Bicentennial Man (film)

{{short description|1999 American science fiction comedy-drama film by Chris Columbus}}

{{Infobox film

| name = Bicentennial Man

| image = Bicentennial_man_film_poster.jpg

| alt =

| caption = Theatrical release poster

| director = Chris Columbus

| producer = {{Plainlist|

Wolfgang Petersen
Gail Katz
Laurence Mark
Neal Miller
Chris Columbus
Mark Radcliffe
Michael Barnathan

}}

| screenplay = Nicholas Kazan

| based_on = {{Plainlist|

{{Based on|The Bicentennial Man|Isaac Asimov}}
{{Based on|The Positronic Man
by Isaac Asimov
Robert Silverberg}}

}}

| starring = {{Plainlist|

}}

| music = James Horner

| cinematography = Phil Méheux

| editing = Neil Travis

| studio = {{Plainlist|

Touchstone Pictures
Columbia Pictures
1492 Pictures
Laurence Mark Productions
Radiant Productions

}}

| distributor = {{Plainlist|

Buena Vista Pictures Distribution
(North America)
Columbia TriStar Film Distributors International (International)

}}

| released = {{Film date|1999|12|17|United States}}

| runtime = 132 minutes

| country = United States

| language = English

| budget = $90-100 million

| gross = $87.4 million{{cite web |title=Bicentennial Man (1999) - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Bicentennial-Man-(1999)#tab=summary |website=The Numbers |access-date=2021-01-20 |archive-date=2021-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822180006/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Bicentennial-Man-(1999)#tab=summary |url-status=live }}

}}

Bicentennial Man is a 1999 American science fiction comedy-drama film starring Robin Williams, Sam Neill, Embeth Davidtz (in a dual role), Wendy Crewson and Oliver Platt. Based on the 1992 novel The Positronic Man by Isaac Asimov and Robert Silverberg (which is based on Asimov's original 1976 novelette "The Bicentennial Man"), the plot explores issues of humanity, slavery, prejudice, maturity, intellectual freedom, conformity, sex, love, mortality and immortality. The film, a co-production by Touchstone Pictures and Columbia Pictures, was directed by Chris Columbus. The title derives from the main character existing to the age of two hundred years.

Bicentennial Man was released by Buena Vista Pictures Distribution in the United States and internationally by Columbia TriStar Film Distributors International on December 17, 1999, and received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics. It was a box office bomb, grossing $87.4 million against a $90–100 million budget.{{Cite web |title=Biggest movie flops: The 42 biggest box-office bombs |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/biggest-movie-flops-box-office-bombs/ |access-date=July 21, 2022 |website=CBS News |date=17 November 2021 |archive-date=July 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721184516/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/biggest-movie-flops-box-office-bombs/ |url-status=live }} It was the last work of production designer Norman Reynolds before his retirement.{{cite news|url = https://deadline.com/2023/04/norman-reynolds-dead-production-designer-star-wars-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1235319494/|title = Norman Reynolds Dies: Oscar-Winning 'Star Wars' & 'Raiders of the Lost Ark' Production Designer Was 89|last = Evans|first = Greg|date = 6 April 2023|accessdate = 6 April 2023|work = Deadline Hollywood|archive-date = 21 May 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230521165800/https://deadline.com/2023/04/norman-reynolds-dead-production-designer-star-wars-raiders-of-the-lost-ark-1235319494/|url-status = live}}

Makeup artist Greg Cannom was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Makeup at the 72nd Academy Awards. The theme song of the film, "Then You Look at Me", was written by James Horner and Will Jennings and sung by Celine Dion.{{cite web |url=https://moviemusicuk.us/1999/12/17/bicentennial-man-james-horner/ |first=Jonathan |last=Broxton |title=Bicentennial Man – James Horner |website=Movie Music UK |date=December 17, 1999 |access-date=January 15, 2018 |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813001213/https://moviemusicuk.us/1999/12/17/bicentennial-man-james-horner/ |url-status=live }}

Plot

On April 3, 2005, the NDR series robot "Andrew" is introduced into the Martin family home to perform housekeeping and maintenance duties and introduces himself by showing a presentation of the Three Laws of Robotics. The eldest daughter Grace despises Andrew, but her younger sister Amanda is sympathetic to him, and Andrew discovers he feels emotions, and is drawn to spend more time with his "Little Miss". He accidentally breaks one of her glass figurines and is able to carve a new one out of wood, which surprises her father Richard. He takes Andrew to NorthAm Robotics to inquire if Andrew's creativity was part of his programming. NorthAm's CEO Dennis Mansky claims this is a problem and offers to scrap Andrew, but instead Richard takes Andrew back home and encourages him to continue his creativity and explore other humanities. Andrew becomes a clockmaker and earns a sizable fortune managed by Richard after they find that robots have no rights under current laws.

Time passes, and Richard encourages Dennis to retrofit Andrew with the ability to present facial expressions to match his emotions. About two decades after being awoken, Andrew presents Richard with all the money he has made to ask for his freedom. Wounded by this, Richard refuses, but grants Andrew his independence on the condition that he may no longer reside at the Martin home. Andrew builds his own home by the beach. In 2048, Richard is on his death bed, and apologizes to Andrew for banishing him all those years ago.

