Bersi Skáldtorfuson
{{short description|Icelandic skald}}
File:Olav den helliges saga - Skalden Berse - C. Krogh.jpg]]
Bersi SkáldtorfusonThe names can be represented or Anglicized as Bersi/Bessi/Berse/Besse Skáld-Torfuson/Skáldtorfuson/Skald-Torfuson/Skaldtorfuson/Torfuson/Torfasson/Torfason. was an Icelandic skald, active around the year 1000 CE. He was a court poet to Earl Sveinn Hákonarson. During the Battle of Nesjar he was captured by King Óláfr Haraldsson's forces. Three of the four stanzas of his that have survived were ostensibly composed while in captivity.
One lausavísa is attributed to Bersi in the surviving fragments of Óláfs saga helga by Styrmir Kárason. However, the same stanza is attributed to Sigvatr Þórðarson in Heimskringla and to Óttarr svarti in other sagas on St. Óláfr.Poole 1991, p. 95. Styrmir's saga gives some information on Bersi's career in St. Óláfr's service and indicates that he died in 1030.
Bersi was at some point at the court of King Canute the Great where Sigvatr Þórðarson addressed him in verse after they had both received gifts from the king.Monsen 2004, p. 357. Apart from being mentioned in the kings' sagas, Bersi also has a minor role in Grettis saga, chapters 15, 23 and 24, where he asks Earl Sveinn to spare Grettir Ásmundarson's life.Fox 2001, page 54. See [http://www.sacred-texts.com/neu/gre/gre29.htm] for an alternative translation (by William Morris and Eiríkr Magnússon) of the relevant chapter or [http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/grettir.htm] for an edition of the Old Norse text.
Bersi's mother, Skáld-Torfa, was apparently also a poet but none of her works have survived.
Poetry
Bersi Skáldtorfuson: "Flokkr um Óláf" 1-3:
:Hróðrs batt heilan líða
:hagkennanda þenna, :en snarrœki slíku :svarat unnum vér gunnar ; :orð seldum þau elda :úthauðrs boða, trauðir, :knarrar, hapts, sem keyptak, :kynstórs, at við brynju. :Sveins raunir hefk sénar :(snart rekninga bjartar) :þars (svaltungur sungu) :saman fórum vér, stórar ; :elds, munk eigi fylgja :út, hríðboði, síðan, :hests, at hverjum kosti, :Krýpk eigi svá, sveigir :sára linns - í ári :búum ólítinn Áta :öndur þér til handa -, :at herstefnir hafnak :heiðmildr eða þá leiðumk, :ungr kunnak, þar, þrøngvi :þínn, hollvini mína. | :Thou badest this eager :Worshipper of poetryThe original has hagkennandi hróðrs, a kenning for "poet". farewell, :And we could answer :The same, O strife-wont warrior! :It listed me not to be delayed :Longer; therefore I sold :To the noble-born giver of goldThe original kenning is boði elda úthauðrs knarrar; "herald of the fire of the outer land of the knörr", i.e. "herald of the fire of the sea", i.e. "herald of the gold", i.e. "generous man". Hollander substitutes a kenning referring to the dragon Fáfnir who lay on a pile of gold. :Those words as I bought them. :I have seen the great fights :Of Swein; we fared together :Once when the cool bladesThe original has a kenning for "blades"; bjartar svaltungur rekninga, "bright cool tongues of swords". :Afterwards sang loudly; :Never again hereafter :Shall I follow in a host, :O king, any chieftain :More glorious than he. :This year I lie in chains :For a long while in the great ship.The original has a kenning for "ship"; Áta öndurr, "ski of Áti (a sea-king)". :O swinger of the sword! I humble :Myself never so lowly, :That I betray, O wise war king, :My loyal friends or be loath :To have them. In my youth :Among my friends I found thy foe. ::Translation by Monsen and SmithMonsen 2004, p. 253. | :"Depart in peace," thou didst, :prince, bid me, the poet; :and I said the same to :seasoned tree-of-combat.A kenning for "warrior". The kenning in the original is snarrœkir gunnar; "swift tender of gunnr (battle)". See [http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/kennings/wartest.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061215002749/http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/kennings/wartest.html|date=2006-12-15}}. :Unwillingly these words in :weapon-thing returned I :as from the Fáfnir's-treasure's- :Seen have I Svein tested :since we fared together— :sang loud polished swords—in :serious conflicts, ruler. :Never on shipboard shall I, :should whate'er betide me, :in fiercest fray tested :follow a better master. :Crouch I shall not, King, nor :crawl before thee—rather, :let us ready, liege, a :large ship, this year—and so :turn my back on true and :tried friends and aggrieve them. :Young when I was I held dear :him who was your enemy. ::Hollander's translationHollander 1991, p. 285. | |
See also
{{Portal|Iceland}}
References
=Notes=
{{Reflist}}
=Bibliography=
- Björnsson, Eysteinn (2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090328200122/http://www3.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/kennings/kennings.html Lexicon of Kennings: The Domain of Battle].
- Fox, Denton and Hermann Pálsson (translators) (2001). Grettir's Saga. University of Toronto Press. {{ISBN|0-8020-6165-6}}
- Jónsson, Finnur (1931). Lexicon Poeticum. København: S. L. Møllers Bogtrykkeri.
- Hollander, Lee M (editor and translator). (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=qHpwje7-wNkC&q=Heimskringla+:+History+of+the+Kings+of+Norway Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway]. University of Texas Press. {{ISBN|0-292-73061-6}}
- Monsen, Erling (editor and translator) and A. H. Smith (translator) (2004). Heimskringla Or the Lives of the Norse Kings. Kessinger Publishing. {{ISBN|0-7661-8693-8}}
- Poole, Russell G. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ND5Su1szecAC&q=Viking+Poems+on+War+and+Peace Viking Poems on War and Peace]. University of Toronto Press. {{ISBN|0-8020-6789-1}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311031153/http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/skindex/bersi.html Bersi Skáldtorfuson] Extant poetry
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