Birth name

File:Marilyn Monroe Birth Certificate original (cropped).jpg displays her name at birth: Norma Jeane Mortenson]]

The birth name is the name of the person given upon their birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name or to the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a births register or birth certificate may by that fact alone become the person's legal name.{{cite web|url=http://www.connexionfrance.com/france-must-use-womans-maiden-name-correspondence-15398-view-article.html|title=French administration must routinely use woman's maiden name in letters|date=27 January 2014|work=The Connexion|quote=Laws have existed since the French Revolution stating that 'no citizen can use a first name or surname other than that written on their birth certificate' – but many official organisations address both partners by the husband's surname.|access-date=1 February 2014}} The assumption in the Western world is often that the name from birth (or perhaps from baptism or brit milah) will persist to adulthood in the normal course of affairs—either throughout life or until marriage. Some possible changes concern middle names, diminutive forms, changes relating to parental status (due to one's parents' divorce or adoption by different parents), and changes related to gender transition. Matters are very different in some cultures in which a birth name is for childhood only, rather than for life.

Maiden and married names

{{About||the use of "née" and "né" on Wikipedia|MOS:NEE|and|MOS:NE|selfref=yes}}

The terms née (feminine) and né (masculine; both pronounced {{IPAc-en|n|eɪ|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Birth name.wav}}; {{ety|fr|né[e]|born}}), adopted into English from French, have been used to indicate a pre-marital or maiden name, or an original birth name that was later changed.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=btb1AwAAQBAJ&q=n%C3%A9e+meaning&pg=PA108|title=New Hart's Rules: The Oxford Style Guide|last=Waddingham|first=Anne|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199570027|language=en}}

The term née, having feminine grammatical gender, can be used to denote a woman's surname at birth that has been replaced or changed. In most English-speaking cultures, it is specifically applied to a woman's maiden name after her surname has changed due to marriage.{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/n%C3%A9e?q=n%C3%A9e|title=née - definition of née in English from the Oxford dictionary}} The term né, having masculine grammatical gender, can be used to denote a man's surname at birth which has subsequently been replaced or changed.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-zPKDAAAQBAJ&q=n%C3%A9+and+n%C3%A9e&pg=PT866|title=Fowler's Concise Dictionary of Modern English Usage|last=Butterfield|first=Jeremy|date=10 March 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780191062308|language=en}} The diacritic marks (the acute accent) are considered significant to its spelling, and ultimately its meaning, but are sometimes omitted. According to Oxford University's Dictionary of Modern English Usage, the terms are typically placed after the current surname (e.g. 'Ann Smith, née Jones' or 'Adam Smith, né Jones').{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2xv4CwAAQBAJ&q=usage+of+n%C3%A9+and+n%C3%A9e&pg=PT2246|title=Garner's Modern English Usage|last=Garner|first=Bryan|date=11 March 2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190491505|language=en}} Because they are terms adopted into English from French, they do not have to be italicized, but often are.

In Polish tradition, the term de domo (literally meaning "of house" in Latin) may be used, with rare exceptions meaning the same as née.{{efn|In historical contexts "de domo" may refer to a Polish heraldic clan, e.g., "Paulus de Glownia nobilis de domo Godzamba" (Paul of Glownia noble family, of Godziemba coat of arms). See also De domo (disambiguation).}}

Notes

References

Category:Human names

Category:Birth