Following Richard's death, Andrew goes on a quest to find other NDR robots that are like him, frequently communicating back to Amanda, who has since married and divorced, and has a son Lloyd and granddaughter Portia. In 2068, during his quest, Andrew discovers Galatea, an NDR robot that has been modified with a female personality and traits. Andrew becomes interested in how Galatea was modified by Rupert Burns, the son of the original NDR designer, and finds he has a number of potential ideas to help make robots appear more human-like. Andrew agrees to fund Rupert's work and to be a test subject and is soon given a human-like appearance. Andrew finally returns to the Martin home in 2088 and finds that Amanda has grown old while Portia looks much like her grandmother at her age. Portia is initially cautious of Andrew, but soon accepts him as part of the Martin family.

When Amanda dies, Andrew realizes that all those he cares for will also pass on. He presents ideas to Rupert to create artificial organs that not only can be used in humans to prolong their lives but also to replace Andrew's mechanical workings. Andrew gains the ability to eat, feel emotions and sensations, and even have sexual relationships, resulting in him and Portia falling in love. Andrew petitions the World Congress to recognize him as a human as to allow him to marry Portia, but the body expresses concern that an immortal human will cause jealousy from others. Andrew returns to Rupert for one last operation: to change the artificial fluids driving his body into a blood equivalent. Rupert cautions him that the blood will not last forever, causing his body to age and will die eventually, a fate Andrew accepts. Several decades afterwards, a now visibly aged Andrew again approaches the World Congress, with Portia as support, to appeal their past decision, wanting to be able to die with dignity.

On April 2, 2205, with Andrew's body deteriorating, he and Portia are both under life support monitored by Galatea, now with a human appearance. They hold hands and watch the World Congress as they recognize Andrew as a human being, the world's oldest at 200 years, and giving all rights confirmed by that, including validating his marriage to Portia. Andrew dies during the broadcast, which is confirmed by Galatea while Portia asserts that Andrew already knew the answer. After ordering Galatea to turn off her life support, Portia soon dies, hand-in-hand with Andrew as she whispers to him "See you soon".

Cast

Robin Williams as Andrew Martin, an NDR android servant of the Martin family that seeks to become human. Before Williams was cast, Tim Allen was considered for the role of Andrew Martin, but turned it down due to his commitment on Galaxy Quest.
Sam Neill as Richard "Sir" Martin, the patriarch of the Martin family.
Embeth Davidtz as Amanda "Little Miss" Martin (adult) and Portia Charney; Amanda is a friend of Andrew, the mother of Lloyd and grandmother of Portia while Portia is the daughter of Lloyd, the granddaughter of Amanda and significant other of Andrew.
Hallie Kate Eisenberg as Amanda "Little Miss" Martin (age 7), the younger daughter of the Martin family.
Wendy Crewson as Rachel "Ma'am" Martin, the matriarch of the Martin family.
Oliver Platt as Rupert Burns, the son of the NDR creator that makes androids look more human-like.
Stephen Root as Dennis Mansky
Lynne Thigpen as Marjorie Bota, a later President/Speaker of the World Congress
Bradley Whitford as Lloyd Charney (adult), Amanda's brat son.
Igor Hiller as Lloyd Charney (age 10)
Kiersten Warren as Galatea, the NDR android servant of Rupert and later a servant of the Martin family.
John Michael Higgins as Bill Feingold, the Martin family attorney
George D. Wallace as the President/Speaker of the World Congress
Angela Landis as Grace "Miss" Martin (adult), the spoiled older brat daughter of the Martin family.
Lindze Letherman as Grace "Miss" Martin (age 9)
Jay Johnston as Charles

Production

Walt Disney Studios was concerned about the cost of the film, estimated to be over $100 million, and even though pre-production was underway and sets were already being built they pulled the plug and halted production. The film was originally slated to be released under Disney's Hollywood Pictures label, until it was transferred to Touchstone Pictures during production.{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Michael |date=1998-05-08 |title=Williams reteams with Columbus |url=https://variety.com/1998/film/news/williams-reteams-with-columbus-1117470616/ |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Variety |language=en-US}} Disney chairman Joe Roth came to an agreement with Sony Pictures Entertainment Chairman John Calley, to co-finance the film and agreed to split distribution responsibilities for the film between Touchstone Pictures in North America and Columbia Pictures internationally.{{cite web |date= 17 December 1999 |author= Claudia |title= How 'Bicentennial Man' Survived Near-Death Experience |url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-dec-17-fi-44759-story.html |website= Los Angeles Times |access-date= 7 June 2020 |archive-date= 7 June 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200607185712/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-dec-17-fi-44759-story.html |url-status= live }}

Robin Williams confirmed in a Las Vegas Sun interview that his character was not played by a body double and that he had actually worn the robot costume.{{cite web |last= Neil |first= Dave |title= Robin Williams reveals the mechanics of making 'Bicentennial Man' |date= 23 December 1999 |newspaper= Las Vegas Sun |url= https://lasvegassun.com/news/1999/dec/23/robin-williams-reveals-the-mechanics-of-making-bic/ |access-date= 31 May 2018 |archive-date= 18 September 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170918133400/https://lasvegassun.com/news/1999/dec/23/robin-williams-reveals-the-mechanics-of-making-bic/ |url-status= live }}

