Big tent#Australia

{{Main|Politics of Armenia}}

Following the 2018 Armenian parliamentary election, the My Step Alliance rose to power on an anti-corruption and pro-democracy platform. The alliance has been described as maintaining a big tent ideology, as the alliance did not support any one particular political position. Instead, it focused on strengthening Armenia's civil society and economic development.{{Cite web|url=https://europeelects.eu/2018/12/04/armenian-snap-elections-seen-as-the-final-chapter-of-the-velvet-revolution/|title=Armenian snap elections seen as the final chapter of the Velvet Revolution|website=Europe Elects|date=December 4, 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-25}}

{{Main|Politics of Australia}}

The Liberal Party of Australia and its predecessors originated as an alliance of liberals and conservatives in opposition to the Australian Labor Party, beginning with the Commonwealth Liberal Party in 1909. This ideological distinction has endured to the present day, with the modern Liberal Party frequently described as a "broad church", a term popularised by former leader and Prime Minister John Howard. In this context, "broad church" is largely synonymous with "big tent". In the 21st century, the party is often characterised as having a "small-l liberal" wing and a conservative wing, which frequently come into conflict with each other. The party has historically found strong support primarily from the middle-class, though it has in recent decades appealed to socially conservative working-class voters.{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/divergent-views-vital-to-howards-broad-church-20050322-gdkz67.html|title=Divergent views vital to Howard's broad church|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|date=22 March 2005}}{{cite news|url=https://theconversation.com/can-the-liberal-party-hold-its-broad-church-of-liberals-and-conservatives-together-93575|title=Can the Liberal Party hold its 'broad church' of liberals and conservatives together?|date=10 April 2018|publisher=The Conversation}}

From its foundation the Justicialist Party has been a Peronist catch-all party, which focuses on the figure of Juan Perón and his wife Eva. Since Nestor Kirchner took the presidency in 2003, the party is considered as part of center-left coalition. It has divided into left-wing and right-wing factions, with left-wing populist Kirchnerists now dominating the party. Despite this, the right-wing faction still exists.

Juntos por el Cambio is an Argentine big tent political coalition. It was created in 2015 as Cambiemos. It is composed of Republican Proposal (centre-right), Civic Coalition ARI (centre) and Radical Civic Union (centre), with common goals to oppose Peronist parties. It is considered as part of center-right coalition.

In Bangladesh Awami League's Grand Alliance (Bangladesh) and BNP's 20 Party Alliance forms coalition with a wide range of parties, thus being catch all parties.{{Cite web |date=2021-04-08 |title=OP-ED: How the house of cards came crashing down |url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/2021/04/08/op-ed-how-the-house-of-cards-came-crashing-down}}

{{Main|Centrão}}

In Brazil, the Centrão ({{Literal translation|big centre}}) is a term for a large bloc of political parties that do not have a specific or consistent ideological orientation and whose aim is to maintain proximity to the executive branch in order to guarantee advantages and allow them to distribute privileges through clientelistic networks.{{cite web |date=2018-07-29 |title=Centrão vive quarta encarnação, agora restrito ao fisiologismo |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/brasil/centrao-vive-quarta-encarnacao-agora-restrito-ao-fisiologismo-22929632 |work=O Globo |language=pt-br}} The Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) is one of the oldest and most notable "Centrão" and Big Tent parties in Brazil; despite being Brazil's largest party, both in number of members and number of officials elected, it has never elected a President, but has used its position as the largest party as a "bargaining chip" for privileges and advantages.{{Cite web |last=Benites |first=Talita Bedinelli, Afonso |date=2017-12-19 |title=PMDB volta a se chamar MDB: retorno ao passado para aplacar crise de imagem |url=https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2017/12/19/politica/1513695154_142381.html |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=El País Brasil |language=pt-br}} MDB was founded in 1965 at the start of the Brazilian military dictatorship as part of an enforced two-party system by the dictatorship, in which the only allowed parties were National Renewal Alliance Party (ARENA), a catch-all party representing the interests of the dictatorship, and MDB, formed to represent a wide-range moderate and less radical opposition to the dictatorship, without a clear program except the democratization of the country.{{Cite web |last=Deak |first=Andre |date=2014-11-12 |title=Partidos políticos |url=https://memoriasdaditadura.org.br/partidos-politicos/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=Memórias da ditadura |language=pt-BR}} Other Big Tent centrão parties include the Progressists (PP), Brazilian Labour Party (PTB), We Can (PODE), Brazil Union (UB), Social Democratic Party (PSD), Social Christian Party (PSC), Act (AGIR), Patriot (PATRI), Forward (AVANTE), Solidarity (SD).{{Cite news |title=O que é o poderoso centrão, que pode definir o sucessor de Cunha |language=pt-BR |work=BBC News Brasil |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-36771079 |access-date=2022-09-24}}

