Bernard Horecker

Bernard Horecker was born in Chicago on 31 October 1914. He studied at the University of Chicago and obtained his Ph.D. there in 1939. Laureate honoris causa in Biological Sciences, University of Urbino, Italy, 1982.

Starting as a biochemist at the United States Public Health Service at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland from 1941 to 1959, Horecker moved to the New York University Grossman School of Medicine, until 1963, then at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology in Nutley, New Jersey and finally at Cornell University.

He was a visiting professor of biochemistry at the University of California in 1954, and a guest research worker at the Pasteur Institute, Paris, 1957-1958. Later he had many visiting appointments, both in USA and in other countries, including Paraná (Brazil), Kyoto (Japan), Ferrara (Italy), and Rotterdam (The Netherlands).

Horecker was (with Earl Stadtman) founding editor of Current Topics in Cellular Regulation, a major series in the subject, and continued in the role up to volume 23 (1984).

According to Kresge and colleagues Horecker "made seminal contributions to our understanding of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions in carbohydrate metabolism, especially those of the pentose phosphate pathway." He started his scientific career with a manometric study of succinate dehydrogenase.{{cite journal | journal= J. Biol. Chem. |title = The promoting effect of aluminum, chromium, and the rare earths in the succinic dehydrogenase-cytochrome system|last1 = Horecker|first1 =B. L.|last2 = Stotz|first2 = E.|last3 = Hogness| first3 = T. R.|year = 1939 | volume = 128| number = 1| pages = 251–256| doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)73748-4 | doi-access=free }}

Later he worked with Arthur Kornberg on spectroscopic aspects of pyridine nucleotides,{{cite journal | journal = J. Biol. Chem. |title = The extinction coefficients of the reduced band of pyridine nucleotides| last1 = Horecker|first1 = B. L.|last2 =Kornberg|first2 = A.|year = 1948|volume = 175|number = 1| pages = 385–390| doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)57268-9 | pmid=18873313 | doi-access=free }}

with whom he also studied glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.{{cite book | doi= 10.1016/0076-6879(55)01046-X|title = Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase — 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase|last1=Kornberg|first1 = A.|last2 = Horecker|first2 = B. L.| last3 = Smyrniotis| first3 = P. Z.|series = Methods Enzymol.|volume =1|pages = 323–327|year= 1955| isbn=9780121818012 }}

However, he is best known for his work in elucidating the pentose phosphate pathway.{{cite journal | title= The enzymatic conversion of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose-5-phosphate and ribose-5-phosphate|journal = J. Biol. Chem. | last1 = Horecker| first1 = B. L.| last2 = Smyrniotis|first2 =P. Z.|last3= Seegmiller|first3 = J. E.|year = 1951|volume = 193|number = 1 |pages = 383–396|doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52464-4 |pmid = 14907726 |doi-access = free }}

{{cite journal | journal = J. Biol. Chem.| doi=10.1074/jbc.X200007200 |year = 2002|volume = 277|number = 50| pages = 47965–47971|title = The pentose phosphate pathway | doi-access=free | last1=Horecker | first1=Bernard L. | pmid=12403765 }}

Much of his work, especially of the enzymes on aldolase and transaldolase was done in collaboration with Sandro Pontremoli at the University of Genoa.

Horecker published many papers, of which Web of Science {{cite web | url = https://webofscience.com|title = Web of Science}}

lists 450, many of them highly cited. The breadth of his work can be judged from papers on a wide variety of topics, such as galactose oxidase,{{cite journal | journal= J. Biol. Chem. | title = {{sc|d}}-Galactose oxidase of Polyporus circinatus|last1 = Avigad|first1 =G.|last2=Asensio|first2 = C.|last3= Horecker|first3 =B. L.|last4 = Amaral|first4= D.|volume= 237|number = 9|pages=2736–2743|year =1962| doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60220-0| pmid = 13863403| doi-access = free}}

metabolic formation of phosphglycerate,{{cite journal

|journal = J. Biol. Chem. | year = 1956| title = Enzymatic formation of phosphoglyceric acid from ribulose diphosphate and carbon dioxide| last1=Weissbach|first1 = A.| last2 = Horecker| first2 = B. L.| last3 = Hurwitz|first3 = J.|volume= 218|number = 2| pages=795–810| doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65843-0| pmid = 13295231| doi-access = free}}

protein kinase-C,{{cite journal | doi= 10.1073/pnas.82.19.6435|title = Binding of protein kinase-C to neutrophil membranes in the presence of Ca²⁺ and its activation by a Ca²⁺-requiring proteinase|last1 = Melloni|first1=E. |last2 = Pontremoli|first2= S.|last3 = Michetti|first3=M.|last4 = Sacco|first4=O. |last5 = Sparatore|first5=B.|last6 = Salamino|first6= F.|last7 = Horecker|first7= B. L.|journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA|volume= 82 | number = 19 | pages = 6435–6439| year = 1984 | pmid=2995965 | pmc=390731 | doi-access=free }}

release of alkaline phosphatase from bacterial cells{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/bi00900a017 | title = Release of alkaline phosphatase from cells of Escherichia coli upon lysozyme spheroplast formation | journal = Biochemistry | volume = 3I | number = 12 | pages= 1889–1893 | year = 1964| last1 = Malamy|first1=M. H | last2 = Horecker | first2 =B. L.| pmid = 14269305 }}

and prothymosin-α.{{cite journal | doi= 10.1073/pnas.81.4.1008 | title = Prothymosin-α — isolation and properties of the major immunoreactive form of thymosin-α₁ in rat thymus | journal =Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA | volume=81 | number = 4 | pages= 1008–1011 | last1 = Haritos | first1 =A. A. | last2 = Goodall | first2 = G. J. | last3= Horecker | first3 = B. L. 10.1073/pnas.81.4.1008 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6583693 | pmc = 344752 | bibcode = 1984PNAS...81.1008H | doi-access = free }}

Horecker was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1961, and received many other awards, including the presidency of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (at the time the American Society of Biological Chemists), and was the first recipient of its Merck Award in 1981. In 1952 he received the Paul Lewis Award in Enzyme Chemistry (now the Pfizer Award in Enzyme Chemistry) from the Division of Biological Chemistry of the American Chemical Society.

Horecker was twice nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry,{{cite web | url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=10841|title = Nomination archive | access-date = 8 October 2023}} by Leopold Ružička in 1957, and by Felix Haurowitz in 1961.Information about nominations is not published by the Nobel Foundation until 50 years have elapsed after the nomination, so there is no information available about any nominations that may have been made since 1973.

Bernard Horecker died in Fort Myers, Florida, in 2010, survived by his widow Frances (Goldstein) Horecker.{{fact|date=December 2024}}

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Category:1914 births

Category:2010 deaths

Category:American biochemists

Category:University of Chicago alumni

Category:Cornell University faculty

Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences