Big Mama Rag

{{Infobox newspaper

| name = Big Mama Rag

| logo =

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| image = Big Mama Rag volume 1, issue 1, front cover, February 1973.jpg

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| image_alt = The front cover of the first issue of Big Mama Rag, featuring a lineart image of a woman in a sunhat between two potted plants.

| caption = The first issue of BMR (1973)

| motto = "A feminist news journal."

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| format = monthly print newspaper

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| foundation = October 1972

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| language = English

| ceased publication = April 1984

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| headquarters = Denver, Colorado

| publishing_city = Denver, Colorado

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| ISSN = 0277-7533

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| oclc = 23201144

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Big Mama Rag was a radical feminist collective alternative newspaper published monthly from Denver, Colorado, between 1972 and 1984.

History

Big Mama Rag was developed by a collective of feminists that recognized issues with traditional media outlets. The newspaper published eleven issues per year.{{cite thesis |last1=Jacob |first1=Émilie |title=The coverage of the reproductive freedom movement from 1980 to 1993 in American feminist newspapers: Sojourner, Big Mama Rag, off our backs and New Directions for Women |type=Master's thesis|publisher=Rennes 2 University|date=2021|url=https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-03428886}}

Vicki Piotter, Peg Rapp, and Kay Young opened Women to Women Feminist Book Center in Denver in 1974, where many of the young feminists collected. During this time, Piotter was involved with Big Mama Rag.{{cite web |title=Big Mama Rag T-Shirt |url=https://5008.sydneyplus.com/HistoryColorado_ArgusNet_Final/Portal/Portal.aspx?component=AAFW&record=0fae46c7-f48e-44c9-a268-34ebbda84456 |website=History Colorado}} Other members included Chocolate Waters, Jackie St. Joan,{{cite web |last1=Riley |first1=Kathy |title=Forty years ago: The Big Mama Rag newspaper collective |url=https://kathyintransition.blogspot.com/2016/08/forty-years-ago-big-mama-rag-newspaper.html |website=Kathy In Transition|date=23 August 2016 }} Jane Severance,{{cite journal |last1=Crisp |first1=Thomas |title=Setting the Record "Straight": An Interview with Jane Severance |journal= Children's Literature Association Quarterly|date=Spring 2010 |volume=35 |issue=1 |page=87-96 |doi=10.1353/chq.0.1950}} and Kathleen Riley.

Big Mama Rag was part of the Liberation News Service.{{cite web |last1=Meares |first1=Joel |title=7 Pioneering LGBTQ Publications Whose Critics Offer A Rare Insight into Queer Cinematic History |url=https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/article/lgbtq-film-criticism-pioneers/ |website=Rotten Tomatoes|date=May 31, 2020}}

One of the original funders of the newspaper was Denver's Aton Foundation. Big Mama Rag requested additional funds from the Denver Sustaining Fund, but was rejected.{{cite magazine |last1=Sonn |first1=Bill |title=A Split in the Denver Radical Community Big Mama Rag |url= |volume=4|issue= 29 |magazine=Straight Creek Journal |date=July 23, 1974}} The original collective were paid by an association of methodist women, but the grant eventually ran out.

The original founders formed a "core group," which was open to anyone willing to meet twice a week and commit to the work. Most staffers were volunteers, with one paid staff member who had administrative responsibilities. They changed the name from "core group" to "collective" in order to remove the hierarchy associated with the term.{{cite thesis |last1=Allen |first1=Martha |title=The Development of Communication Networks Among Women, 1963–1983 |url=https://www.wifp.org/womens-media/history-of-womens-media/chapter-3/ |via=Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press|date=1988|type=PhD dissertation|publisher=Howard University }}

In 1975, the BMR offices were vandalized. This compounded the newspaper's financial troubles. They saw this as a "deliberate political attack," where advertising and mailing lists, files and equipment were stolen or destroyed.

As of 1980, BMR distributed about 2700 copies per month, and 2100 were free.

Mission and purpose

Big Mama Rag published news items related to feminist and women's liberation topics, including reproductive rights and abortion, civil rights, lesbianism, and legislation. They included film and culture reviews as well.

According to spokesperson Carol Lease, "The purposes of the paper have been defined in a broad context as the communication of news, ideas, to other women, and in a specific context as proving a way for women to get involved in a real way of working to change and enrich their lives."

BMR recognized the hostile environment that mass media created for women's issues, lesbianism, and feminism, and they often published rebuttals to larger publications that addressed these issues insufficiently.

In 1976, staffers attended the Women in Print conference in Omaha, Nebraska. After hearing the needs from women's book publishers, BMR changed their book review process to only include women-owned presses.

They shared extensive coverage about violence against women and pornography. They promoted stories of women who experienced violence and were ignored by mainstream media outlets. They included women in the US as well as international stories, eventually recognizing the inequities suffered by minority women. In 1982, the newspaper and collective received criticism for being an all-white group, and the newspaper was seen as a white middle-class paper. Their issues attempted to address the problem with articles and special issues that named racist structures and highlighted women of color. They shared stories from the National Alliance of Black Feminists, focusing on Black women who were missing from mass media. They reported on the 1971 First National Chicana Conference.

''Big Mama Rag, Inc. vs. U.S.'', 1973-1980

In 1973, BMR applied for federal exempt tax status from the IRS. They were granted nonprofit status in Colorado, but not nationally. The IRS denied their application because the newspaper had political and legislative content and because "its articles promoted lesbianism." The collective saw the organization as an educational one, but the IRS did not agree.

In 1980, a circuit court of appeals sided with them, but it was too late to save the financial outlook for the paper.{{cite report |title=Implications of the Decision in Big Mama Rag, Inc. |url=https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-tege/eotopicd81.pdf |publisher=Internal Revenue Service|series=Exempt Organizations Continuing Professional Education (CPE) Technical Instruction Program for Fiscal Year 1981|date=January 1981}}