{{Main|Politics in Canada|Political culture of Canada}}

At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two big tent parties practicing "brokerage politics."{{efn| name=politics|Brokerage politics: "A Canadian term for successful big tent parties that embody a pluralistic catch-all approach to appeal to the median Canadian voter... adopting centrist policies and electoral coalitions to satisfy the short-term preferences of a majority of electors who are not located on the ideological fringe."{{cite book|first1=Alex |last1=Marland |first2=Thierry |last2=Giasson |first3=Jennifer |last3=Lees-Marshment |title=Political Marketing in Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSeSaYPa2A4C&pg=PA257|year=2012|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-2231-2|page=257}}{{cite book|author1=John Courtney|author2=David Smith|title=The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KomEXgxvMcC&pg=PA195|year=2010|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-533535-4|page=195}}}}{{cite book|first=Stephen |last=Brooks|title=Canadian Democracy: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/canadiandemocrac0000broo_m5a9|url-access=registration |year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-541806-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/canadiandemocrac0000broo_m5a9/page/265 265]|quote= two historically dominant political parties have avoided ideological appeals in favour of a flexible centrist style of politics that is often labelled "brokerage politics"}}{{cite book|first=David |last=Johnson|title=Thinking Government: Public Administration and Politics in Canada, Fourth Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I_HzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|year=2016|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-3521-0|pages=13–23|quote=...most Canadian governments, especially at the federal level, have taken a moderate, centrist approach to decision making, seeking to balance growth, stability, and governmental efficiency and economy...}}{{cite book|first1=Donald C. |last1=Baumer|first2=Howard J. |last2=Gold|title=Parties, Polarization and Democracy in the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBbvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT152|date= 2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-25478-2|page=152}} Both the Liberal Party of Canada and the Conservative Party of Canada (and its predecessors) have attracted support from a broad spectrum of voters.{{cite book|first=Miriam |last=Smith|title=Group Politics and Social Movements in Canada: Second Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iG4rAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|year=2014|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-0695-1|page=17|quote=Canada's party system has long been described as a “brokerage system” in which the leading parties (Liberal and Conservative) follow strategies that appeal across major social cleavages in an effort to defuse potential tensions.}}{{cite web |title=Plurality-Majority Electoral Systems: A Review |url=http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rec/fra/sys/courtney&document=courtney&lang=e |website=Elections Canada|quote= First Past the Post in Canada has favoured broadly-based, accommodative, centrist parties...|author=Elections Canada|year=2018}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bvw_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA55|title=The Canadian Environment in Political Context|author=Andrea Olive|date=2015|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-0871-9|pages=55–60}} Although parties such as the Quebec nationalist Bloc Québécois have elected members to the House of Commons, far-right and far-left parties have never gained a prominent force in Canadian society and have never formed a government in the Canadian Parliament.{{Cite journal | doi=10.1080/13537113.2015.1032033|title = Canadian Multiculturalism and the Absence of the Far Right| journal=Nationalism and Ethnic Politics| volume=21| issue=2| pages=213–236|year = 2015|last1 = Ambrose|first1 = Emma| last2=Mudde| first2=Cas|s2cid = 145773856}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/world/canada/canadas-secret-to-resisting-the-wests-populist-wave.html|title=Canada's Secret to Resisting the West's Populist Wave|newspaper=The New York Times|year=2017|last1=Taub|first1=Amanda}}

{{main|League of Anti-Corruption Governors}}

In Colombia, the presumed League of Anti-Corruption Governors, led by the former presidential candidate, sometimes referred to as "the Colombian Trump", has been described as a "catch-all party",{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=Elecciones presidenciales en Colombia: la hora de la esperanza |url=https://perio.unlp.edu.ar/2022/05/31/elecciones-presidenciales-en-colombia-la-hora-de-la-esperanza/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social - UNLP}} although analysts agree that it belongs to a more or less authoritarian right-wing. That is to say to a type of extreme right.{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=La Justicia obliga a Rodolfo Hernández a debatir con Gustavo Petro ante el balotaje en Colombia |work=Tiempo Argentino |url=https://www.tiempoar.com.ar/mundo/la-justicia-obliga-a-rodolfo-hernandez-a-debatir-con-gustavo-petro-ante-el-balotaje-en-colombia/ |access-date=2023-06-29|language=es}}{{Cite web |last=Schneider |first=Aaron |title=Colombia's Hernandez is offering a passive revolution from above |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/6/8/colombia-right-wing-populism-anti-corruption-and-revolution-fro |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}

The centre-right National Coalition Party has been described as catch-all party supporting the interests of the urban middle classes.{{cite book|last=Karvonen|first=Lauri|title=Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland: Politics Under Fundamental Societal Transformation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SxmCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|year= 2014|publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1-910259-33-7|page=20}}

The Renaissance party (formerly La République En Marche!) founded by President Emmanuel Macron has been described as a centrist party with a catch-all nature.{{cite book|author=Sophie Di Francesco-Mayot|chapter=The French Parti Socialiste (2010–16): from office to crisis|editor1=Rob Manwaring|editor2=Paul Kennedy|title=Why the Left Loses: The Decline of the Centre-Left in Comparative Perspective|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFI8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|year=2017|publisher=Policy Press|isbn=978-1-4473-3269-5|page=162}}

Both the Christian Democratic Union of Germany/Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) are considered big tent or catch-all parties, known in German as Volksparteien ("people's parties").{{cite book|last1=Hertner|first1=Isabelle|last2=Sloam|first2=James|chapter=The Europeanisation of the German Party System|editor=Erol Külahci|title=Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8T9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|year=2014|publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1-907301-84-1|page=35}}

The Indian National Congress attracted support from Indians of all classes, castes and religions supportive of the Indian independence movement.{{cite book|last1=Meyer|first1=Karl Ernest|last2=Brysac|first2=Shareen Blair|title=Pax Ethnica: Where and How Diversity Succeeds|url=https://archive.org/details/paxethnicawhereh0000meye|url-access=registration|access-date=7 April 2016|year=2012|publisher=PublicAffairs|isbn=9781610390484|pages=[https://archive.org/details/paxethnicawhereh0000meye/page/64 64]–}} The Janata Party which came into power in India in 1977, was a catch-all party that consisted of people with different ideologies opposed to The Emergency.{{cite web|title=Political Parties - NCERT|url=https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/jess406.pdf|access-date=8 May 2021|publisher=National Council of Educational Research and Training}}

Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil are considered catch-all parties and are supported by people from different social classes and political ideologies.{{cite book|last=Weeks |first=Liam |chapter= Parties and the party system |editor1= John Coakley |editor2= Michael Gallagher |title= Politics in the Republic of Ireland: Sixth Edition |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oW5ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT156|year=2018|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-31269-7|page=156}} The two parties are usually described as being very similar in their current and recent policies, both being positioned on the centre-right with a liberal-conservative ideology. The reasons for their remaining separate are mainly historical, with those who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty in the 1920s eventually becoming Fine Gael and those who opposed the treaty having joined Fianna Fáil to seek an independent Ireland.

In Italy, the Five Star Movement, founded and formerly led by the comedian and actor Beppe Grillo, has been described as a catch-all protest party and "post-ideological big tent" because its supporters do not share similar policy preferences, are split on major economic and social issues and are united largely based on "anti-establishment" sentiments.Valentina Romei, [https://www.ft.com/content/553bcf9a-d326-11e6-b06b-680c49b4b4c0 Five Star Movement: the protest party explained in charts: Direct democracy and rejection of binary politics brings success but stunts maturity], Financial Times (January 10, 2017). The Five Star Movement's "successful campaign formula combined anti-establishment sentiments with an economic and political protest which extends beyond the boundaries of traditional political orientations", but its "'catch-all' formula" has limited its ability to become "a mature, functional, effective and coherent contender for government". The Northern League attracted voters in its early years from all of the political spectrum. Forza Italia, on the centre-right, and the Democratic Party, on the centre-left, are considered to be catch-all parties and were mergers of political parties with numerous ideological backgrounds.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

{{Main|Factions in the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)}}

Historically, the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) had been formed as a big-tent party uniting groups ranging from Keynesian centrists to nationalist neoliberals. The party developed an intricate factional system to maintain co-operation and to ensure hegemonic success in elections. However, the party has seen some former factions defect or die out since the 1990s, especially the more moderate ones, which has led the party to shift overall towards the right.

The New Frontier Party, which existed from 1994 to 1997, was considered a big political party because it was created to oppose the LDP by people of various ideologies, including social democrats, liberals, neoliberals, Buddhist democrats, and conservatives.{{cite book |editor1=Ronald J. Hrebenar |editor2=Akira Nakamura |title=Party Politics in Japan: Political Chaos and Stalemate in the 21st Century |quote= The initial period of party system change found its first culmination in 1996 when a new catch-all party, the Shinshinto (New Frontier Party), got founded by Ozawa and others. |date=2014 |page=81 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317745976 }}

The former main centre-left opposition, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), was Japan's version of third way politics and served since the mid-1990s as a ‘big tent party’ for a plethora of heterogeneous groups ranging from two socialist parties to liberal and conservative groups.{{cite news |last=Spremberg |first=Felix |title=How Japan's Left is repeating its unfortunate history |url=https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/democracy/how-japans-left-is-repeating-its-unfortunate-history-4819/ |access-date=19 November 2021 |work=International Politics & Society Journal |date=25 November 2020|quote=The former main centre-left opposition, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), was Japan’s version of third way politics and served since the mid-1990s as a ‘big tent party’ for a plethora of heterogeneous groups ranging from two socialist parties to liberal and conservative groups.}}

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) held power in Mexico for 71 uninterrupted years, from 1929 to 2000. It was founded after the Mexican Revolution by Mexican President Plutarco Elías Calles. Then known as the National Revolutionary Party, it was founded with the intent of providing a political space to allow all surviving leaders and combatants of the Mexican Revolution to participate and to resolve the grave political crisis that had been caused by the assassination of President-elect Álvaro Obregón in 1928. Throughout its nine-decade existence, the PRI has adopted a very wide array of ideologies, which have often been determined by the President of the Republic in office at the time. The party nationalized the petroleum industry in 1938 and the banking industry in 1982. In the 1980s, the party went through reforms that shaped its current incarnation, with policies characterized as centre-right, such as the privatization of state-run companies, closer relations with the Catholic Church, and embracing free-market capitalism and neoliberal policies.{{cite news |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/english/meade-king-mexican-sandwich |title=Meade, the King of the Mexican Sandwich |newspaper=El Universal |date=January 11, 2018}}{{cite book |last=Russell |first=James W. |title=Class and Race Formation in North America |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PZgR6ubuUXcC&pg=PA155 |date=2009 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-9678-4 |page=155}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2jwAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Institutional+Revolutionary+Party%22+center-right&pg=PA334 |title=Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order |first1=Jeffrey |last1=Kopstein |first2=Mark |last2=Lichbach |first3=Stephen E. |last3=Hanson |date=July 21, 2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781139991384 |access-date=April 6, 2018}}

The National Regeneration Movement, founded by Andrés Manuel López Obrador, has often been described as a big-tent party because of the various constituents who joined its ranks during the 2018 Mexican general elections.{{cite web|title=Mexico 2018: How AMLO Took a Page from the PRI Playbook|url=https://www.americasquarterly.org/content/mexico-2018-how-amlo-took-page-pri-playbook|work=Americas Quarterly|first=Macario|last=Schettino|quote=Morena's star has risen so quickly because it offers refuge to such a wide range of beliefs and ideologies. The party has room for old guard supporters of Hugo Chávez and Fidel Castro, young leftist academics, former PRI leaders, evangelical Christians, actors, athletes, and even the odd business tycoon or two. In this way the party resembles the big tent of the PRI, which more than a guiding philosophy was guided by the administration of political power.|date=6 June 2018|access-date=18 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607003117/https://www.americasquarterly.org/content/mexico-2018-how-amlo-took-page-pri-playbook|archive-date=June 7, 2019|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|title=Mexican leftist's 'big tent' pitch puts presidency in sight|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mexico-election-analysis/mexican-leftists-big-tent-pitch-puts-presidency-in-sight-idUSKBN1GW2UZ|work=Reuters|first=Dave|last=Graham|date=20 March 2018|access-date=18 September 2018|quote=In a few months, he has assembled a coalition stretching from socially conservative Christian evangelicals to admirers of socialist Venezuela and business tycoons, each with contrasting visions for Mexico. Dozens of lawmakers from across the political spectrum have switched sides to join Lopez Obrador’s National Regeneration Movement (MORENA), a party that is not yet four years old.}} Juntos Hacemos Historia is a big-tent alliance led by the National Regeneration Movement that contested the 2021 Mexican legislative election.{{Cite web|title=Morena, PT y PVEM presentan alianza 'Juntos hacemos historia' para elecciones de 2021|url=https://elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/morena-pt-y-pvem-presentan-alianza-juntos-hacemos-historia-para-elecciones-de-2021|access-date=2021-02-22|website=El Financiero|date=December 24, 2020 |language=es}} The successor alliance, Sigamos Haciendo Historia, has been described by some political scientists as catch-all.{{Cite web |last=Almaraz |first=Karina |date=2024-05-28 |title=Ideología de Morena y coalición Sigamos Haciendo Historia: cuál es |url=https://www.telediario.mx/politica/elecciones/ideologia-morena-coalicion-sigamos-historia-cual-es |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=Telediario México |language=es-MX |quote=“Yo designaría a Morena como un partido 'cacha todo', en donde la dirigencia ha buscado perfiles de candidatos con bases electorales que ayuden a generar más voto sin necesariamente ser de izquierda o tener una ideología determinada”, dijo Enrique Solis, consultor de políticas públicas y asuntos públicos consultado para esta nota. |trans-quote=I would designate Morena as a 'cacha all' party, where the leadership has sought profiles of candidates with electoral bases that help generate more votes without necessarily being left-wing nor having a determined ideology, said Enrique Solis, public policy and public affairs consultant consulted for this excerpt.}}

The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico has often been described in terms of catch all politics. AP News describes it as a "strange political group" that almost always joins the governing party's coalition to maintain influence.{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=Mexico's small, oft-questioned Green Party to become the second-largest force in Congress |url=https://apnews.com/article/mexico-green-party-second-force-congress-opportunism-4b6edb2251e39870a84af954456f0556 |access-date=2025-02-13 |website=AP News |language=en}} According to Muñoz Patraca, a professor of political science at UNAM, the PVEM is not a political party like other movements in favor of democratization, or economic or social struggles. Rather, the party serves, in name only, to concerns about the environment - escaping the traditional left-right ideological axis.{{Cite book |last=Espejel Espinoza |first=Alberto |title=Tendencias Organizacionales y Democracia Interna en Los Partidos Políticos en México: Los Casos Del PAN, PRI, PRD, PT, PVEM, MC y MORENA |date=2022 |publisher=Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Investigaciones sobre la Universidad y la Educacion |others=Mariela Díaz Sandoval |isbn=978-607-30-5637-3 |location=Ciudad de México |publication-date=2022 |pages=189}} Miguel Angel Toro, the Director of the Bachelor's Degree in Government and Public Transformation at Tecnológico de Monterrey, describes the party as a "party that has no ideology... It’s been with parties who are on the right, center, and the left.” Critically, Toro says, “the big parties overestimate the votes the Partido Verde can bring in, so the party always ends up with more seats than they would have gotten. That gives the Green Party more life than it should have.” {{Cite news |last=Rios |first=Lorena |date=2021-06-30 |title=Green Like AstroTurf—or Dollars |url=https://slate.com/technology/2021/06/mexico-green-party-politics-amlo-environmental-policy.html |access-date=2025-02-13 |work=Slate |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}}

The centre-left Socialist Party (PS) and centre-right Social Democratic Party (PSD) have been described as catch-all parties.{{cite book |last1= Lisi |first1= Marco |last2= Freire |first2= André |chapter=The selection of political party leaders in Portugal |editor1= Jean-Benoit Pilet |editor2= William Cross |title= The Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_2mvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA124 |year=2014 |publisher= Routledge |isbn= 978-1-317-92945-1 |page=124}}

