Betty Diamond

Betty Diamond received her B.A. in Art History (Magna Cum) from Radcliffe College in 1969 and her M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1973. In 1976 she began her residency at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY and in 1979 embarked on post-doctoral fellowship in Immunology with Dr. Matthew Scharff at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.{{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Betty |title=Not Dead Yet |journal=Annual Review of Immunology |date=26 April 2023 |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065214 |pmid=37126416 |s2cid=258368440 |issn=0732-0582|doi-access=free }}{{cite web |title=Betty Diamond, MD |url=https://feinstein.northwell.edu/institutes-researchers/our-researchers/betty-diamond-md |website=Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research |access-date=28 April 2023 }}

Diamond has been on the faculty and chief of rheumatology at both Einstein and Columbia. She is currently head of the Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Disease at The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Professor of Molecular Medicine at Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine. She has been on the board of the American College of Rheumatology, is past president of the American Association of Immunology, and is a member of the Institute of Medicine. She is also past chair of the scientific advisory board of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and has been on their Scientific Council.{{cite web |title=Our Team |url=https://autoimmune.org/about-us/our-team/?tab=board-of-directors |website=Autoimmune Association |access-date=28 April 2023}}{{cite web |title=Betty Diamond, MD {{!}} Scientific Advisory Board |url=https://curearthritis.org/scientists/betty-diamond/ |website=Arthritis National Research Foundation {{!}} Funding Research To Cure Arthritis |access-date=28 April 2023}}{{cite web |title=Molecular Medicine An Interview with Betty Diamond |url=https://www.leadersmag.com/issues/2020.1_Jan/Women%20Leaders/LEADERS-Betty-Diamond-Feinstein-Institutes-for-Medical-Research.html |website=Leaders Online |date=2020 |access-date=28 April 2023}}

Diamond helped to establish (and named) the Advancing Women in Science and Medicine group at the Feinstein Institutes in 2010. AWSM (pronounced “awesome”) uses philanthropic support to help advance the careers of women scientists, countering gender bias and increasing gender equity.{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Julianne Mosher |title=Betty Diamond receives Women in Medicine and Science Leadership Award {{!}} Northwell Health |url=https://www.northwell.edu/news/the-latest/betty-diamond-receives-women-in-medicine-and-science-leadership-award |website=Northwell Health News |date= 3 October 2022 |access-date=1 May 2023 }}

Diamond's primary interests are in the mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance of autoreactive B cells,{{cite journal |last1=Venkatesh |first1=Jeganathan |last2=Peeva |first2=Elena |last3=Xu |first3=Xiaonan |last4=Diamond |first4=Betty |title=Cutting Edge: Hormonal Milieu, Not Antigenic Specificity, Determines the Mature Phenotype of Autoreactive B Cells |journal=The Journal of Immunology |date=15 March 2006 |volume=176 |issue=6 |pages=3311–3314 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.176.6.3311 |pmid=16517697 |s2cid=1255454 |doi-access=free }}{{cite book |last1=Coico |first1=Richard |last2=Sunshine |first2=Geoffrey |title=Immunology: A Short Course |date=14 January 2009 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-470-08158-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lxcj-PlALiIC&pg=PA184 }}

and the defects in these mechanisms that are present in autoimmune disease, as well as the role of antibodies in brain disease.{{cite web |last1=Meislin |first1=Margy |title=LRA and LT Congratulate Betty Diamond, MD on Election to the National Academy of Sciences |url=https://www.lupusresearch.org/lra-and-lt-congratulate-betty-diamond-md-on-election-to-the-national-academy-of-sciences/ |website=Lupus Research |access-date=28 April 2023 |date=11 May 2022}}{{cite journal |last1=Kowal |first1=Czeslawa |last2=DeGiorgio |first2=Lorraine A. |last3=Lee |first3=Ji Y. |last4=Edgar |first4=Mark A. |last5=Huerta |first5=Patricio T. |last6=Volpe |first6=Bruce T. |last7=Diamond |first7=Betty |title=Human lupus autoantibodies against NMDA receptors mediate cognitive impairment |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=26 December 2006 |volume=103 |issue=52 |pages=19854–19859 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0608397104 |pmid=17170137 |pmc=1702320 |issn=0027-8424 |doi-access=free }}

