Behzad Nabavi

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = Behzad Nabavi

| image = Behzad Nabavi 2019.jpg

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1941|09|29|df=y}}

| birth_place = Tehran, Iran

| office1 = First Deputy of the Parliament of Iran

| term_start1 = 28 May 2002

| term_end1 = 28 May 2003

| predecessor1 = Mohammad Reza Khatami

| successor1 = Mohammad Reza Khatami

| term_start2 = 26 May 2000

| term_end2 = 28 May 2001

| predecessor2 = Hassan Rouhani

| successor2 = Mohammad Reza Khatami

| office3 = Member of the Parliament of Iran

| term_start3 = 26 May 2000

| term_end3 = 18 April 2004{{citation|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/iran/story/2004/04/040418_a_jb_nabavi_resignation.shtml|title=Behzad Nabavi's quit from Majlis|date=18 April 2004|publisher=BBC|language=Persian|accessdate=28 September 2015|author=Jamshid Barzegar|author-link=Jamshid Barzegar}}

| majority3 = 1,148,840 (39.19%){{cite web|title=Parliament members|url=http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/parliament_member/show/760963|publisher=Iranian Majlis|accessdate=28 September 2015|language=Persian|archive-date=24 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024033448/http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/parliament_member/show/760963|url-status=dead}}

| constituency3 = Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr

| order4 = Minister of Heavy Industries

| term_start4 = 31 May 1982

| term_end4 = 29 August 1989

| predecessor4 = Mostafa Hashemitaba

| successor4 = Hadi Nejad Hosseynian

| president4 = Ali Khamenei

| primeminister4 = Mir-Hossein Mousavi

| order5 = Minister without portfolio
for Executive Affairs

| term_start5 = 10 September 1980

| term_end5 = 31 May 1982

| president5 = Abolhassan Banisadr
Mohammad Ali Rajai
Ali Khamenei

| primeminister5 = Mohammad Ali Rajai
Mohammad Javad Bahonar
Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani
Mir-Hossein Mousavi

| successor5 = Gholam Reza Aghazadeh

| party = Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization

| otherparty = MIRO (1979–83)
MKO (1969–75)
NF (1961–65)

| alma_mater = Amir Kabir University of Technology

| spouse = Hengameh Razavi

| children = 2

| nickname = The Old Guerilla

}}

Behzad Nabavi ({{langx|fa|بهزاد نبوی}}) (born 1941) is an Iranian reformist politician. He served as Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Iran and was one of the founders of the Reformist party Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization. Before his career as a democratic reformist, Nabavi was considered an ideologue of the Iranian Islamic left until conservatives in the 1990s sidelined that force.

Early life

Nabavi was born in Tehran in 1941.{{cite news|last=Sahimi|first=Muhammad|title=Patriots and Reformists: Behzad Nabavi and Mostafa Tajzadeh|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/08/patriots-and-reformists-behzad-nabavi-and-mostafa-tajzadeh.html|accessdate=20 February 2013|newspaper=PBS|date=11 August 2009}} His father was a historian, He graduated from Amir Kabir University of Technology with a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in the mid-1960s. He received a master's degree in electrical engineering in 1964.

Career and activities

Nabavi started his political activity as a guerrilla fighter against the Pahlavi government and served a prison term as a result. He had personally confirmed that when he was arrested in 1972, he had tried suicide by swallowing a cyanide pill, which "fortunately or unfortunately" did not work.

During the Islamic Revolution he was among the founders of the Islamic Revolution Committees (known as komite or komiteh in Iran), which served as a security force mainly working against armed opposition parties and militia, the early years of the Islamic Republic. Nabavi was also a founder of the intelligence office under the Presidency, which later became the ministry of intelligence.

Nabavi acted as the chief negotiator of Iran during the discussions with United States officials in the Iran hostage crisis, where he has been described as a "radical" who gained influence at the expense of "moderates" as a result of the crisis.Brumberg, Daniel, Reinventing Khomeini, University of Chicago Press, (2001), p. 118

Nabavi served in different posts in the government of Iran, including a member of the Central Committee of the Islamic Revolution, the head of the Setad-e Basij-e Eghtesadi-e Keshvar (the body that introduced government-issued coupons because of economical difficulties of the Iran–Iraq War), which made the conservatives call him a couponist (which rhymes with communist in Persian), minister of heavy industries{{cite journal|last=Moaddel|first=Mansoor|title=Class Struggle in Post-Revolutionary Iran|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|date=August 1991|volume=23|issue=3|pages=317–343|jstor=164485|doi=10.1017/s0020743800056324|doi-access=free}} under Mir-Hossein Mousavi, and a representative of Tehran to the parliament (39% of ballots in 2000).

He also worked in some state-owned petroleum companies. He acted as the chairman of the board in Petropars and a consultant to the CEO in Mapna, a company working on the expansion of oil refineries in Iran.

As a member of the parliament, Nabavi has been one of the major critics of the Council of Guardians, the body which both vets candidates for political office and can veto legislation passed by parliament. In turn, the council banned him from running for re-election for parliamental in 2004 along with 80 other incumbents. On 1 February 2004, Nabavi resigned from parliament with more than 100 MPs, and his resignation was accepted by a 154/22/7 (for/against/absentation) vote by the parliament on 18 April 2004. In his resignation speech, he mentioned the "violation of public rights" as his main reason for resignation.

Nabavi was also prohibited from running for office in other elections and summoned by the judiciary for libel and "disturbing the public mind", when he was serving as an MP and hence certain restrictions applied for such summoning.

Behzad Nabavi and Ali Akbar Mohtashami were among those who prevented by the Guardian council from taking part in the elections of Majlis.{{cite book|author=Anoushiravan Enteshami & Mahjoob Zweiri|title=Iran and the rise of Neoconsevatives, the politics of Tehran's silent Revolution|year=2007|page=9|publisher=I.B.Tauris}}

Arrest

Nabavi was arrested after the 2009 Iran Presidential Election.{{cite news|title=Iranian Reformist Behzad Nabavi Returns to Evin Prison|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/09/dec/1057.html|newspaper=Payvand|date=12 June 2009|access-date=20 February 2013|archive-date=14 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163533/http://www.payvand.com/news/09/dec/1057.html|url-status=dead}} He was sentenced to six years in prison by the court in February 2010.{{cite news|title=Iran jails opposition leader Behzad Nabavi|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8507016.stm|accessdate=20 February 2013|publisher=BBC|date=9 February 2010}}