Beta Serpentis
{{Short description|Binary star system in the constellation Serpens}}
{{Starbox begin
| name = β Serpentis
}}
{{Starbox image
| image=
{{Location mark
|image=Serpens constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=280
|label=|position=right
|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=10|mark_link=β Ser
|x=830|y=208
}}
|caption=Location of β Serpentis (circled)
}}
{{Starbox observe
| epoch = J2000.0
| constell = Serpens
| dec = {{DEC|+15|25|18.5959}}
| appmag_v = {{nowrap|+3.65 (3.68 + 9.7)}}
}}
{{Starbox character
| class = A2 V or A2 IV + K3 V
| r-i =
| variable =
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| parallax = 21.03
| p_error = 0.26
}}
{{Starbox detail
| mass = {{val|1.828|0.027|0.03}}
| radius = 4.195 (equatorial)
3.07 (polar)
| luminosity = {{val|58.17|2.57|2.25}}
| temperature = 6,967 (equatorial)
9,359 (polar)
| metal_fe =
| rotational_velocity = {{val|216.6|8.1|8.7}}
| rotation =
| age_myr = {{val|610|14|35}}
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | name=Zhou, Chow | B=β Ser | F=28 Serpentis | BD=+15°2911 | HD=141003 | HIP=77233 | HR=5867 | SAO=101725 | ADS=9778 | CCDM=15461+1525 | WDS=}}
}}
{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = bet+Ser
}}
{{Starbox end}}
Beta Serpentis, Latinized from β Serpentis, also named Zhou, is a binary star system in the constellation Serpens, in its head (Serpens Caput). It is visible to the naked eye with a combined apparent visual magnitude of +3.65. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 21.03 mas as seen from Earth, it is located around 155 light years from the Sun. The system is a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group.
Components
The visual magnitude +3.68 primary, component A, is either an ordinary A-type main-sequence star or somewhat evolved subgiant with a stellar classification of A2 V or A2 IV, respectively. The star is about 610 million years old with 1.8 the mass of the Sun. It is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of 216.6 km/s, which causes it to have an oblate shape, as well as hotter temperatures in the poles due to gravity darkening. The equatorial radius measures {{solar radius|4.2}} and has an effective temperature of 6,967 K, while the polar radius measures {{solar radius|3.07}} and has an effective temperature of 9,359 K.
The secondary component, visual magnitude 9.7 B, lies at an angular separation of 30.6 arc seconds. It is a main-sequence star with a class of K3 V.
There is a magnitude +10.98 visual companion, designated component C, located 202 arcseconds away.
Nomenclature
It was a member of indigenous Arabic asterism al-Nasaq al-Sha'āmī, "the Northern Line" of al-Nasaqān "the Two Lines", along with β Her (Kornephoros), γ Her (Hejian, Ho Keen) and γ Ser (Zheng, Ching).
According to the catalogue of stars in the Technical Memorandum 33-507 - A Reduced Star Catalog Containing 537 Named Stars, al-Nasaq al-Sha'āmī or Nasak Shamiya were the title for three stars: β Ser as Nasak Shamiya I, γ Ser as Nasak Shamiya II, γ Her as Nasak Shamiya III (exclude β Her).
In Chinese, {{lang|zh|天市右垣}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán}}), meaning Right Wall of Heavenly Market Enclosure, refers to an asterism which represents eleven old states in China and which marks the right borderline of the enclosure, consisting of β Serpentis, β Herculis, γ Herculis, κ Herculis, γ Serpentis, δ Serpentis, α Serpentis, ε Serpentis, δ Ophiuchi, ε Ophiuchi and ζ Ophiuchi.{{in lang|zh}} 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}. Consequently, the Chinese name for β Serpentis itself is {{lang|zh|天市右垣五}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Tiān Shì Yòu Yuán wu}}, {{langx|en|the Fifth Star of Right Wall of Heavenly Market Enclosure}}), represent Zhou (周) (possibly Chow, the dynasty in China),{{in lang|zh}} [http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060624.html AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy) 天文教育資訊網 2006 年 6 月 24 日] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404010915/http://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ap060624.html |date=2019-04-04 }}{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm#HeavenlyMarketEnclosure English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810114313/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm |date=2010-08-10 }}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010. together with η Capricorni and 21 Capricorni in Twelve States (asterism). The IAU Working Group on Star Names approved the name Zhou for this star on 5 December 2024 and it is now so entered in the IAU Catalog of Star Names.
References
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{{Stars of Serpens|state=collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beta Serpentis}}
Category:A-type main-sequence stars
Category:K-type main-sequence stars