Romania's Social Democratic Party has been referred to as a catch-all party. Political analyst Radu Magdin described it in December 2016 as having conservative values, while being economically liberal, and espousing left-leaning rhetoric on public policies.{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/pragmatism-is-a-winner-for-romanian-left-social-democrats-psd-corruption-scandal-liviu-dragnea-victor-ponta-elections/ |title=Pragmatism is a winner for Romanian Left |work=Politico |first=Carmen|last=Păun |date=13 December 2016|access-date=20 May 2023}}

Citizens (Spanish: Ciudadanos) has been considered as an example of astroturfing in the Spanish media since 2015. Originally founded as a social-democratic regional party opposed to Catalan nationalism, the party switched to a catch-all message to attract votes from the right to the moderate left in the party's appearance in the national political landscape. Its stance includes a mix of liberalism and pro-Europeanism, but the party has also embraced populist views on the legitimacy of its political opponents; conservative views on topics such as the criminal system and personal property and Spanish nationalist positions; and many problems by its own leader, Inés Arrimadas. It has become one of the most recognisable catch-all parties in the history of the country. In the mid-2010s, however, the party's main ideology is perceived to have drifted towards the right, with Albert Rivera admitting that it would not agree to form a coalition with the two main centre-left and left parties after the April 2019 Spanish general election, regardless of the results.{{Cite news |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/20150516/abci-partidos-ciudadanos-ideologias-201505151650.html |title=¿Ciudadanos es de izquierdas o de derechas? |date=2015-05-15 |access-date=2019-04-25 |language=es}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.elespanol.com/opinion/20190303/albert-rivera-no-pactar-psoe-sanchez-echaremos/380212377_0.html |title=Albert Rivera: "No vamos a pactar con el PSOE ni con Sánchez, les echaremos y punto" |date=2019-03-03 |access-date=2019-04-25 |language=es-ES}}{{Cite news |url=https://www.eldiario.es/piedrasdepapel/va-Ciudadanos-derecha_6_833326686.html |title=¿Se va Ciudadanos a la derecha? Sí, pero quizás no tanto |last=Orriols |first=Lluís |access-date=2019-04-25 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425210241/https://www.eldiario.es/piedrasdepapel/va-Ciudadanos-derecha_6_833326686.html |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |url-status=dead}} Furthermore, some commentators argue that Ciudadanos was attempting to supplant the People's Party, which suffered massive losses as the hegemonic party of the right and thus contributed to the shift in Ciudadanos to the right. Similarly, Ciudadanos has allied with both the conservative People's Party and the far-right Vox to achieve coalitions in regional parliaments. That has given rise to the expression "the three rights" or colloquially "El Trifachito" to describe the grouping, which defines its opposition as "the left".

The African National Congress (ANC) has been the governing party of South Africa since the country's first democratic election, in 1994, and it has been described by the media as a "big tent" party.{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-05-05-curiouser-and-curiouser-the-strange-case-of-the-2019-elections/|title=2019 Elections - ANALYSIS: Curiouser and Curiouser – the strange case of the 2019 elections|last=Grootes|first=Stephen|website=Daily Maverick|date=May 5, 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-11-09}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/political-opening-south-africa|title=A Political Opening in South Africa|last=Campbell|first=John|date=July 18, 2017|work=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=2019-11-09|language=en}}{{Cite web|url=https://africasacountry.com/2019/03/south-africas-third-way-revival|title=South Africa's Third Way revival|last=Shoki|first=William|date=April 2019|website=africasacountry.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-09}}{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2010-09-15-anc-stability-shakes-sas-economic-future/|title=ANC stability shakes SA's economic future|last=Herskovitz|first=Jon|website=The M&G Online|date=September 15, 2010|language=en|access-date=2019-11-09}} An important aspect of its electoral success has been its ability to include a diverse range of political groups most notably in the form of the Tripartite Alliance between the ANC; the South African Communist Party; and the country's largest trade union, COSATU. Additional interest groups in the party are members of the business community and traditional leaders.

When Gordon Brown became the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in 2007, he invited several members from outside the Labour Party into his government. They included former CBI Director-General Digby Jones who became a Minister of State and former Liberal Democrats leader Paddy Ashdown who was offered the position of Northern Ireland Secretary (Ashdown turned down the offer).{{cite news|title=In full: Brown's government|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6255914.stm|work=BBC News|date=June 29, 2007}}{{cite news|title=The fallout from Brown's job offer|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/6225674.stm|work=BBC News|date=June 21, 2007}} The media often referred to Brown's ministry as "a government of all the talents" or simply "Brown's big tent".{{cite news|title=First 100 days: Gordon Brown|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7027581.stm|work=BBC News|date=October 5, 2007}}

In Scotland, the Scottish National Party is possibly the longest-established big-tent party in the UK, with the goal of seeking Scottish independence by those that support various other political ideologies and from various political positions. Since 2007, the SNP have been the largest single party in the Scottish Parliament and has formed the Scottish government continuously since the 2007 Scottish general election.

