Benjamin Ball (physician)

{{Infobox medical person

| honorific_prefix =

|name = Benjamin Ball

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|image = Benjamin Ball.jpg

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| birth_date = {{birth date|1833|04|20|df=y}}

| birth_place = Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

| death_date = {{death date and age|1893|02|23|1833|04|20|df=y}}

| death_place = Paris, France

| nationality = French

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| occupation = psychiatrist

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| spouse=Suzanne Carrier de Belleuse

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| profession = medicine

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| notable_works =

| prizes = Legion of Honour – Knight (1880)

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Benjamin Ball (20 April 1833 – 23 February 1893) was a French psychiatrist who was born in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. He was the first "Chair of Mental and Brain Diseases" at the Paris Faculty of Medicine.

Early life

He was born at Naples, to an English father, William Ball, and a Swizz mother, Julie Autran (1807–1852). He was naturalised as French in 1849 and spent the whole of his professional life in Paris.{{cite book |title= Following Charcot: a Forgotten History of Neurology and Psychiatry |series=Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience |editor= Bogousslavsky J |publisher= S Karger Pub |year= 2010 |isbn= 978-3-8055-9556-8}}

Medical career

He studied medicine under Jacques-Joseph Moreau de Tours and Jean-Martin Charcot and was an assistant of Charles Lasègue at the Salpêtrière Hospital. During his internat he was Laureate of the Academy of Medicine (Prix Portal, in collaboration with Charcot). He became doctor of medicine in 1862.

With the support of Jean-Martin Charcot,{{cite journal|last1=Bogousslavsky|first1=Julien |last2=Walusinski|first2=Olivier|last3=Moulin|first3=Thierry|date=2011|title=Alfred Vulpian and Jean-Martin Charcot in Each Other's Shadow? From Castor and Pollux at La Salpêtrière to Neurology Forever| format=|language=en|journal=Eurology Neurology|volume=65|issue=4|page=218|doi=10.1159/000325733|pmid=21422760 |s2cid=6472884 |url-access=|url=|access-date=|quote=The discussion was indeed conceptual, because Charcot, who in 1875 had put forward the importance of specialization when he supported Benjamin Ball for the new chair of Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l’Encéphale, now emphasized the importance of lumping together several topics under neurology which at the time were scattered among several medical fields.|doi-access=free}} Ball became to first Chair of Mental and Brain Diseases (Clinique des Maladies Mentales et de l’Encéphale) in the Paris Faculty of Medicine in 18 April 1877, to the detriment of his rival Valentin Magnan.{{cite journal|last=Walusinski|first=Olivier|date=2021|title=Benjamin Ball (1834–1893), premier titulaire de la chaire des maladies mentales|trans-title=Benjamin Ball (1834–1893), First Holder of the Chair of Mental Illnesses|format=|language=fr|journal=Annales Médico-Psychologiques|volume=179|issue=1|pages=107–112|doi=10.1016/j.amp.2020.11.009|s2cid=230585366 |via=|url-access=|url=https://www-sciencedirect-com.simsrad.net.ocs.mq.edu.au/science/article/pii/S0003448720303358|access-date=27 November 2022}}

In 1881, in collaboration with Jules Bernard Luys, Ball founded the journal L'Encéphale, which the pair directed until 1889.

Alienist work

Ball advocated against psychic disorders being separated from the rest of medicine, stating that "the work of the mind coincides with phenomena of a purely physical".

Written works

Ball is the author of numerous works relating to mental diseases. In 1885, he published a trail-blazing treatrise entitled La morphinomanie, in which he evidenced the toxic effects of cocaine which were not absolutely acknowledged at the time.

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Des Embolies pulmonaires

| Pulmonary Embolism

| Paris 1862{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|author-link=|date=1862|title="Des Embolies pulmonaires"|trans-title=Pulmonary Embolism|publication-place=Paris, France|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8804528|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2002|edition=1|volume=1|language=fr|publisher=A. Coccoz|pages=1–147|isbn=978-2-0195-4421-8|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126005209/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8804528/f9.highres}}

Du rhumatisme viscéral

| Visceral rheumatism

| Paris 1866{{cite thesis|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|author-link=|date=1862|title=Du Rhumatisme Viscéral|trans-title=Visceral Rheumatism|format=|language=fr|journal=|volume=|issue=|pages=167|doi=|publisher=P. Asselin|via=|url-access=|url=|access-date=|quote=}}

La médecine mentale à travers les siècles

| Mental medicine through the centuries

| Paris 1879

De certains cas d’ischémie fonctionnelle du cerveau

| Certain cases of functional ischemia of the brain.

| Paris 1880{{cite journal|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|date=1880|title=De certains cas d'ischémie fonctionnelle du cerveau|trans-title=Certain cases of functional ischemia of the brain.| format=|language=fr|journal=Fr Med|volume=27|issue=88|pages=705–706|doi=|via=|url-access=|url=|access-date=|quote=}}

Considérations sur l’ischémie cérébrale fonctionnelle.

| Considerations on functional cerebral ischemia.

| Paris 1881{{cite journal|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|date=1881|title=Considérations sur l'ischémie cérébrale fonctionnelle.|trans-title=Considerations on functional cerebral ischemia.| format=|language=fr|journal=Encé phale|volume=1|issue=|pages=5–25|doi=|via=|url-access=|url=|access-date=|quote=}}