Diamond identified the first idiotype marker on anti-DNA antibodies in patients with lupus,{{cite journal |last1=Halpern |first1=R |last2=Schiffenbauer |first2=J |last3=Solomon |first3=G |last4=Diamond |first4=B |title=Detection of masked anti-DNA antibodies in lupus sera by a monoclonal anti-idiotype |journal=The Journal of Immunology |date=1 October 1984 |volume=133 |issue=4 |pages=1852–1856 |doi=10.4049/jimmunol.133.4.1852 |pmid=6332136 |s2cid=25611127 |issn=0022-1767|doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Kohler |first1=Heinz |title=Superantibodies |journal=Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology |date=2000 |volume=83 |issue=1–3 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1385/ABAB:83:1-3:1 |pmid=10826945 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1278730/000127861504000008/art2.pdf}} and discovered that anti-DNA antibodies in patients and mice shared characteristics with antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharide. Diamond showed that a single base change in a protective anti-pneumococcal antibody could convert it into a potentially pathogenic anti-DNA antibody. She also found that a peptide that binds to 50% of anti-DNA antibodies in lupus patients and mice represents an epitope on glutamate receptors of the brain and can destroy neurons. Antibodies against the epitope are present in the cerebrospinal fluid and in brain tissue of patients with neuropsychiatric lupus.{{cite journal |last1=Kivity |first1=Shaye |last2=Katzav |first2=Aviva |last3=Arango |first3=Maria Teresa |last4=Landau-Rabi |first4=Moran |last5=Zafrir |first5=Yaron |last6=Agmon-Levin |first6=Nancy |last7=Blank |first7=Miri |last8=Anaya |first8=Juan-Manuel |last9=Mozes |first9=Edna |last10=Chapman |first10=Joab |last11=Shoenfeld |first11=Yehuda |title=16/6-idiotype expressing antibodies induce brain inflammation and cognitive impairment in mice: the mosaic of central nervous system involvement in lupus |journal=BMC Medicine |date=4 April 2013 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=90 |doi=10.1186/1741-7015-11-90 |pmid=23556432 |pmc=3616817 |issn=1741-7015 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Bosch |first1=Xavier |last2=Ramos-Casals |first2=Manuel |last3=Khamashta |first3=Munther A. |title=The DWEYS peptide in systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Trends in Molecular Medicine |date=April 2012 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=215–223 |doi=10.1016/j.molmed.2012.01.008 |pmid=22365619 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2012.01.008 |issn=1471-4914|url-access=subscription }} Her work provides a mechanism for aspects of neuropsychiatric lupus, and more generally for acquired changes in cognition and behavior.{{cite journal |last1=Stock |first1=AD |last2=Wen |first2=J |last3=Putterman |first3=C |title=Neuropsychiatric Lupus, the Blood Brain Barrier, and the TWEAK/Fn14 Pathway. |journal=Frontiers in Immunology |date=25 December 2013 |volume=4 |pages=484 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2013.00484 |pmid=24400009 |pmc=3872310 |issn=1664-3224 |doi-access=free }}{{cite news |last1=Jancin |first1=Bruce |title=ACE inhibitors may improve neuropsychiatric lupus |url=https://www.mdedge.com/rheumatology/article/198837/lupus-connective-tissue-diseases/ace-inhibitors-may-improve |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=MDedge Rheumatology |date=13 April 2019 }}{{cite journal |last1=Kivity |first1=Shaye |last2=Agmon-Levin |first2=Nancy |last3=Zandman-Goddard |first3=Gisele |last4=Chapman |first4=Joab |last5=Shoenfeld |first5=Yehuda |title=Neuropsychiatric lupus: a mosaic of clinical presentations |journal=BMC Medicine |date=4 March 2015 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=43 |doi=10.1186/s12916-015-0269-8 |pmid=25858312 |pmc=4349748 |issn=1741-7015 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |last1=Govoni |first1=Marcello |last2=Hanly |first2=John G |title=The management of neuropsychiatric lupus in the 21st century: still so many unmet needs? |journal=Rheumatology |date=5 December 2020 |volume=59 |issue=Supplement_5 |pages=v52–v62 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/keaa404 |pmid=33280014 |pmc=7719041 |url=https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/59/Supplement_5/v52/6024732}} Diamond also studies the role that hormones may play in the development of lupus.{{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Betty |last2=Huerta |first2=Patricio T. |last3=Mina-Osorio |first3=Paola |last4=Kowal |first4=Czeslawa |last5=Volpe |first5=Bruce T. |title=Losing your nerves? Maybe it's the antibodies |journal=Nature Reviews Immunology |date=June 2009 |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=449–456 |doi=10.1038/nri2529 |pmid=19424277 |pmc=2783680 |issn=1474-1741}}{{cite journal |last1=Petri |first1=M |title=Sex hormones and systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Lupus |date=May 2008 |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=412–415 |doi=10.1177/0961203308090026 |pmid=18490418 |s2cid=7730215 |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203308090026 |issn=0961-2033|url-access=subscription }}