All for Unity was a big tent anti-SNP electoral alliance that contested the 2021 Scottish Parliament election but failed to win any seats.{{Cite news|first1=Kieran|last1=Andrews|last2=Wade|first2=Mike|title=Galloway's bid to form united front to save Union shunned|newspaper=The Times|language=en|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/galloways-bid-to-form-united-front-to-save-union-shunned-lwc3shxjb|access-date=2021-03-28|issn=0140-0460}}

The Democratic Party was a "big-tent" party during the New Deal coalition, which was formed to support President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies from the 1930s to the 1960s.David C. King, "The Polarization of American Parties and Mistrust of Government" in Why People Don't Trust Government (eds. Joseph S. Nye, Philip Zelikow, David C. King: Harvard University Press, 1997). The coalition brought together labor unions, working-class voters, lower-middle class voters, farm organizations, secular liberals, Southern Democrats, African Americans, urban voters, and immigrants.Lisa Young, Feminists and Party Politics (University of Michigan Press, 2000), p. 84.Holly M. Allen, "New Deal Coalition" in Class in America: An Encyclopedia (Vol. 2: H-P), ed. Robert E. Weir (ABC-CLIO, 2007), p. 571: "During the 1930s liberals, labor unions, white ethnics, African Americans, farm groups, and Southern whites united to form the New Deal coalition. Though never formally organized, the coalition was sufficiently cohesive to make the Democratic Party the majority party from 1931 into the 1980s. Democrats won seven out of nine presidential contests and maintained majorities in both houses of Congress from 1932 to 1964. The divisiveness of the Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War, the increasing segmentation of the labor force, and waning influence of unions, and the relative weakness of Democratic Party leadership are among the factors that led to the coalition's erosion in the late 1960s."

After the 1974 Dallas Accord, the Libertarian Party embraced the big-tent idea to the extent it ensured that the anarcho-capitalist views would not be excluded from the majority minarchist party.Paul Gottfried, The conservative movement: Social movements past and present , Twayne Publishers, 1993, p. 46.