Various scenes were shot inside San Francisco City Hall, including the ball scene. The city charged Disney from $5,000 to $20,000 per day, depending on the particular location used for filming. The heat from two 10,000-watt spotlights triggered the fire sprinkler system and which resulted in flooding which caused water damage. Renovations had only recently been completed after a previous flooding incident. Filming was only interrupted for a few hours, but water damage to the ceilings, carpets, and limestone was significant.{{cite web |date=19 June 1999 |author=Yumi Wilson |title=City Hall Doesn't Want to See Sequel to Disney Movie Flood / Stricter regulations on events held there being considered |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/City-Hall-Doesn-t-Want-to-See-Sequel-to-Disney-2924912.php |website=SFGATE |access-date=19 January 2021 |archive-date=27 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127220126/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/City-Hall-Doesn-t-Want-to-See-Sequel-to-Disney-2924912.php |url-status=live }}

Reception

On Rotten Tomatoes Bicentennial Man has an approval rating of 37% based on 99 reviews, with an average rating of 4.40/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Bicentennial Man is ruined by a bad script and ends up being dull and mawkish."{{cite web |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bicentennial_man |title=Bicentennial Man (1999) |website=Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=June 3, 2024 |archive-date=April 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425152050/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bicentennial_man |url-status=live }} On Metacritic it has a weighted average score of 42 out of 100, based on reviews from 31 critics, indicating "mixed reviews".{{cite web |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/bicentennial-man |title=Bicentennial Man Reviews |website=Metacritic |access-date=January 15, 2018 |archive-date=February 27, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227003831/http://www.metacritic.com/movie/bicentennial-man |url-status=live }} Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.{{cite web |title=BICENTENNIAL MAN (1999) A- |url= https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |work= CinemaScore |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181220122629/https://www.cinemascore.com/publicsearch/index/title/ |archive-date= 2018-12-20}}

Roger Ebert gave it two out of four stars: "Bicentennial Man begins with promise, proceeds in fits and starts, and finally sinks into a cornball drone of greeting-card sentiment. Robin Williams spends the first half of the film encased in a metallic robot suit, and when he emerges, the script turns robotic instead. What a letdown".{{cite news |date= December 17, 1999 |first= Roger |last= Ebert |author-link= Roger Ebert |url= https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/bicentennial-man-1999 |title= Bicentennial Man |newspaper= Chicago Sun-Times |access-date= June 1, 2020 |archive-date= June 7, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200607190508/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/bicentennial-man-1999 |url-status= live }} William Arnold of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer said: "[The film] becomes a somber, sentimental and rather profound romantic fantasy that is more true to the spirit of the Golden Age of science-fiction writing than possibly any other movie of the '90s".{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

Todd McCarthy of Variety summed it up as "an ambitious tale handled in a dawdling, sentimental way".{{cite web |date= 10 December 1999 |last= McCarthy |first= Todd |author-link= Todd McCarthy |title= Bicentennial Man |url= https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/bicentennial-man-1200460070/ |website= Variety |access-date= 7 June 2020 |archive-date= 7 June 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200607192313/https://variety.com/1999/film/reviews/bicentennial-man-1200460070/ |url-status= live }}

Accolades

Academy Awards — Best Makeup (lost to Topsy-Turvy)
Blockbuster Entertainment Award — Favorite Actor — Comedy (Robin Williams) (lost to Adam Sandler in Big Daddy){{cite magazine |url=https://variety.com/2000/film/news/blockbuster-entertainment-award-winners-1117781474/ |title=Blockbuster Entertainment Award winners |date=May 9, 2000 |magazine=Variety |access-date=May 20, 2013 |archive-date=May 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520102438/https://variety.com/2000/film/news/blockbuster-entertainment-award-winners-1117781474/ |url-status=live }}
Blockbuster Entertainment Award — Favorite Actress — Comedy (Embeth Davidtz) (lost to Drew Barrymore in Never Been Kissed)
Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Award — Best Character Makeup — Feature (lost to Sleepy Hollow)
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards — Favorite Movie Actor (Robin Williams) (lost to Adam Sandler in Big Daddy)
Razzie Award — Worst Actor (Robin Williams) (lost to Adam Sandler in Big Daddy){{cite web|url=http://www.razzies.com/asp/content/XcNewsPlus.asp?cmd=view&articleid=1|title=1999 Nominees Press Release|last=Wilson|first=John|date=2000-07-12|publisher=Razzies.com|access-date=August 13, 2024|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208195822/http://www.razzies.com/asp/content/XcNewsPlus.asp?cmd=view&articleid=1|archive-date=2012-12-08|url-status=dead}}
Seiun Award — Best Dramatic Presentation (lost to Kōkidō Gensō Gunparade March)
YoungStar Award — Best Young Actress/Performance in a Motion Picture Comedy (Hallie Kate Eisenberg) (lost to Natalie Portman in Where the Heart Is)