• 2022, Presidential Gold Medal, American College of Rheumatology (ACR){{cite news |last1=American College of Rheumatology |title=American College of Rheumatology announces 2022 award recipients |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/967393 |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=EurekAlert! |date=11 October 2022 }}
• 2022, Elected Member of the National Academy of Sciences{{cite web |title=National Academy of Sciences Elects Members and International Members |url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2022-nas-election.html |website=NAS Online |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |date=3 May 2022 |access-date=14 July 2022}}{{cite news |title=Feinstein Institutes' Betty Diamond Elected to the National Academy of Sciences |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220504006058/en/Feinstein-Institutes%E2%80%99-Betty-Diamond-Elected-to-the-National-Academy-of-Sciences |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=Businesswire |date=4 May 2022 }}
• 2022, Women in Medicine and Science Leadership Award, Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC){{cite news |last1=Allen |first1=Julianne Mosher |title=Feinstein Institutes' Betty Diamond receives Women in Medicine and Science Leadership Award |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20221003005944/en/Feinstein-Institutes%E2%80%99-Betty-Diamond-receives-Women-in-Medicine-and-Science-Leadership-Award |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=Businesswire |date=3 October 2022 }}
• 2011, Mentor Award, American College of Rheumatology{{cite news |last1=Quinn |first1=Richard |title=ACR Honors Contributions to Rheumatology - Page 3 of 10 |url=https://www.the-rheumatologist.org/article/acr-honors-contributions-to-rheumatology/3/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=The Rheumatologist |date=13 January 2012}}
• 2008, Evelyn V. Hess research Award, Lupus Foundation of America, Inc.{{cite web |title=Evelyn V. Hess, MD, MACP, MACR Award |url=https://www.lupus.org/career-development-for-researchers/evelyn-v-hess-md-award |website=Lupus Foundation of America |access-date=28 April 2023 }}
• 2006, Member, Institute of Medicine{{cite web |title=Betty A. Diamond, M.D. |url=https://www.aai.org/About/History/Past-Presidents-and-Officers/BettyADiamond |website=The American Association of Immunologists |access-date=28 April 2023}}
• 2006, Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS){{cite web |title=AAAS Fellows |url=https://www.aaas.org/sites/default/files/AnnualReports/2006/aaas_ar06_2223_fellows.pdf |website=American Association for the Advancement of Science |access-date=28 April 2023}}
• 2005, Klemperer award, American College of Rheumatology Institute of Medicine
• 2004, Recognition Award, National Association of MD-PhD Programs{{cite web|title=About Us: Scientific Advisors|url=http://www.lupusresearchinstitute.org/about/scientific_advisors|work=Lupus Research Institute|accessdate=1 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727052014/http://www.lupusresearchinstitute.org/about/scientific_advisors|archive-date=27 July 2011|url-status=dead}}
• 2004, Einstein Honorary Alumni Award, Albert Einstein College of Medicine{{cite web |title=Alumni Awards |url=https://www.einsteinmed.edu/alumni/recognize/awards/ |website=Alumni {{!}} Albert Einstein College of Medicine |access-date=28 April 2023}}
• 2004, Klemperer Award New York Academy of Medicine and Arthritis Foundation (NY Chapter)
• 2002, Lee Howley Award, Arthritis Foundation{{cite web |title=Past Howley Prize Recipients |url=https://www.arthritis.org/science/impact/past-howley-prize-recipients |website=The Arthritis Foundation |access-date=28 April 2023 }}
• 2001, Outstanding Investigator Award, American College of Rheumatology{{cite web|title=ACR Past Awards of Distinction Recipients|url=http://www.rheumatology.org/membership/awards/awardwinners.pdf|work=American College of Rheumatology|accessdate=1 August 2011}}
• 2000, Scientific Leadership Award, SLE Lupus Foundation{{cite web|title=New Investigators Supported|url=http://www.lupusny.org/lupus-research/investigators#2000|work=S.L.E. Lupus Foundation|accessdate=1 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814003342/http://www.lupusny.org/lupus-research/investigators#2000|archive-date=14 August 2011|url-status=dead}}

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Category:1948 births

Category:Living people

Category:American immunologists

Category:American rheumatologists

Category:Harvard Medical School alumni

Category:Radcliffe College alumni

Category:Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences

Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine