Bhojpuri music

Origin of Bhojpuri music is quite unclear but the earliest form of Bhojpuri music song today is Nirguna was used to be sung by Kabir.{{Cite journal|date=1982|title=The Journal of Intercultural Studies|journal=Intercultural Research Institute|volume=9|pages=96–100}} Earlier on event occasions like Chhath or wedding these folks songs were used to be sung by people.

When Bhojpuriyas were taken as plantation workers in British colonies, globalisation of [https://pagalworld76.wapkiz.com/site-bhojpuri.html Bhojpuri music] took place and it extended its radius in counties like Mauritius, Netherlands and Caribbean Islands. It also mixed with the folk or modern music form of that countries. This led to the birth of distinct diaspora genres reflecting processes of adaptation and creolisation. Examples include Geet Gawai in Mauritius, where songs often blend Bhojpuri and Mauritian Creole and address new themes related to migration and island life while serving as a key means of language preservation. Baithak Gana in Suriname, and Chutney music in Trinidad and Tobago. Chutney music, in particular, evolved from Bhojpuri wedding songs performed primarily by women into a public genre incorporating Western instruments, Soca rhythms, and increasingly English lyrics alongside Bhojpuri, exemplified by pioneers like Sundar Popo..{{Cite book|last=Broughton Simon, and Mark Ellingham|title="Trinidad: Chutney." World music: the Rough guide : [an A-Z of the music, musicians and discs.. London: The Rough Guides|publisher=Print|year=2000}}Peter Manuel, "Chutney and Indo-Trinidadian cultural identity," Popular Music 17:1 (1998): 37 JSTOR, Online (4 December 2007).{{Cite book|last=Dinkar|first=Ramahari S.|title=Smarananjali}}{{Cite book |title=Oral Literary World |editor-last=Marzagora |editor-first=Sara |pages=145-165 |language=En}}

The modern form of Bhojpuri music generated from Bollywood movies of 1950s. Later after the release of the first Bhojpuri Film Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo the modernisation of Bhojpuri folk songs happened along with a generation of Modern Bhojpuri music.

Bhojpuri Folk music can be classified on several basis:

These songs are sung on various occasions, events and religious rituals:

1. Child Birth: Song that are sung on the birth of a child are called Sohar.
2. Mundan : These are sung during Mundan.
3. Marriage : There are several different songs that are sung in the different marriage rituals.

Different caste in Bhojpuri region have their own folk songs. Biraha belongs to the Ahir or Yadav caste, some songs belong to Dusadh, Kaharwa to Kanhars and so on.

Many songs are sung in a particular season or month like Kajari in Sawan, Phaguwa in Phalguna etc.

Bhojpuri has vast traditions of music which includes semi classical Hindustani Music. Folk songs genre like Thumri, Kajari, Hori Purabi and Chaiti is considered to be semi classical.

The traditional music of Bhojpuri is either sung is special occasions like weddings, child birth, festivals or in every month of Vikram Samvat.

