Bipin Chandra Pal

{{Infobox person

| name = Bipin Chandra Pal

| image = Bipin Chandra Pal.jpg

| birth_date = {{birth date|1858|11|07|df=y}}

| death_date = {{death date and age|1932|05|20|1858|11|07|df=y}}

| birth_place = Poil, Habiganj, Sylhet District, Bengal Presidency, British India
(present-day in Habiganj district, Bangladesh)

| death_place = Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India
(present-day Kolkata, West Bengal, India)

| alma_mater = University of Calcutta

| movement = Indian Independence movement

| party = Indian National Congress

| organization = Brahmo Samaj

| nationality = Indian

| occupation = Politician
Writer
Indian independence movement activist
Orator
Social reformer

| signature = Bipin Chandra Pal Signature.png

}}

Bipin Chandra Pal ({{langx|bn|বিপিন চন্দ্র পাল}} {{audio|Bipin chandra pal.ogg|pronunciation}}; 7 November 1858 – 20 May 1932) was an Indian nationalist, writer, orator, social reformer and freedom fighter. He was one third of the "Lal Bal Pal" triumvirate.{{cite book |last1=Ashalatha |first1=A. |first2=Pradeep |last2=Koropath |first3=Saritha |last3=Nambarathil | title = Social Science: Standard VIII Part 1 | chapter = Chapter 6 – Indian National Movement | publisher = State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) | year = 2009 | pages = 72 | chapter-url = https://www.itschool.gov.in/pdf/Std_VIII/Social%20Science/SS_VIII_Engpart1.pdf | access-date = 13 October 2011}} He was one of the main architects of the Swadeshi movement. He is known as the Father of Revolutionary Thoughts in India. He also opposed the partition of Bengal by the British colonial government.

Early life and background of Pal

Bipin Chandra Pal was born on 7 November 1858 to a wealthy Bengali Kayastha family in the village of Pail in Habiganj, then part of the Bengal Presidency's Sylhet District.{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia Of Indian War Of Independence (1857–1947)|quote=Bipin Chandra Pal (1858–1932) a patriot, nationalist politician, renowned orator, journalist, and writer. Bipin Chandra Pal was born on 7 November 1858 in Sylhet in a wealthy Hindu Kayastha family|author=M.K. Singh|year=2009|page=130|publisher= Anmol Publications}} His father was Ramchandra Pal, a Persian scholar, and small landowner. His father subsequently joined the Sylhet bar as a lawyer. {{Cite book |last=Pal |first=Bipin |title=Memories of My Life and Times |publisher=The Modern Book Agency |year=1932 |location=Calcutta |pages=22 |language=English}} He studied and taught at the Church Mission Society College (now the St. Paul's Cathedral Mission College), an affiliated college of the University of Calcutta.{{Cite web|url=http://www.stpaulscmcollege.org/alumni-association.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925080918/http://www.stpaulscmcollege.org/alumni-association.html|url-status=dead|title=List of distinguished alumni|archive-date=25 September 2012|access-date=22 December 2019}} He also studied comparative theology for a year (1899-1900) at New Manchester College, Oxford in England but did not finish the course.{{Cite web |date= |title=Making Britain |url=https://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/bepin-chandra-pal |access-date=20 May 2022 |website=The Open University}} His son was Niranjan Pal, one of the founders of Bombay Talkies. One son-in-law was the ICS officer, S. K. Dey, who later became a union minister. His other son-in-law was a freedom fighter Ullaskar Dutta who married Lila Dutta his childhood love.

Family of Bipin Chandra Pal-

Brother- Kunja Govinda Pal

Nephew- Suresh Chandra Pal - Son - Niranjan Pal (founder of Bombay Takies) Grandson- Colin Pal (writer of Shooting Star) film director Great Grandson - Deep Pal (Steadicam camerawork). As revolutionary as he was in politics, Pal was the same in his private life. After his first wife died he married a widow and joined the Brahmo Samaj.{{Cite news |url=https://theprint.in/features/bipin-chandra-pal-as-much-a-revolutionary-in-politics-as-in-his-private-life/146215/|title=Bipin Chandra Pal: As much a revolutionary in politics, as in his private life |work=ThePrint |date=12 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112004218/https://theprint.in/features/bipin-chandra-pal-as-much-a-revolutionary-in-politics-as-in-his-private-life/146215/|access-date=21 March 2020|archive-date=12 January 2020}}

Work

File:Bipin_Chandra_Pal_1958_stamp_of_India.jpg

Pal is known as the Father of Revolutionary Thoughts in India.{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69M3Bqe-WRc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/69M3Bqe-WRc |archive-date=21 December 2021 |url-status=live|title=Bipin Chandra Pal|date=19 May 2014|work=YouTube}}{{cbignore}} Pal became a major leader of the Indian National Congress. At the Madras session of Indian National Congress held in 1887, Bipin Chandra Pal made a strong plea for repeal of the Arms Act which was discriminatory in nature. Along with Lala Lajpat Rai and Bal Gangadhar Tilak he belonged to the Lal-Bal-Pal trio that was associated with revolutionary activity. Sri Aurobindo Ghosh and Pal were recognised as the chief exponents of a new national movement revolving around the ideals of Purna Swaraj, Swadeshi, boycott and national education. His programme consisted of Swadeshi, boycott and national education. He preached and encouraged the use of Swadeshi and the boycott of foreign goods to eradicate poverty and unemployment. He wanted to remove social evils from the form and arouse the feelings of nationalism through national criticism. He had no faith in mild protests in the form of non-cooperation with the British colonial government. On that one issue, the assertive nationalist leader had nothing in common with Mahatma Gandhi. During the last six years of his life, he parted company with the Congress and led a secluded life. Sri Aurobindo referred to him as one of mightiest prophets of nationalism. Bipin Chandra Pal made efforts to remove social and economic ills. He opposed the caste system and advocated widow remarriage. He advocated a 48-hour working week and demanded a hike in the wages of workers. He expressed his disdain for Gandhi's ways, which he criticised for being rooted in "magic" instead of "logic".

As a journalist, Pal worked for Bengal Public Opinion, The Tribune and New India, where he propagated his brand of nationalism.{{Cite book|url=http://studentsmorningstar.com/Books.aspx|title=Total History & Civics|last=Sequeira|first=Dolly|publisher=Morning Star (A unit of MSB Publishers Pvt. Ltd)|year=2018|location=India|pages=53|access-date=10 December 2018|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403082409/http://studentsmorningstar.com/Books.aspx|url-status=dead}} He wrote several articles warning India of the changes happening in China and other geopolitical situations. In one of his writings, describing where the future danger for India would come from, Pal wrote under the title "Our Real Danger".{{Cite book|title=Uneasy neighbours : India and China after 50 years of the war|last=Madhav|first=Ram|publisher=New Delhi: Har-Anand Publications|year=2014|isbn=978-81-241-1788-0|pages=10, 11, 12}}

Lal Bal Pal.jpg|Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab, Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra, and Bipin Chandra Pal (right) of Bengal, the triumvirate were popularly known as Lal Bal Pal, changed the political discourse of the Indian independence movement.

Bipin Chandra Pal

Early life and background of Pal

Work

References

Further reading