Bedřich Fritta

File:Bedrich Fritta.jpg, Theresienstadt)]]

Bedřich Fritta (19 September 1906, Višňová – 8 November 1944, Auschwitz) was a Czech-Jewish artist and cartoonist.{{cite web |last=Last Expression |title=Bedřich Fritta |url=http://lastexpression.northwestern.edu/Bios/french/bio_fritta.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010909151355/http://lastexpression.northwestern.edu/Bios/french/bio_fritta.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 September 2001 |publisher=Northwestern University |accessdate=28 August 2013 }}

Life

Fritta was born to a Jewish family in Višňová as Fritz Taussig. After his father's death he moved to Prague with his mother in 1928. In the late 1920s, he lived in Paris for two years working as a caricaturist. When he returned to Prague, he worked as a technical artist for architect Emil Weisz and later as an illustrator for Ladislav Radoměrský's advertisement agency.

In the 1930s, he devoted himself to political caricature for the satirical magazine Simplicus. The magazine was an heir to the German magazine Simplicissimus after its Jewish editor Thomas Theodor Heine left Nazi Germany and went to Czechoslovakia.{{cite journal |last1=Rössler |first1=Patrick |title=Wielding a sharp pencil against the Nazi regime: The illustrators of the satirical magazines Simplicus and Der Simpl (1934–1935) and their work in exile in Prague |url=https://www.cairn-int.info/article-E_MATE_135_0018--wielding-a-sharp-pencil-against-the-nazi.htm |journal=Matériaux pour l'histoire de Notre Temps |date=9 November 2020 |volume=135136 |issue=1 |pages=16–27 |doi=10.3917/mate.135.0018 |access-date=9 May 2023|url-access=subscription }}{{cite web|last=Jewish Museum|title=Bedřich Fritta (1906-1944): Makeshift Barracks (An Evening in the Barracks), Terezín, 1942-44|url=http://www.jewishmuseum.cz/predmet-mesice/158/150/Bedrich-Fritta-1906-1944-Makeshift-Barracks-An-Evening-in-the-Barracks-Terezin-1942-44/|publisher=Jewish Museum in Prague|accessdate=28 August 2013}} Taussig published under pseudonym "Fritta" - created from the first letters of his name and surname. From 1934 to 1935, he again lived in Paris. After his return, he had his name legally changed to Bedřich Fritta in 1936. In the same year, he married his wife Johanna Fantlová. They lived in Karlín where Fritta worked as a graphic artist and as an art teacher. Their son Tomáš was born in 1941.

During WWII

In 1941, Fritta was interned in Theresienstadt Ghetto. His wife and son followed him in 1942. Together with other illustrators in the ghetto, Fritta worked as a technical artist. Because of their access to the tools, they were able to illegally draw expressionist sketches of life in the overcrowded ghetto. Together with Leo Haas, {{ill|Otto Ungar|cs||de|}}, and {{ill|Ferdinand Bloch|de|Felix Bloch (Zeichner)|he|פליקס בלוך (צייר)}}, he was arrested and interrogated. The artists were able to hide their drawings before the arrest. Bloch died in the Small Fortress prison in Theresienstadt. Others were deported to Auschwitz, where Fritta died of illness and exhaustion in 1944. His wife and son were imprisoned in the Small Fortress, where Johanna died of typhus in February 1945. Their son Tomáš survived the Holocaust and was adopted by Leo Hass and his wife Erna. Out of the four arrested artists, only Leo Haas survived the war and recovered the hidden drawings. He displayed these works in Mánes Pavilion after the war. Some of Fritta's surviving works are held by the Jewish Museum Berlin{{cite web |title=Art from the Holocaust |url=https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/art/fritta.asp |website=Yad Vashem}} and the Jewish Museum of Switzerland.

Publications

To Tommy, for his Third Birthday (1999) – A picture book Fritta drew for his son's third birthday.{{cite web |title=To Tommy, for his Third Birthday |url=https://www.jmberlin.de/fritta/en/bilderbuch-fuer-tommy.php |publisher=Jewish Museum Berlin}}