Biete Maryam

{{Short description|Monolithic church in Lalibela, Amhara Region, Ethiopia}}

File:Bet Maryam, Lalibela, Ethiopia - panoramio (1).jpg

Biete Maryam is one of the monolithic rock-cut Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site at Lalibela.{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/18|title=Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela|author=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|work=unesco.org}}

File:Display of Procesional Crosses, Church of Bet Maryam, Lalibela, Ethiopia (3230772118).jpg

Like the other churches of Lalibela, its precise date of construction is unknown, although it was built no earlier than the 7th century AD (during the Kingdom of Axum) and no later than the 13th century AD (during the Solomonic dynasty and Ethiopian Empire).{{citation|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/lali/hd_lali.htm|title=The Rock-hewn Churches of Lalibela|author=Windmuller-Luna, Kristen|date=September 2014|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|journal=Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History|location=New York|access-date=27 July 2017}} The churches of Lalibela, including Biete Maryam, are traditionally ascribed to having been built during the reign of the Zagwe dynasty ruler Gebre Mesqel Lalibela (r. ca. 1181–1221). Archaeological analyses have discerned that the ruins of defensive fortifications date to roughly the 8th century AD, while the monolithic rock-cut churches were built in two stages: the first from the 11th to early 12th centuries, and the second phase from the late 12th to early 13th centuries.{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fY0eAAAAQBAJ|title=Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology|chapter=Complex Societies of the Eritrean/Ethiopian Highlands and their Neighbors|author=Phillipson, David|author-link=David Phillipson|year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-956988-5|page=811|postscript= .}}