{{div col}}

• ANO 2011, Czech Republic
• Austrian People's Party{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4xYAlBYDvrkC&pg=PA221|title=The CDU and the Politics of Gender in Germany: Bringing Women to the Party|author=Sarah Elise Wiliarty|date=16 August 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-49116-7|pages=218–221}}
• Awami League, Bangladesh
• Brazilian Democratic Movement, Brazil{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-35922425|title=Dilma Rousseff and Brazil face up to decisive month|last1=Gallas|first1=Daniel|work=BBC News|date=March 29, 2016|access-date=27 August 2017}}
• Christian Democracy,{{cite book|title=The Politics of Italy: Governance in a Normal Country|first=James L.|last=Newell|date=28 January 2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84070-5|page=27}} Italy (1943–1994)
• Christian Democratic Union of Germany{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8T9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|title=Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems|last1=Hertner|first1=Isabelle|last2=Sloam|first2=James|publisher=ECPR Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-907301-84-1|editor=Erol Külahci|page=35|chapter=The Europeanisation of the German Party System}}
• Civic Platform,{{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BjVNJ1REkoEC&pg=PA171 |title=Central and East European Politics: From Communism to Democracy|author=Jane L. Curry |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7425-6734-4 |editor1=Sharon L. Wolchik |page=171 |chapter=Poland: The Politics of "God's Playground" |editor2=Jane L. Curry}} Poland
• Democratic Party (United States) United States
• Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro
• Fianna Fáil,{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GaWtd5zJfB8C&pg=PA333|title=Growth to Limits: Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy|last=Maguire|first=Maria|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=1986|isbn=978-3-11-011131-6|editor=Peter Flora|page=333|chapter=Ireland}}{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=noMdBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA13 |title=Contemporary Ireland |last=O'Malley |first=Eoin |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-230-34382-5 |page=13 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Republic of Ireland
• Five Star Movement, Italy
• Georgian Dream{{cite news|url=http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Brief_26.pdf|title=The Georgian succession|last1=Ditrych|first1=Ondrej|date=July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222193553/http://www.iss.europa.eu/uploads/media/Brief_26.pdf|archive-date=22 February 2016|publisher=European Union Institute for Security Studies|page=4|quote=...GD as a catch-all movement...|df=dmy-all}}
• Indian National Congress{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3uuAtazupnAC&pg=PA379|title=Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices|last=Barrington|first=Lowell|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2009|isbn=978-0-618-49319-7|page=379}}
• Institutional Revolutionary Party, Mexico
• Islamic Iran Participation Front{{cite thesis|last=Mohammadighalehtaki|first=Ariabarzan|date=2012|title=Organisational Change in Political Parties in Iran after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. With Special Reference to the Islamic Republic Party (IRP) and the Islamic Iran Participation Front Party (Mosharekat)|type=Ph.D. thesis|publisher=Durham University|url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3507/|page=176}}
• Joint List, Israel
• Labour Party (United Kingdom) United Kingdom
• Labour Party, Lithuania
• La République En Marche!,{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VFI8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162|title=Why the Left Loses: The Decline of the Centre-Left in Comparative Perspective|author=Sophie Di Francesco-Mayot|publisher=Policy Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4473-3269-5|editor1=Rob Manwaring|page=162|chapter=The French Parti Socialiste (2010–16): from office to crisis|editor2=Paul Kennedy}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/2017/06/09/actualite/actualite/legislatives-le-parti-demmanuel-macron-un-caractere-attrape-tout/|title=Législatives : "Le parti d'Emmanuel Macron a un caractère attrape-tout"|website=Les Inrocks|date=June 9, 2017 }} France
• Liberal party of Canada Canada
• Liberal Democratic Party,{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MHhE6AlgkIoC&pg=PA58|title=Japan's International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security|author1=Glenn D. Hook|last2=Gilson|first2=Julie|author3=Christopher W. Hughes|last4=Dobson|first4=Hugo|publisher=Routledge|year=2001|isbn=978-1-134-32806-2|page=58}} Japan
• National Coalition Party,{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SxmCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|title=Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland: Politics Under Fundamental Societal Transformation|last=Karvonen|first=Lauri|publisher=ECPR Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-910259-33-7|page=20}} Finland
• National Liberation Front, Algeria
• National Regeneration Movement,{{cite news|url=https://intoleranciadiario.com/articles/educacion/2023/02/16/1007664-morena-no-esta-institucionalizado-cacha-de-todos-lados-politologo-ibero.html|title=Morena no está institucionalizado; "cacha" de todos lados: politólogo Ibero|trans-title=Morena is not institutionalized; it "gets it" from all sides: Ibero political scientist|language=es|date=2018-01-21}} Mexico
• Nuevas Ideas,{{cite web|url=https://www.civicus.org/index.php/media-resources/news/interviews/5298-el-salvador-the-president-s-aim-is-to-concentrate-power|title=El Salvador: "The President's Aim is to Concentrate Power"|language=en|date=22 September 2021|access-date=1 October 2023|work=Civicus}} El Salvador
• People's Front for Democracy and Justice,{{Citation |last1=O'Kane |first1=David |title=Biopolitics, Militarism, and Development: Eritrea in the Twenty-First Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x1pxdhO1RD0C&pg=PR20 |page=xx |year=2011 |publisher=Berghahn Books |isbn=978-0-85745-399-0 |access-date=15 January 2011 |last2=Hepner |first2=Tricia}} Eritrea
• Progressive Conservative Party of Canada{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XGChCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|title=Party Members and Activists|last=Cross|first=William|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=978-1-317-52432-8|editor1=Emilie van Haute|page=50|chapter=Party Membership in Quebec|editor2=Anika Gauja}}
• Republican Party of Armenia, Armenia{{cite journal|last1=Iskandaryan|first1=Alexander|date=23 May 2012|title=Armenian Elections: Technology vs. Ideology|url=http://www.css.ethz.ch/publications/pdfs/CAD-39-2-4.pdf|journal=Caucasus Analytical Digest|publisher=ETH Zurich|page=3|quote=Both major parties in the Armenian parliament [Republican Party and Prosperous Armenia] represent elite groups. With almost no ideology to speak of, they are catch-all parties, a phenomenon becoming typical in the modern world.}}
• Scottish National Party, ScotlandDavid Torrance, "Scotland's Progressive Dilemma," The Political Quarterly, 88 (2017): 52–59. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.12319.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/2011/apr/25/alex-salmond-tommy-sheridan-election |title=Alex Salmond's big tent bulges as Tommy Sheridan lends voteless support |last=Carrell |first=Severin |date=25 April 2011 |work=The Guardian |access-date=26 April 2020 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}
