Benjamin Bevan

{{Short description|British civil engineer (1773–1833)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}

{{Use British English|date=April 2018}}

Benjamin Bevan (26 December 1773 — 2 July 1833) was a British civil engineer, noted for his proof of the equivalence of the elastic moduli of ice and water.{{cite book|title=The American Journal of Science|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FGFDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA120|year=1839|publisher=Kline Geology Laboratory, Yale University|page=120}} He was a principal engineer on the Grand Junction Canal.{{cite book|author=Hugh Conway-Jones|title=The Gloucester And Sharpness Canal Through Time|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rFCIAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT28|date=11 January 2013|publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited|isbn=978-1-4456-2580-5|page=28}}{{cite book|author=Sir David Brewster|title=The Edinburgh encyclopaedia|url=https://archive.org/details/edinburghencyclo14brew|year=1832|publisher=J. and E. Parker|page=[https://archive.org/details/edinburghencyclo14brew/page/303 303]}}

Bevan was born on Boxing Day in 1773; his parents were Joseph Bevan, a yeoman of Ridgmont, and Mary Ravens. He inherited his father's farm and holdings at the age of nine. He had five children with his wife Mary Allen, whom he married in 1799.{{cite book|author=A. W. Skempton|title=A Biographical Dictionary of Civil Engineers in Great Britain and Ireland: 1500–1830|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jeOMfpYMOtYC&pg=PA43|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Thomas Telford|isbn=978-0-7277-2939-2|pages=56–57}} Prior to entering the engineering profession, he worked as a brewer, but was encouraged to take up engineering after meeting the geologist William Smith.{{cite book|author=J. D. Mather|title=200 Years of British Hydrogeology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uSwPcR-kG58C&pg=PA19|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Geological Society of London|isbn=978-1-86239-155-0|page=19}}

In 1802 he completed his first engineering project; a redesign of the Lake Bridge at Leighton Buzzard. Two years later he began working on canals, first working on the Wendover branch of the Grand Junction, and later taking over (along with John Woodhouse and Henry Provis) from the canal's original engineer James Barnes. On this canal, Bevan pioneered the use of iron as a material for aqueducts, constructing one of Britain's earliest iron aqueducts over the River Great Ouse.{{cite web|title=The Engineers who made the Iron Trunk|url=https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/media/library/1402.pdf|publisher=Canal & River Trust|accessdate=5 November 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105131140/https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/media/library/1402.pdf|archivedate=5 November 2014}} The work he did on the Grand Junction led to his involvement in other canal construction projects, including the original Grand Union Canal and the Newport Pagnell Canal (although he declined the post of chief engineer for the Wey and Arun Canal).

He did extensive surveying work, looking at means of creating navigable stretches of the River Ivel and River Nene, and proposing canals between Market Harborough and Stamford and a branch out as far as Taunton. His survey of Deeping Fen resulted in an Act allowing the provision of steam engines for drainage, one of the earliest uses of steam power for this purpose.{{cite book|author=Richard Leslie Hills|title=Machines, Mills and Unaccountable Costly Necessities: A Short History of the Drainage of the Fens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCfSAAAAMAAJ|year=1967|publisher=(Norf.), Goose & Son}}{{cite book|author1=John Boyes|author2=Ronald Russell|title=The Canals of Eastern England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CshmQgAACAAJ|date=1 January 1977|publisher=David & Charles|isbn=978-0-7153-7415-3}}

In later life, he developed an interest in materials science and meteorology, writing numerous scientific papers. He served on the committee which established the London Mechanics' Institution, and introduced George Birkbeck as the chair.

He died from heart failure on 2 July 1833 whilst observing a lunar eclipse, and was interred at Ridgmont.