Bill McCracken

{{distinguish|William McCracken|William P. MacCracken Jr.|William D. McCrackan}}

{{Infobox football biography

| name = Bill McCracken

| image = Bill McCracken.jpg

| upright = 0.9

| full_name = William McCracken

| birth_date = {{birth date|1883|1|29|df=y}}

| birth_place = Belfast, Ireland

| death_date = {{death date and age|1979|1|20|1883|1|29|df=y}}

| death_place = Kingston upon Hull, England

| height = {{height|ft=5|in=9}}{{cite news |title=Few big transfers in the First Division of the Football League. Newcastle United |author=Tynesider |newspaper=Athletic News |location=Manchester |date=21 August 1922 |page=5}}

| position = Defender

| youthyears1 =

| youthclubs1 =

| years1 = 1900–1904

| clubs1 = Distillery

| caps1 =

| goals1 =

| years2 = 1904–1923

| clubs2 = Newcastle United

| caps2 = 377

| goals2 = 6

| nationalyears1 = 1902–1923

| nationalteam1 = Ireland (IFA)

| nationalcaps1 = 16

| nationalgoals1 = 1

| nationalyears2 = 1902–1903

| nationalteam2 = Irish League XI

| nationalcaps2 = 2

| nationalgoals2 = 0

| nationalyears3 = 1918

| nationalteam3 = England (wartime)

| nationalcaps3 = 2

| nationalgoals3 = 0

| nationalyears4 = 1919

| nationalteam4 = Ireland (wartime)

| nationalcaps4 = 2

| nationalgoals4 = 0

| manageryears1 = 1923–1931

| managerclubs1 = Hull City

| manageryears2 = 1932–1933

| managerclubs2 = Gateshead

| manageryears3 = 1933–1936

| managerclubs3 = Millwall

| manageryears4 = 1937–1950

| managerclubs4 = Aldershot

}}

William Robert McCracken (29 January 1883 – 20 January 1979) was an Irish footballer who played as a defender. He is famous for inventing the offside trap. He was a cousin of Robert McCracken who also had a career as a professional footballer.{{Cite web|url=http://nifootball.blogspot.co.uk/2007/09/bob-roy-mccracken.html|title=Bob "Roy" McCracken|website=nifootball.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=27 November 2016}}

Playing career

During his career, McCracken captained both English club Newcastle United and the Ireland national side.{{Cite web | title = Hall of Fame {{!}} Bill McCracken | publisher = Newcastle United F.C. | access-date = 20 March 2018 | url = https://www.nufc.co.uk/club/history/hall-of-fame/bill-mccracken}} He played for Newcastle from 1904 to 1924, helping them win three Football League titles and one FA Cup. In total he played 432 games for the Magpies, scoring eight goals.[http://toon1892.com/detail_player.php?id=497 Player Profile: William Robert "Bill" McCracken], Toon1892

McCracken gained sixteen international caps (including one match against Scotland in 1902 which is not counted as official by the Scots due to its unusual circumstances as a fundraiser following the Ibrox disaster,[https://www.londonhearts.com/scores/images/1902/1902080908.htm The Benefit International.], The Scottish Referee, 11 August 1902, scan via London Hearts Supporters Club but excluding two 'Victory matches' in 1919 against the same opposition), scoring one goal.{{NFT player | id = 38411 | access-date = 21 March 2018}}[https://nifootball.blogspot.com/2007/07/bill-mccracken.html?m=1 Bill McCracken], Northern Ireland's Footballing Greats, 31 July 2007 During World War I he helped to arrange two fundraising matches featuring top players and turned out for the England XI in both, facing Ireland on the second occasion.[http://partickthistleahistory.wikifoundry.com/page/1918+-+Scotland+v+England 45,000 view the charity 'national match] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314121340/http://partickthistleahistory.wikifoundry.com/page/1918+-+Scotland+v+England |date=14 March 2016 }}, Sunday Post, 9 June 1918 (via Partick Thistle History Archive)[http://www.englandfootballonline.com/MatchRsl/MatchRslTst.html Testimonials, Clubs and Forces], England Football Online His Ireland teammates included Archie Goodall, Billy Scott, Jack Kirwan and Robert Milne.

McCracken is one of just a few players whose actions have brought changes to the Laws of the Game when, as a right full back at Newcastle, he masterminded the technique of making opposition forwards ruled "offside" when the rules stated that three defenders must be between the attacking player and the goal line. So successful was McCracken's defensive ploy that the Offside Law was changed to "two defenders" between the foremost attacker and the goal line".{{Cite web | title = Does anyone understand the offside law? | work = The Independent | date = 8 June 2006 | access-date = 20 March 2018 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/does-anyone-understand-the-offside-law-481443.html}}{{cite book|last=Harris|first=Tim|title=Players: 250 Men, Women and Animals Who Created Modern Sport|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klPTonGmpXsC&pg=PT462|year=2009|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-4090-8691-8|pages=462–465}} Illustrious Italian coach Vittorio Pozzo, who had personally seen him play, praised McCracken, in his own words, as the 'master of fuori-giuoco (offside)'. According to Pozzo he even wrote a booklet to explain his "offside trick".

Managerial career

After leaving Newcastle he went on to become Hull City manager in 1923, and he took them to the FA Cup semi-final in 1930. He left the club a year later.

He later had a short term in charge of Gateshead, before managing Millwall from 1933 to 1936. He went on to manage the now defunct Aldershot, and later returned to Newcastle as a scout. In the 1970s, with McCracken in his 90s, he was scouting for Watford.{{Cite web | title = A master tactician hated by the fans | first = Hugh | last = Hornby | work = Lancashire Evening Post | date = 18 December 2003 | access-date = 21 March 2018 | url = https://www.lep.co.uk/sport/football/a-master-tactician-hated-by-the-fans-1-138400 | archive-date = 22 March 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180322020839/https://www.lep.co.uk/sport/football/a-master-tactician-hated-by-the-fans-1-138400 | url-status = dead }}