Berezin UB
{{Infobox weapon
|name= UB machine gun
| image= 12.7mm Berezin UB.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption= UBS machine gun on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
|origin= Soviet Union
|type= Machine gun
|is_ranged=yes
|service=
|used_by= Soviet Union
|wars= World War II
|designer= Mikhail Yevgenyevich Berezin
|design_date=1937–39
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost=
|production_date=
|number=
|variants=
|weight={{convert|21.45|kg|1|sp=us}} (UBS)
{{convert|21.14|kg|1|sp=us}} (UBK)
{{convert|21.43|kg|1|sp=us}} (UBT)
|length={{convert|1347|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (UBS, UBK)
{{convert|1397|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (UBT)
|part_length={{convert|890|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
|width=
|cartridge= 12.7×108mm
|action= Gas
|rate= 800–1050 RPM
(700-800 synchronized UBS)
|velocity= {{convert|814|m/s|ft/s|abbr=on}}
|range=
|max_range=
|feed= Belt-fed
|sights= Iron sights
}}
The Berezin UB ({{langx|ru|УБ - Универсальный Березина}}) (Berezin's Universal) was a 12.7 mm caliber Soviet aircraft machine gun widely used during World War II.
Development
In 1937, {{ill|Mikhail Berezin|ru|Березин, Михаил Евгеньевич}} began designing a new large-caliber aircraft machine gun chambered to the 12.7 mm round used by infantry machine guns. The new design passed factory trials in 1938 and was accepted into service in 1939 under the designation BS (Березин Синхронный, Berezin Sinkhronniy, Berezin Synchronized). The rate of fire made it well suited for use as defensive armament in aircraft. While a successful design, BS was not without its faults, the biggest being its cable-operated charging which required considerable physical strength.
Continued development resulted in the improved UB which came in three versions: UBK (Крыльевой, Krylyevoi, for the wings), UBS (Синхронный, Sinkhronniy, Synchronized), and UBT (Турельный, Turelniy, for the turret), with UBS and UBK charged by compressed air. The UB was accepted into service on April 22, 1941, just two months before the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
Description
The Berezin UB is a gas-operated air-cooled machine gun chambered for the Soviet 12.7×108mm infantry machine gun round. Ammunition is supplied via a disintegrating link belt with a unique system in which each new round helps to extract the spent cartridge. Another unusual feature is that the belt is advanced during the return of the moving portion of the gun and not during the recoil. Turret installations were charged manually, while wing and synchronized versions utilized pneumatic charging.
The UB in all variants was used by the vast majority of Soviet military aircraft of World War II.
A declassified 1952 US intelligence report notes that: "The Shkas was a comparatively intricate and well finished gun, the cost of which necessitated that it be kept in operating condition as long as possible by repair and replacement of parts. In contrast to the Shkas, the Beresin was deliberately expendable, that is, the Soviets' plan was to discard the entire gun after a short period of use during which one or another of the principal operating mechanisms became worn or broken." The same report notes that: "The design of the Beresin machine gun was greatly influenced by a captured Lahti 20-mm machine cannon; many features of the Finnish gun appear in all models of the Beresin."Chinn, p. 94
Production
The following production numbers could be found in the Soviet archives:Shirokograd, p. 118; no number given for 1942
- 1941 — 6,300
- 1943 — 43,690
- 1944 — 38,340
- 1945 — 42,952
Influences
The Berezin B-20 autocannon was a UB rebarrelled to 20×99mm.
The Volkov-Yartsev VYa-23 autocannon used an upscaled version of the UB mechanism.Chinn, p. 96
Notes
{{reflist}}
See also
References
- Широкоград А.Б. (2001) История авиационного вооружения Харвест (Shirokograd A.B. (2001) Istorya aviatsionnogo vooruzhenia Harvest. {{ISBN|985-433-695-6}}) (History of aircraft armament)
- {{cite book
| last = Koll
| first = Christian
| title = Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm
| publisher = Koll
| date = 2009
| location = Austria
| url = http://www.russianammo.org
| doi =
| isbn = 978-3-200-01445-9
| page = 58 }}
- Chinn, George M. The Machine Gun, Vol II, Part VII. US Department of the Navy, 1952
External links
{{Commons category|UB machine gun}}
{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
Category:12.7×108 mm machine guns
Category:Aircraft guns of the Soviet Union
Category:Machine guns of the Soviet Union