• Barahmasa : Barahmasa refers to songs describing a widow's pain of separation each month of the year.{{Cite book |last=उपाध्याय |first=कृष्णदेव |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e7njAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A5%A4+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%83+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80 |title=भोजपुरी और उसका साहित्य: भोजपुरी-भाषा और साहित्य का परिचयात्मक विश्लेषण |date=1957 |publisher=Sarasvatī Sahakāra kī aura se prakāśaka Rājakamala Prakāśana |language=hi}}
• Biraha : The word Biraha is derived from the Sanskrit word virah which means separation. Birha is a lengthy narrative tale which is sung to a series of melodic fragments.{{Cite book|last=Manuel|first=Peter|title=Cassette Culture: Popular Music and Technology in North India}}
• Chaiti : Chaiti is sung during the Chait month (March-April), celebrating the arrival of spring. These songs are filled with the joys of nature’s rebirth, making them a symbol of hope and renewal.
• Chhath Geet : It is sung during Chhath Puja. These songs praise the Sun God and Chhathi Maiya and express the fasting people’s enthusiasm and faith. The songs also tell about the importance of natural resources, and the conservation and use of diversity for the benefit of human welfare.{{Cite book |last1=Sthapit |first1=Bhuwon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNgmDAAAQBAJ&dq=The+songs+sung+on+this+occasion+tell+about+the+importance+of+natural+resources%2C+and+the+conservation+and+use+of+diversity+for+the+benefit+of+human+welfare.&pg=PA219 |title=Tropical Fruit Tree Diversity: Good practices for in situ and on-farm conservation |last2=Lamers |first2=Hugo |last3=Rao |first3=Ramanatha |last4=Bailey |first4=Arwen |date=2016-05-12 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-63622-9 |language=en}}
• Godhan Geet : These songs are sung on the occasion of Godhan festival.{{Cite book |last=चौहान |first=विद्या |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W2BXD-97HLQC&q=Godhan+geet+bhojpuri |title=लोकगीतों की सांस्कृतिक पृष्ठभूमि: भोजपुरी और अवाधी के संदर्भ में |date=1972 |publisher=Pragati Prakāśana |language=hi}}
• Godna Geet : Traditional songs for tattooing rituals.{{Cite book |last=उपाध्याय |first=अनीता |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWljAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4 |title=अवधी और भोजपुरी लोकगीतों का सासाजिक स्वरूप |date=2005 |publisher=Darpaṇa Prakāśana |language=hi}}
• Janeo Geet : These songs are sung during Upnayan Sanskar (sacred thread ceremony).{{Cite book |last=Vidyarthi |first=Lalita Prasad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aB3aAAAAMAAJ&q=bhojpuri+janeu+sacred+thread+ceremony+song |title=Essays in Indian Folklore: Papers Presented to the Centenary Festival of Rai Bahadur S. C. Roy |date=1973 |publisher=Indian Publications |language=en}}
• Jantsar : These songs are sung by women while grinding something in a hand-mill made of stone (jāṃtā). These songs describe the hard and painful labour undergone by women who grind wheat in heavy Grinding wheel.{{Cite book |last=Boodhoo |first=Dr Sarita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CF2oEAAAQBAJ&dq=jantsar+bhojpuri&pg=PT120 |title=Geet Gawai (Bhojpuri Folk Songs in Mauritius): Geet Gawai (Bhojpuri Folk Songs in Mauritius) by Boodhoo, Dr. Sarita: Preserving the Rich Cultural Heritage of Bhojpuri Music in Mauritius |date=2023-01-19 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-95386-74-6 |language=en}}
• Jhijhiya : Jhijhiya songs are sung during Durga Puja.{{Cite book |last=Nandan |first=Subodh Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vW21EAAAQBAJ&dq=Jhijhiya+song+bhojpuri&pg=PT69 |title=Bihar Ke Parva-Tyohar Aur Khanpan: Bestseller Book by Subodh Kumar Nandan: Bihar Ke Parva-Tyohar Aur Khanpan |date=2023-03-24 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-90825-18-9 |language=hi}}
• Jhumar : The Jhumar is a song of gaiety sung on festive occasions, especially weddings.{{Cite book |last=Boodhoo |first=Sarita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xoMRAQAAIAAJ&q=Jhumar+bhojpuri |title=Kanya Dan: The Why's of Hindu Marriage Rituals |date=1993 |publisher=Mauritius Bhojpuri Institute |isbn=978-99903-902-0-9 |language=en}}
• Kajari : Kajari is sung during the season of Monsoon or in the month of Sawan.
• Lachari : These are amusing, gently teasing songs sung by women during wedding ceremonies.{{Cite book |last1=Myers |first1=Helen Priscilla |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7OacDwAAQBAJ&dq=Lachari+bhojpuri&pg=PA149 |title=Storytime in India: Wedding Songs, Victorian Tales, and the Ethnographic Experience |last2=Pandey |first2=Umesh Chandra |date=2019-06-14 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-04165-4 |language=en}}
• Nirbani : These songs are sung on the occasion of Marriage by Chamar women.
• Nirgun : Nirgun songs are spiritual in nature and focus on the formless and attribute-less divine, often praising Lord Rama, Lord Krishna, or other deities. These songs carry profound philosophical messages and delve into the deeper meaning of life and existence.{{Cite web |title=Resonating Rhythms: Exploring the Rich Tapestry of Bhojpuri Folk Songs of Bihar – The Cultural Heritage of India |url=https://cultureandheritage.org/2023/05/resonating-rhythms-exploring-the-rich-tapestry-of-bhojpuri-folk-songs-of-bihar.html |access-date=2023-12-03 |language=en-GB}}
• Pachra : It is a song genre sung in the praise of Goddess Durga. It is sung on various auspicious occasions including Durga Puja.{{Cite book |last=Bahadur) |first=Sarat Chandra Roy (Rai |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1QLAAAAIAAJ&q=pachra+song |title=Man in India |date=1978 |publisher=A. K. Bose |language=en}}
• Pidiya Geet : These songs are sung on the occasion of Pidiya festival. Pidiya songs describe the love between brothers and sisters.{{Cite book |last=Jaina |first=Śānti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7JVjAAAAMAAJ&q=Pidiya+bhojpuri |title=R̥tugīta: svara aura svarūpa |date=1992 |publisher=Ayana Prakāśana |language=hi}}
• Ropani : Ropani songs are sung while transplanting paddy.
• Sama Chakeva Geet : These songs are sung in the Shukla Paksha of Kartik month (October-November) during the Sama Chakeva festival.{{Cite book |last=Rannjan |first=Dr Manish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=espdEAAAQBAJ&dq=sama+chakeva+bhojpuri+bihar+2022&pg=PA96 |title=Bihar General Knowledge 2022 for BPSC & Other Competitive Exams: Bestseller Book by Dr. Manish Rannjan: Bihar General Knowledge 2022 for BPSC & Other Competitive Exams |date=2022-02-10 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-5488-165-7 |language=en}}
• Sohani : Sohani songs are sung while weeding the fields{{Cite book |last=Deva |first=Indra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDfaAAAAMAAJ&q=ropani+song+bhojpuri |title=Folk Culture and Peasant Society in India |date=1989 |publisher=Rawat |isbn=978-81-7033-074-5 |language=en}}
• Sohar : Sohar is sung on the occasion of child birth.{{Cite book|last=Dundes|first=Alan|title=Varia Folklorica|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2011|isbn=978-3110807721|pages=224}}
• Thumri : Thumri is a light classical Bhojpuri music genre focusing on romantic and devotional themes.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFfVAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 |title=Bhāratīya sāhitya |date=1973 |publisher=Agra University. K.M. Institute of Hindi Studies and Linguistics. |language=hi}}{{Cite book |last=Manuel |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PlNShmx3x68C&dq=Thumri+Bhojpuri&pg=PA4 |title=Ṭhumrī in Historical and Stylistic Perspectives |date=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0673-3 |language=en}}

Modernisation of Bhojpuri Music started with Bollywood songs like Nain Lad Jaihe.{{Cite book|last=Premchand|first=Manek|title=Yesterday's Melodies Today's Memories|publisher=Motion Press|year=2018|isbn=978-1644298770}}

Bhojpuri Music is sung internationally in different countries. Some of them are Lokgeet in Fiji, Chutney Music, Soca Music, Chutney Soca in Trinidad and Guyana, Baithak Gana in Suriname, Geet Gawai in Mauritius and Taal Talaiya.

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Category:Music of Nepal

Bihar

Category:Indian styles of music