Bayan Mandahu Formation
{{Short description|Geological formation in China}}
{{redirect|Wulansuhai Formation|the Turonian formation|Ulansuhai Formation}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Bayan Mandahu Formation
| image =File:Mass_grave_of_juvenile_dinosaurs_-_Bayanmanduhu,_Gobi_Desert,_1988.jpg
| caption =
| type = Geological formation
| age = Campanian, {{fossilrange|75|71|earliest=84}}
| period = Campanian
| prilithology = Sandstone
| otherlithology =
| namedfor = Bayan Mandahu, Urad Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia
| namedby =
| region = Inner Mongolia
| country = {{flag|China}}
| coordinates = 41.75N 106.75E
| unitof = Gobi Desert
| subunits =
| underlies =
| overlies =
| thickness =
| extent =
| area =
| map =
| map_caption =
}}
The Bayan Mandahu Formation (also known as Wulansuhai Formation or Wuliangsuhai Formation) is a geological unit of "redbeds" located near the village of Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia, China, in the Gobi Desert. It dates from the late Cretaceous Period. Laid down in the Campanian, it is dated somewhat uncertainly to between 75 and 71 mya (million years ago).{{cite journal |last=Godefroit |first=Pascal |author2=Currie, Philip J. |author3=Li Hong |author4=Shang Chang Yong |author5= Dong Zhi-ming |year=2008 |title=A new species of Velociraptor (Dinosauria: Dromaeosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of northern China |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=432–438 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[432:ANSOVD]2.0.CO;2}}
Description
The paleoenvironment it preserves was semi-arid and characterized by alluvial (stream-deposited) and eolian (wind-deposited) sediments. The formation is known for its vertebrate fossils, most of which are preserved in unstructured sandstone, indicating burial by wind-blown sandstorms.{{cite journal|last1=Jerzykiewicz|first1=T.|last2=Currie|first2=P. J.|last3=Eberth|first3=D. A.|last4=Johnston|first4=P. A.|last5=Koster|first5=E. H.|last6=Zheng|first6=J.-J.|date=1993|title=Djadokhta Formation correlative strata in Chinese Inner Mongolia: an overview of the stratigraphy, sedimentary geology, and paleontology and comparisons with the type locality in the pre-Altai Gobi|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=30|number=10|pages=2180−2195|bibcode=1993CaJES..30.2180J|doi=10.1139/e93-190|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237174446}}
Paleofauna of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
The fauna of the Bayan Mandahu is very similar in composition to the nearby Djadochta Formation, and the two may have been deposited at roughly the same time. These two formations share many of the same genera, but differ in the makeup of species. For example, the most common mammal in the Djadochta is Kryptobaatar dashzevegi, while in the Bayan Mandahu, it is the closely related Kryptobaatar mandahuensis. Similarly, the dinosaur fauna of the Djadochta includes Protoceratops andrewsi and Velociraptor mongoliensis, while the Bayan Mandahu contains Protoceratops hellenikorhinus and Velociraptor osmolskae.
{{Paleobiota-key-compact}}
= Crocodylomorphs =
class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" |
colspan="7" align="center" |Crocodylomorphs of the Bayan Mandahu Formation |
---|
Genus
! Species ! Location ! Material ! Notes ! Images |
Shamosuchus
| | | | A mesoeucrocodylian. | |
= Lizards =
An amphisbaenian species is known from the formation. An iguanian species is known from the formation.
class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" |
colspan="7" align="center" |Lizards of the Bayan Mandahu Formation |
---|
Genus
! Species ! Location ! Material ! Notes ! Images |
Adamisaurus
| | | An agamid. | |
Bainguis
| | | | A diploglossan. | |
Telmasaurus
| | | | A monitor lizard. | |
= Turtles =
class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%" |
colspan="7" align="center" |Turtles of the Bayan Mandahu Formation |
---|
Genus
! Species ! Location ! Material ! Notes ! Images |
Basilemys
| | | | A softshell turtle. | |
"Zangerlia"
| "Z." neimongolensis | Bayan Mandahu | "Partial to complete skeletons of multiple individuals."{{cite journal|last1=Brinkman|first1=D. B.|last2=Tong|first2=H.-Y.|last3=Li|first3=H.|last4=Sun|first4=Y.|last5=Zhang|first5=J.-S.|last6=Godefroit|first6=P.|last7=Zhang|first7=Z.-M.|date=2015|title=New exceptionally well-preserved specimens of "Zangerlia" neimongolensis from Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, and their taxonomic significance|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol|volume=14|issue=6–7|pages=577−587|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2014.12.005|doi-access=free|bibcode=2015CRPal..14..577B }} | A nanhsiungchelyid. | 200px |
= Mammals =
A taeniolabidoidea multituberculate is known from the formation.
=Dinosaurs=
==Alvarezsaurs==
==Ankylosaurs==
==Birds==
class="wikitable sortable" | |||||
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cf. Gobipteryx
| Indeterminate | | "Eggs similar to those attributed to Gobipteryx minuta from the Djadochta Formation." | | |
== Ceratopsians ==
==Dromaeosaurs==
class="wikitable sortable" | |||||
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linheraptor
| A skull, cervical vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, a scapula, a humerus, a radius, metacarpals, manual phalanxes, sternal plate, a pubis, a femur, a tibiotarsus, metatarsals, and pedal phalanxes. | A possible velociraptorine dromaeosaurid. | |||||
Velociraptor
| A paired maxillae and left lacrimal. |
==Hadrosaurs==
class="wikitable sortable" | |||||
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Undescribed Hadrosauridae{{cite journal|author1=Nicholas R. Longrich |author2=Philip J. Currie |author3=Dong Zhi-Ming |year=2010 |title=A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia |journal=Palaeontology |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=945–960 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x|doi-access=free |bibcode=2010Palgy..53..945L }}
| | A hadrosaurid. | |
==Oviraptorosaurs==
==Sauropods==
==Troodontids==
==Tyrannosaurs==
class="wikitable sortable" | |||||
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Undescribed Tyrannosauridae
| | A tyrannosaurid. | |
See also
{{portal|China|Paleontology}}
- Barun Goyot Formation
- List of fossil sites (with link directory)
- Nemegt Formation
- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
References
{{Reflist}}
= Bibliography =
- {{citation |last1=Weishampel |first1=David B. |author2-link=Peter Dodson |last2=Dodson |first2=Peter |author3-link=Halszka Osmólska |last3=Osmólska |first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria, 2nd edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |publisher=Berkeley: University of California Press |pages=1–880 |accessdate=2019-02-21 |isbn=0-520-24209-2 |author1-link=David B. Weishampel }}
{{coord missing|Inner Mongolia}}
Category:Geologic formations of China
Category:Upper Cretaceous Series of Asia