Biosphere model

File:Biosphere_St_Fagans_02.JPG

In climate science, a biosphere model, is used to model the biosphere of Earth, and can be coupled with atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) for modelling the entire climate system. It has been suggested that terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are a more inclusive term than land surface models (LSMs).{{Cite journal|last1=Warren|first1=Jeffrey M.|last2=Hanson|first2=Paul J.|last3=Iversen|first3=Colleen M.|last4=Kumar|first4=Jitendra|last5=Walker|first5=Anthony P.|last6=Wullschleger|first6=Stan D.|date=January 2015|title=Root structural and functional dynamics in terrestrial biosphere models – evaluation and recommendations|journal=New Phytologist|language=en|volume=205|issue=1|pages=59–78|doi=10.1111/nph.13034|pmid=25263989 |issn=0028-646X|doi-access=free}} The representation of roots in TBMs (or LSMs), however, remains relatively crude. Particularly, the dynamic functions of roots and phylogenetic basis of water uptake remain largely absent{{Cite journal|last=Iversen|first=Colleen M.|date=August 2014|title=Using root form to improve our understanding of root function|journal=New Phytologist|language=en|volume=203|issue=3|pages=707–709|doi=10.1111/nph.12902|pmid=25040729 |issn=0028-646X|doi-access=}}{{Cite journal|last1=Knighton|first1=James|last2=Fricke|first2=Evan|last3=Evaristo|first3=Jaivime|last4=Boer|first4=Hugo Jan|last5=Wassen|first5=Martin Joseph|date=2021-09-28|title=Phylogenetic Underpinning of Groundwater Use by Trees|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|language=en|volume=48|issue=18|doi=10.1029/2021GL093858|issn=0094-8276|doi-access=free|url=https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/412872/2021GL093858.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}} in TBMs (or LSMs).

Models

The Daisyworld computer simulation from 1983, calculated how radiant energy increased or decreased, dependent on the albedo effect, based on changes in the biosphere.{{cite journal |last=Wood |first=Andrew J. |author2=G.J. Ackland |author3=J.G. Dyke |author4=H.T.P. Williams |author5=T.M. Lenton |title=Daisyworld: A review |journal=Reviews of Geophysics |volume=48 |issue=RG1001 |publisher=American Geophysical Union |date=2008-01-05 |url=http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2008/2006RG000217.shtml |doi=10.1029/2006RG000217 |pages=RG1001|bibcode = 2008RvGeo..46.1001W |doi-access=free }}

The Simple Biosphere (SiB) model, presented by Sellers et al. in 1986, calculates transfer of energy, mass and momentum of the atmosphere and the vegetated surface of the Earth. The model is designed for use in atmospheric general circulation models, to account for the related climate attribution of the biosphere.{{cite journal|author=Sellers|year=1986|title=A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models|journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences|issue=6|pages=505–531|doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0505:ASBMFU>2.0.CO;2|volume=43|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}} A revised version was published in 1996 and incorporates satellite measurements.{{cite journal|author=Sellers|year=1996|title=A Revised Land Surface Parameterization (SiB2) for Atmospheric GCMS. Part II: The Generation of Global Fields of Terrestrial Biophysical Parameters from Satellite Data|journal=Journal of Climate|pages=707–737|doi=10.1175/1520-0469(1986)043<0505:ASBMFU>2.0.CO;2|volume=9|display-authors=etal|doi-access=free}}

The Ent Dynamic Terrestrial Biosphere Model is a global vegetation model for use with the Earth System Modeling Framework.{{cite web|title=Ent Dynamic Terrestrial Biosphere Model|url=https://www.giss.nasa.gov/projects/ent/|website=Goddard Institute for Space Physics|publisher=NASA|accessdate=27 August 2017|language=en}}

Biosphere model

Models

See also

References

Further reading