Beam bridge

{{Short description|Type of bridge}}

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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

{{Infobox bridge type

|type_name = Beam bridge

|image = SteamAcrossIowaRiver.JPG

|image_title = Multispan plate girder bridge deck on concrete piers.

|sibling_names =

|descendent_names = Box girder bridge, plate girder bridge, trestle bridge, truss bridge{{citation needed|reason=please provide a reference which defines or lists siblings, descendants, and ancestors for bridge types. |date=January 2011}}

|ancestor_names = Log bridge

|carries = Pedestrians, automobiles, trucks, light rail, heavy rail

|span_range = Short

|material = Timber, iron, steel, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete

|movable = No

|design = Low

|falsework = No unless cast-in-place reinforced concrete is used

}}

Beam bridges are the simplest structural forms for bridge spans supported by an abutment or pier at each end.{{cite web |url=https://www.historyofbridges.com/facts-about-bridges/beam-bridge/ |title=Beam Bridge Facts, History and Design |author= |website=History of bridges |access-date=2019-09-13 }} No moments are transferred throughout the support, hence their structural type is known as simply supported.

The simplest beam bridge could be a log (see log bridge), a wood plank, or a stone slab (see clapper bridge) laid across a stream. Bridges designed for modern infrastructure will usually be constructed of steel or reinforced concrete, or a combination of both. The concrete elements may be reinforced or prestressed. Such modern bridges include girder, plate girder, and box girder bridges, all types of beam bridges.

Types of construction could include having many beams side by side with a deck across the top of them, to a main beam either side supporting a deck between them. The main beams could be I-beams, trusses, or box girders. They could be half-through, or braced across the top to create a through bridge.

File:Passerelle ruisseau Moulin-Haut.jpg, France.]]

File:Footbridge over Böser Ellbach stream, Schwarzwald, Germany.jpg, Germany]]

Since no moments are transferred, thrust (as from an arch bridge) cannot be accommodated, leading to innovative designs, such as lenticular trusses and bow string arches, which contain the horizontal forces within the superstructure.

Beam bridges are not limited to a single span. Some viaducts such as the Feiyunjiang Bridge in China have multiple simply supported spans held up by piers. This is opposed to viaducts using continuous spans over the piers.

Beam bridges are often only used for relatively short distances because, unlike truss bridges, they have no built in supports. The only supports are provided by piers. The further apart its supports, the weaker a beam bridge gets. As a result, beam bridges rarely span more than {{convert|250|ft|-1}}. This does not mean that beam bridges are not used to cross great distances; it only means that a series of beam bridges must be joined together, creating what is known as a continuous span.