Bauni language
{{Short description|Skou language spoken in Papua New Guinea}}
{{Distinguish|text=the Bouni language}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Bauni
|nativename=Barupu
|altname=Warapu
|region=Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea
|coordinates={{coord|-3.071595|142.057463|type:city_region:PG|name=Barupu}}
|speakers= 300
|date=2000
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Papuan
|fam1=Skou
|fam2=Piore River
|fam3=Warapu
|iso3=bpe
|glotto=wara1302
|glottorefname=Bauni
}}
Bauni is a language spoken in Barupu (Warapu) village ({{coord|-3.071595|142.057463|type:city_region:PG|name=Barupu}}) of West Aitape Rural LLG, Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea.{{cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/PG/languages |title=Papua New Guinea languages |work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=22nd |editor1-last=Eberhard |editor1-first=David M. |editor2-last=Simons |editor2-first=Gary F. |editor3-last=Fennig |editor3-first=Charles D. |date=2019 |location=Dallas |publisher=SIL International}}{{cite web |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/village-coordinates-lookup |title=Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup |author=United Nations in Papua New Guinea |work=Humanitarian Data Exchange |version=1.31.9 |date=2018}}
The alternative name Barupu or Warapu, from the name of the Bauni village, has been applied to related languages as well, and 'Warapu' may be retained as a cover term.
Phonology
Bauni has 9 consonants and 6 vowels.{{Cite thesis |last=Corris |first=Miriam |title=A grammar of Barupu: a language of Papua New Guinea |date=2005 |degree=Ph.D. |publisher=University of Sydney |hdl=2123/3655 |hdl-access=free}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Bauni consonants ! |
| Plosive
|p b |t | |k | |
|---|
| Nasal
|m |n | | | |
| Trill
| |r | | | |
| Approximant
| | |{{IPA|j}} | |w |
Consonants may undergo lenition, fortition, palatalization, or assimilation to produce a larger number of surface phonemes.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Bauni vowels ! !Back |
| Close
|i | |u |
|---|
| Close-mid
|e | |o |
| Open-mid
| | |{{IPA|ɔ}} |
| Open
| |a | |
Words belong to one of five tone classes: H, L, LH, HL, HLH.
Syllables have the following form: (C)(G)V(G)(N), where (G) represents a glide and (N) represents a nasal. There are no syllables that have the maximum possible form of CGVGN.
Morphology
Verbs belong to one of four classes that differ in terms of what morphology may be applied and how. Verbs are obligatorily marked for mood - either realis (/k-/) or irrealis (/n-/) - and for subject. Certain classes of verbs require objects to be marked as well.
{{Interlinear|k-opu-jara-ni|REAL-2PL.M-see-1SG.F|You see me.}}
Lexicon
Bauni free pronouns are distinguished on the basis of person, gender, and number.
| class="wikitable"
|+ ! colspan="2" | !singular !dual !plural |
| rowspan="2" | 1st
! M |něná |rowspan="2"|měpí |rowspan="2"|měmí |
|---|
| F
|nění |
| rowspan="2" | 2nd
! M |měmá |colspan="2" rowspan="2" | mǒpú / běvé |
| F
|mǒmú |
| rowspan="2" | 3rd
! M |yá |colspan="2" rowspan="2" | yéi / rěré |
| F
|bó |
Syntax
Clauses in Bauni employ Agent-Patient-Verb word order. Recipients, instruments, and other oblique noun phrases typically follow the verb.
{{Interlinear|top=Intransitive verb|Kuáni k-o-kôe|mother REAL-3SG.F-go.up|Mother went up.}}
{{Interlinear|top=Transitive verb|Kuáni aka k-o-yarâ-ká|mother father REAL-3SG.F-see-3SG.M|Mother saw father.}}
{{Interlinear|top=Ditransitive verb|abbreviations=PRM:prominence;
|Cha Meniri bá{{=}}va k-a-r-o-a nâkí
|Cha Meniri fish{{=}}PRM REAL-3SG.M-3SG.M-give-3SG.M dog
|Cha Meniri gave the dog-spirit a fish.}}
References
{{Reflist}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Miller |first=Steve A. |date=2017 |title=Skou Languages Near Sissano Lagoon, Papua New Guinea |url=https://www.langlxmelanesia.com/LLM%20Vol.%2035%202017_Miller%20Warapu%20FV.pdf |journal=Language and Linguistics in Melanesia |volume=35 |pages=1-24}}
External links
{{Incubator|code=bpe}}
{{Skou languages}}
Category:Languages of Sandaun Province
Category:Piore River languages
{{papuan-lang-stub}}