Bilahari

Image:Mohanam scale.svg

Image:Shankarabharanam scale.svg

Bilahari is an asymmetric rāgam that does not contain madhyamam or nishādham in the ascending scale. It is an audava-sampurna rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic ascending scale).Raganidhi by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows:

• Arohana : {{svaraC|S|R2|G3|P|D2|S'|foot=yes}} they are used in every song

• Avarohanam : {{svaraC|S'|N3|D2|P|M1|G3|R2|S|foot=yes}}

The notes used in this scale are shadjam, chathusruthi rishabham, antara gandhara, panchamam and chathusruthi dhaivatham in ascending scale, with kakali nishadham and shuddha madhyamam included in descending scale. For the details of the notations and terms, see swaras in Carnatic music.

This rāgam also uses kaishiki nishadham (N2) as an external note (anya swara) in the descending scale. Hence it is considered a bhashanga rāgam, a scale with notes external to the parent scale.

There are many compositions set to Bilahari rāgam. Here are some popular kritis composed in Bilahari.

• Sharanu Janakana By Purandara Dasa
• Belagu Javadi Baro By Vadiraja Tirtha
• Lakshmi Shobhane By Vadiraja Tirtha. This is one of the greatest literary works of Vadiraja Tirtha with 112 Charanas and the longest composition known by a carnatic composer
• Hanumana Maneyavaru by Vidyaprasanna Teertha in Kannada
• Na Jeevadhara, Tolijanma, Dorakuna Ituvanti, Kshethra Palaka, Intha Kannanandamemi and Kanugontini composed by Tyagaraja
• Sri Balasubramanya, Kamakshi Varalakshmi, Ekadantham Bhajeham, Hatakeshwara and Sri Madhurapuri, by Muthuswami Dikshitar
• Smara Sada, Aaradhayami, Gopalam Seveham, Pahi Padmanabha, Jaya Suganalaya, Pahi Sarasanabha, Santhatham Bhajami and Vimukhava Tava by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
• Karpagambike, Sarvesha Adimaiyai, Vaa Sharavanaa and Nijamunnai Nambinen by Papanasam Sivan
• Parithana Michite by Patnam Subramania Iyer
• Sri Chamundeshwari by Mysore Vasudevacharya
• Anaamilo Mahaboob is a Khayal in Hindi by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma
• Puraya Mama Kamam is a Tharangam by Narayana Teertha
• Raara Venugopa Bala is a famous Swarajati
• Kaanbadeppo by Ambujam Krishna
• Rabindranath Tagore has composed Ami Marer Sagor Pari Debo
• Intha Chouka is a Varnam composed by Veena Kuppayyar
• Maa Mayura a Tamil Kriti composed by Mazhavai Chidambara Bharathi
• Maal Maruganai Ninaindidhu by Ramaswami Shivan

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

• Mohanam has a symmetric pentatonic scale, with the notes same as the ascending scale of Bilahari. Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
• Mohanakalyani is a rāgam which has the prati madhyamam in descending scale (descending scale of Kalyani) in place of the shuddha madhyamam. Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M2 G3 R2 S
• Garudadhvani is a rāgam which has the ascending and descending scales interchanged, in comparison with Bilahari. Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure is S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 S : S D2 P G3 R2 S
• Desakshi is a rāgam which is similar to Bilahari. The arohana remains the same, while the sampoorna avarohana has Kaishiki Nishada in place of Kakali Nishada. Its {{IAST|ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa}} structure is S R2 G3 P D2 S : S N2 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S

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