Bell X-16
{{Short description|Experimental high altitude aerial reconnaissance jet aircraft}}
{{Infobox aircraft
|name = X-16
|image = File:Bell X-16.jpg
|caption =X-16 Mock-up
|type =High altitude reconnaissance aircraft
|manufacturer = Bell Aircraft Corporation
|designer =
|first_flight =
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|retired =
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|primary_user = United States Air Force (intended)
|more_users =
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The Bell X-16 was a high altitude aerial reconnaissance jet aircraft designed in the United States in the 1950s. The designation of X-16 was a cover to try to hide the true nature of the aircraft mission from the Soviet Union during the Cold War.Jenkins et al. 2003, p. 23.
Development
During the second half of 1953, Fairchild, Bell, and Martin Aircraft conducted high altitude reconnaissance aircraft design studies for the United States Air Force under project MX-2147.Polmar 2001, p. 26. All three designs used Pratt & Whitney J57-19 turbojets. The Bell and Martin (B-57D) designs were chosen for further development. The Bell Model 67 design was designated the X-16. A full-scale mock-up was completed and one aircraft was partially completed. It was designed as a high altitude long-range reconnaissance aircraft.Miller, Jay (2001). The X-Planes: X-1 to X-45 (third ed.). Motorbooks International. {{ISBN|1-85780-109-1}}.
The X-16 design was breaking new ground with its design. Its wingspan was long ({{convert|114|ft|10|in|m|2|abbr=on}}) with a high (11.9) aspect ratio. The structure was significantly lighter and more flexible than usual for jet aircraft wings. The entire aircraft was made as light as possible to achieve its intended 3,000-mile{{clarify|date=August 2018|reason=sm or nm?}} unrefueled range at {{convert|69,500|ft|m|abbr=on}}.
A total of 28 aircraft were ordered, but none were completed. The first X-16 was about 80 percent complete when the program was cancelled by the Air Force in favor of the Martin RB-57 in 1956. Although no X-16 was ever completed, it made contributions to aircraft design with its lightweight design. It was also a driving force behind the development of the high-altitude versions of the J57 that would later power the Lockheed U-2 and other aircraft.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}
Specifications (X-16, as designed)
File:Bell X-16 artist depiction.jpg
{{Aircraft specs
|prime units?=kts
|crew= one, pilot
|length ft= 60
|length in= 10
|length m= 18.55
|span ft=114
|span in=10
|span m= 35
|height ft= 17
|height in= 1
|height m=5.2
|wing area sqft= 1,099
|wing area sqm= 102.19
|empty weight lb= 23,280
|empty weight kg= 10,582
|gross weight lb= 36,124
|gross weight kg= 16,420
|eng1 name= Pratt & Whitney J57-PW-37A
|eng1 type=turbojets
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 lbf=10,000
|eng1 kn= 45,20
|max speed kts= 480
|max speed mph= 553
|max speed kmh= 885
|range nmi= 2,867
|range miles= 3,319
|range km= 5,310
|ceiling ft= 71,832
|ceiling m= 21,900
|wing loading lb/sqft= 33
|wing loading kg/m2= 160
|thrust/weight= 0.55
}}
See also
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References
;Notes
{{Reflist}}
;Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
- Jenkins, Dennis R., Tony Landis and Jay Miller. [https://archive.org/download/NASA_NTRS_Archive_20030067480/NASA_NTRS_Archive_20030067480.pdf American X-Vehicles: An Inventory – X-1 to X-50] (Monographs in Aerospace History No. 31: Centennial of Flight Edition). Washington, D.C.: NASA SP-2003-4531, June 2003. Retrieved: 26 July 2009.
- Miller, Jay. Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works: The Official History. Leicester, UK: Aerofax, an imprint of Midland Publishing, 1995 (revised edition). {{ISBN|1-85780-037-0}}.
- Polmar, Martin. Spyplane: The U-2 History. St. Paul, Minnesota: Zenith Press, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7603-0957-4}}.
{{Refend}}
External links
- [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/x-16.htm X-16 at globalsecurity.org]
{{Bell Aircraft}}
{{X-planes}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States