Bernard Lyot

An avid reader of the works of Camille Flammarion, he became a member of the Société Astronomique de France in 1915 and made his first observations using the society's telescope on rue Serpente in Paris.[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1952LAstr..66..265D D'Azambuja, L. "L'œuvre de BERNARD LYOT,"] L'Astronomie, Vol. 66, p.266. He soon acquired a {{convert|4|in|mm|adj=on}} telescope and soon upgraded to a {{convert|6|in|mm|adj=on}}. From graduation in 1918 until 1929, he worked as a demonstrator at the École Polytechnique and studied engineering, physics, and chemistry at the University of Paris.

From 1920 until his death he worked for the Meudon Observatory, where in 1930 he earned the title of Joint Astronomer of the Observatory. After gaining the title, he earned a reputation of being an expert of polarized and monochromatic light. Throughout the 1930s, he labored to perfect the coronagraph, which he invented to observe the corona without having to wait for a solar eclipse. Most of this work implied painstaking long observations at the Pic du Midi Observatory. It was an exceptionally good site, free of both air pollution and light pollution but it came with a disadvantage: In the interwar period access to the peak implied mountaineering skills and physical fitness, especially in winter when access was only gained with a long and tiresome ski touring trek on sealskin-fitted skis, a technique mastered by Lyot, a keen sportsman and mountaineer.{{Cite web |title=Comprendre - Histoire de l'observatoire du Pic du Midi |url=https://promenade.imcce.fr/fr/pages5/545.html#th5 |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=promenade.imcce.fr|lang=fr}} Accommodation on site can only be described as spartan, before a powerline, a bigger refuge and a cablecar were built in the early 1950s. In 1938, he showed a movie {{Cite web |title=Flammes du soleil |publisher= CNRS Images |url=https://images.cnrs.fr/video/1348 |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=images.cnrs.fr |language=fr}} of the corona in action to the International Astronomical Union. In 1939, he was elected to the French Academy of Sciences. He became Chief Astronomer at the Meudon Observatory in 1943 and received the Bruce Medal in 1947.

Lyot was the President of the Société astronomique de France, the French astronomical society, from 1945-1947.List of presidents of the Société astronomique de France

He suffered a heart attack while returning from an eclipse expedition in Sudan and died on 2 April 1952, at the age of 55.{{cite journal |title=Bernard Lyot |url=https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/PT.5.031424/full/ |journal=Physics Today |date=2017 |issue=2 |page=9320 |doi=10.1063/PT.5.031424 |bibcode=2017PhT..2017b9320. |access-date=8 February 2021|url-access=subscription }}

• Lunar soil behaves like volcanic dust.
• Mars has sandstorms.
• Improved his coronagraph.
• Made motion pictures of solar prominences and the corona.
• Found spectral lines in the corona.

File:Téléscope Bernard Lyot.jpg

• Coronagraph
• Lyot filter
• Lyot stop
• Lyot depolarizer

Awards

• Lalande Prize from the French Academy of Sciences{{cite web| url = http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/lyot/| title = The Bruce Medalists| accessdate = 18 December 2014| archive-date = 22 April 2001| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010422115221/http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/lyot/| url-status = dead}}
• Janssen Medal from the French Academy of Sciences (1930)
• Prix Jules Janssen, the highest award of the Société astronomique de France(1932)
• Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1939){{cite web|title=Winners of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society|url=http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/268|publisher=Royal Astronomical Society|accessdate=24 February 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525064844/http://www.ras.org.uk/awards-and-grants/awards/268|archivedate=25 May 2011}}
• Howard N. Potts Medal (1942){{cite web| url = http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/lyot/| title = The Bruce Medalists| accessdate = 18 December 2014| archive-date = 22 April 2001| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20010422115221/http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/brucemedalists/lyot/| url-status = dead}}
• Bruce Medal (1947){{cite web|title=Past Winners of the Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal|url=http://astrosociety.org/membership/awards/pastbruce.html|publisher=Astronomical Society of the Pacific|accessdate=24 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721092933/http://astrosociety.org/membership/awards/pastbruce.html|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}
• Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences (1951){{cite web|title=Henry Draper Medal |url=http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |accessdate=24 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126003930/http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/henry-draper-medal.html |archivedate=26 January 2013 }}

Named for him

• Lyot (lunar crater).
• Lyot (Martian crater).
• Minor planet 2452 Lyot.

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Category:1897 births

Category:1952 deaths

Category:Scientists from Paris

Category:20th-century French astronomers

Category:20th-century French inventors

Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences

Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences

Category:Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society

Category:Howard N. Potts Medal recipients

Category:Recipients of the Lalande Prize

Category:University of Paris alumni