Des impulsions intellectuelles

| Mental medicine through the centuries

| Paris 1881{{cite journal|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|date=1881|title=Des impulsions intellectuelles|trans-title=Intellectual Impulses|format=|language=fr|journal=Encephale|volume=1|issue=|pages=26–31|doi=|via=|url-access=|url=|access-date=|quote=}}

De la folie religieuse.

| On Religious Madness.

| Paris 1882{{cite journal|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|date=1882|title=De la folie religieuse.|trans-title=|format=|language=fr|journal=Fr Med|volume=29|issue=12|pages=193–195|doi=|via=|url-access=|url=|access-date=|quote=}}

La médecine mentale à travers les siècles

| Insanity in Agitating Paralysis.

| Paris 1882{{cite journal|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|date=1882|title=Insanite´ dans la Paralysie Agitante|trans-title=Insanity in Agitating Paralysis|format=|language=fr|journal=Brain|volume=2|issue=|pages=22–32|doi=|via=|url-access=|url=|access-date=|quote=}}

La morphinomanie

| On morphinomania

| 1st edition: Paris 1885;{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|author-link=|date=31 October 1885|title=La morphinomanie|trans-title=On morphinomania|publication-place=Paris, France|edition=1|volume=1|language=fr|publisher=Asselin et Houzeau|pages=1–166|isbn=|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k764030|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2002|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126092152/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k764030/f9.highres}} 2nd edition: Paris 1888{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|author-link=|date=31 October 1888|title=La morphinomanie|trans-title=On morphinomania|publication-place=Paris, France|edition=2|volume=1|language=fr|publisher=E. Lefrançois|pages=1–248|isbn=|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5462855z|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2002|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126092947/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5462855z/f8.highres}}

La folie érotique

| On erotic insanity

| 1st edition: Paris 1888;{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|author-link=|date=1888|title=La folie érotique|trans-title=On erotic insanity|publication-place=Paris, France|volume=1|language=fr|edition=1|publisher=J.-B. Baillière|pages=1–158|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76732d|access-date=26 November 2002|url-status=live|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126061722/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark%3A/12148/bpt6k76732d/f8.highres}} 2nd edition: Paris 1893{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|author-link=|date=1893|title=La folie érotique|trans-title=On erotic insanity|publication-place=Paris, France|volume=1|language=fr|edition=2|publisher=A. Coccoz|pages=1–157|isbn=978-2-3381-0680-7|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k220755n|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2002|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126070139/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k220755n/f1.highres}}

Du délire des persécutions, ou Maladie de Lasègue

| On persecution deliria

| Paris 1890{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|author-link=|date=1890|title=Du délire des persécutions, ou Maladie de Lasègue|trans-title=On persecution deliria|publication-place=Paris, France|edition=1|volume=1|language=fr|publisher=Asselin & Houzeau|pages=1–109|isbn=978-2-8512-8073-2|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76927c|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2002|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126080045/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k76927c/f8.highres}}

Leçons sur les maladies mentales

| Lessons on Mental Illnesses

| 1st edition: Paris 1880;{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|author-link=|date=1880|title=Leçons sur les maladies mentales|trans-title=Lessons on Mental Illnesses|publication-place=Paris, France|edition=1|volume=1|language=fr|publisher=P. Asselin|pages=1–884|isbn=|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5825643v/f10.highres|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2002|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126091507/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5825643v/f10.highres}} 2nd edition: Paris 1890{{cite book|last=Ball|first=Benjamin|author-link=|date=1890|title=Leçons sur les maladies mentales|trans-title=Lessons on Mental Illnesses|publication-place=Paris, France|edition=2|volume=|language=fr|publisher=Asselin et Houzeau|page=1-1870|isbn=978-2-8512-8073-2|url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k766266|url-status=live|access-date=26 November 2002|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126052345/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k766266/f6.highres}}

Awards

By decree on 14 July 1880 (declaration: 29 January 1881) Ball was awarded a Knight in France's Legion of Honour.{{cite web|title=Ball, Benjamin - Certificate No 24,607|website=France’s National Archives - Léonore Database|location=France|date=14 July 1880|page=1|language=fr|url=https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/#show|access-date=26 November 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125234759/https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/archives-images/LH008/FRDAFAN83_OL0098032v001_L.jpg|archive-date=25 November 2022}}

Personal life

On 2 August 1871, Ball married Suzanne Carrier de Belleuse (1847–1928). They had six children, including Albert Ball (1875–1937).

Death

Ball suffered from ill health for 12 months that prevented him from working as a physician. Ball, who is suspected of having endured a two-year evolution of a cancer, died at his Paris residence on 23 February 1893. In his obituary, he was described as having died of "severe mental strain" due to his illness.{{cite journal|title=Obituary of Benjamin Ball, M.D.|journal=British Medical Journal|date=1893|first=|last=|volume=1 |issue=1681 |pages=613–614 |doi=10.1136/bmj.1.1681.613-a |s2cid=220018583 |language=en|url=http://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/1/1681/613.2.full.pdf|access-date=26 November 2022|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126000226/https://www.bmj.com/content/1/1681/613.2|archive-date=26 November 2022}} His wife's brother and sculptor, Robert Carrier de Belleuse (1848–1913), made a bronze bust that adorns Ball's tomb in Montmartre Cemetery. In 1898, Albert Ball was admitted to boarding school after the death of his father.