• Serbian Progressive Party{{cite web|url=http://orca.cf.ac.uk/115510/1/Serbian%20Compliance%20Patterns%20towards%20EU%20Integration.pdf|title=Serbian Compliance Patterns towards EU Integration under the Progressive Party: An Exercise in Statecraft|access-date=13 December 2018}}{{Cite book|title=Party Responses to the EU in the Western Balkans: Transformation, Opposition or Defiance?|last=Stojić|first=Marko|publisher=Springer|year=2017|page=135}}
• Social Democratic Party,{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2mvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA124|title=The Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study|last1=Lisi|first1=Marco|last2=Freire|first2=André|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=978-1-317-92945-1|editor1=Jean-Benoit Pilet|page=124|chapter=The selection of political party leaders in Portugal|editor2=William Cross}}{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCG8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA271|title=Southern European Socialism: Parties, Elections, and the Challenge of Government|last1=Gallagher|first1=Tom|author2=Allan M. Williams|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-7190-2500-6|editor1=Tom Gallagher|page=271|chapter=Southern European socialism in the 1990s|editor2=Allan M. Williams}} Portugal
• Social Democratic Party of Germany
• Socialist Party, Portugal
• South Tyrolean People's Party{{cite book|title=Tolerance Through Law: Self Governance and Group Rights In South Tyrol|last=Pallaver|first=Günther|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|year=2008|isbn=978-90-04-16302-7|editor1=Jens Woelk|pages=305, 309|chapter=South Tyrol's Consociational Democracy: Between Political Claim and Social Reality|editor2=Francesco Palermo|editor3=Joseph Marko}}{{cite book|title=Minority Rules: Electoral Systems, Decentralization, and Ethnoregional Party Success|last=Lublin|first=David|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-994884-0|page=229}}
• Together for Yes,{{cite news|url=http://www.ara.cat/en/Junts-Together-Yes-We-the_0_1397860276.html|title=Junts pel Sí (Together for Yes): "We are all in, we've reached the end of the line"|date=2015-07-21|work=Ara}} Ireland
• Together for Yes, Spain
• Chama Cha Mapinduzi, Tanzania
• United Russia,{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RWIdAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA35|title=Russia's Changing Economic and Political Regimes: The Putin Years and Afterwards|author1=Sventlana S. Bodrunova|author2=Anna A. Litvinenko|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-1-135-00695-2|editor1=Andrey Makarychev|page=35|chapter=New media and political protest: the formation of a public counter-sphere in Russia, 2008–2012|editor2=Andre Mommen}} Russia
• Barisan Nasional,{{Cite book|author1=Joseph Liow|author2=Michael Leifer|title=Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G5KLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA102|date=20 November 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-62233-8|pages=102–}} Malaysia
• Pakatan Harapan,{{cite web|url=http://english.astroawani.com/politics-news/new-pakatan-harapan-coalition-formed-74160|title=New Pakatan Harapan coalition formed|author=Harits Asyraf Hasnan|publisher=Astro Awani|date=22 September 2015|access-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026205305/http://english.astroawani.com/politics-news/new-pakatan-harapan-coalition-formed-74160|archive-date=26 October 2015|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-opposition-forms-pakatan-harapan-alliance|title=Malaysia's opposition forms Pakatan Harapan alliance|author=Shannon Teoh|publisher=The Straits Times|date=23 September 2015|access-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213015558/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysias-opposition-forms-pakatan-harapan-alliance|archive-date=13 February 2016|url-status=live}} Malaysia
• Perikatan Nasional,{{Cite web|last=PN Official|first=Leadership|date=2020-03-23|title=Persatuan Perikatan Parti Malaysia (PPPM) telah menjadi Gabungan rasmi politik yang dikenali sebagai Parti Perikatan Nasional (PN)|url=https://perikatan-nasional.org.my/|access-date=2020-03-23|website=Gabungan Perikatan Nasional|language=ms}} Malaysia
• Pakatan Rakyat,{{cite web|url=http://malaysiakini.com/news/114553|title=ROS: Pakatan can register as a single party|publisher=Malaysiakini|date=8 October 2009|access-date=8 October 2009}} Malaysia
• United Borneo Alliance,{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2010/12/16/jeffrey-kitingan-forms-united-borneo-front-to-get-more-for-sabah-sarawak|title=Jeffrey Kitingan forms United Borneo Front to get more for Sabah, Sarawak|author=|work=The Star|date=16 December 2010|access-date=23 April 2018}} State of Sabah and State of Sarawak, Malaysia
• United Sabah Alliance,{{cite web|url=http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=97773|title=Opposition parties form United Sabah Alliance|publisher=Daily Express|date=10 March 2015|access-date=12 April 2018}} State of Sabah, Malaysia
• The United Alliance of State,{{cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2018/05/368753/sabah-bn-coalition-be-disbanded-pave-way-gabungan-bersatu|title=Sabah BN coalition to be disbanded to pave way for Gabungan Bersatu|author=Kristy Inus|publisher=New Straits Times|date=12 May 2018|access-date=13 May 2018}} Malaysia
• Gabungan Rakyat Sabah,{{Cite news|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/03/13/ros-approves-registration-of-gabungan-rakyat-sabah-says-hajiji/2047212|title=RoS approves registration of Gabungan Rakyat Sabah, says Hajiji|last=Bernama|first=|date=11 March 2022|newspaper=malaymail|access-date=13 March 2022}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/204596/grs-stronger-now-as-a-fully-local-party-/|title='GRS stronger now as a fully local party'|last=Express|first=Daily|date=18 December 2022|newspaper=Daily Express|access-date=21 December 2022}} State of Sabah, Malaysia
• Gabungan Parti Sarawak,{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/12/sarawak-bn-parties-pull-out-of-coalition/|title=Sarawak BN parties pull out of coalition to form independent state-based pact|author1=Sharon Ling|author2=Geryl Ogilvy|work=The Star|date=12 June 2018|access-date=12 June 2018}} State of Sarawak, Malaysia
• Gerakan Tanah Air (GTA),{{cite web |title=Dr M announces new coalition of four parties, Gerakan Tanah Air |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2022/08/819394/dr-m-announces-new-coalition-four-parties-gerakan-tanah-air |website=New Straits Times |date=August 4, 2022 |access-date=5 August 2022}} Malaysia
• Parti Impian Sabah,[https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/695922/berita/politik/video-prn-sabah-parti-impian-sabah-boleh-jadi-parti-dominan Sabah Dream Party can be recognized as dominant party in Sabah] State of Sabah, Malaysia
• White Movement,{{Cite book| url=https://academic.oup.com/book/10472/chapter-abstract/158344535 | doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250219.003.0001 | chapter=Civil War | title=The White Russian Army in Exile 1920-1941 | date=2002 | last1=Robinson | first1=Paul | pages=1–15 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-925021-9 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.hoover.org/research/wake-empire | title=In the Wake of Empire }} Russian State (1917–1923)

{{end div col}}

• Bipartisanship
• Broad church
• Elite party
• Purity test (politics), a rigid standard on a specific issue by which a politician is judged
• Party of power
• Popular front
• Syncretic politics
• United front

{{notelist}}

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{{Wiktionary}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Political ideologies

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Category:Left-wing politics