Bismuth(III) iodide
{{chembox
| ImageFile = Bismuth-triiodide-layer-3D-balls.png
| ImageFile1 = Bismuth-triiodide-layers-stacking-3D-balls.png
| ImageFile2 = YBr3structure.jpg
| ImageFile3 = Bismuth(III) iodide.jpg
| IUPACName = Bismuth(III) iodide
| OtherNames = Bismuth iodide, bismuth triiodide
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| Abbreviations =
| ChemSpiderID = 21172753
| InChI = 1/Bi.3HI.3H/h;3*1H;;;/q+3;;;;;;/p-3/rBiH3.3HI/h1H3;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
| SMILES = [I-].[I-].[I-].[BiH3+3]
| InChIKey = HXTWPIJUKIDKIH-ZPTXHWADAA
| CASNo = 7787-64-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = BGX9X3FOLL
| EINECS = 232-127-4
| PubChem = 111042}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = BiI3
| MolarMass = 589.69{{nbsp}}g/mol
| Appearance = Greenish-black crystals
| Density = 5.778{{nbsp}}g/cm3
| MeltingPtC = 408.6
| MeltingPt_ref =
| BoilingPtC = 542
| BoilingPt_ref = {{Citation
| last = Norman
| first = Nicholas C.
| year = 1998
| title = Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
| publisher = Springer
| isbn = 0-7514-0389-X
| page = 95
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&pg=PA187 | access-date = 2008-06-03
}}
| Solubility = 0.7761{{nbsp}}mg/100{{nbsp}}mL (20{{nbsp}}°C)
| SolubleOther = 50{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL ethanol
50{{nbsp}}g/100{{nbsp}}mL 2{{nbsp}}M hydrochloric acid
| Solvent =
| SolubilityProduct = 7.71{{e|−19}}{{cite book |author1=John Rumble |title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1138561632 |pages=5–188|edition=99 |language=English}}
| pKa =
| pKb =
| MagSus = −200.5·10−6{{nbsp}}cm3/mol}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = Trigonal, hR24
| SpaceGroup = R-3, No. 148
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =
| MainHazards =
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
| NFPA-S =
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|264|280|301+330+331|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|321|363|405|501}}
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
| ExploLimits =
| PEL = }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = Bismuth(III) fluoride
Bismuth(III) chloride
Bismuth(III) bromide
| OtherCations = Nitrogen triiodide
Phosphorus triiodide
Antimony triiodide
}}
}}
Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis.
{{Citation
| year= 2003
| contribution= Bismuth iodide
| title= McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms
| publisher=McGraw-Hill
| url=http://www.answers.com/topic/bismuth-iodide?cat=technology
| access-date = 2008-06-19
{{Citation
| last1 = Turner, Jr.
| first1 = Francis M.
| last2 = Berolzheimer
| first2 = Daniel D.
| last3 = Cutter
| first3 = William P.
| last4 = Helfrich
| first4 = John
| year = 1920
| title = The Condensed Chemical Dictionary
| location = New York
| publisher = Chemical Catalog Company
| page = 107
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=y8y0XE0nsYEC&q=%22Bismuth+triiodide%22&pg=PA107
| access-date = 2008-06-19
}}
Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a distinctive crystal structure, with iodide centres occupying a hexagonally closest-packed lattice, and bismuth centres occupying either none or two-thirds of the octahedral holes (alternating by layer), therefore it is said to occupy one third of the total octahedral holes.
{{Citation
| last1 = Smart
| first1 = Lesley
| last2 = Moore
| first2 = Elaine A.
| year = 2005
| title = Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction
| publisher = CRC Press
| isbn = 0-7487-7516-1
| page = 40
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vDPZLVAoRqQC&q=%22Bismuth+triiodide%22&pg=PA40
| access-date = 2008-06-19
{{Citation
| last1 = Mackay
| first1 = Rosemary Ann
| last2 = Henderson
| first2 = W.
| year = 2002
| title = Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry
| publisher = CRC Press
| isbn = 0-7487-6420-8
| pages = 122–6
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e9SjYftJmOYC&q=%22Bismuth+triiodide%22&pg=PA126
| access-date = 2008-06-19
}}
Synthesis
Bismuth(III) iodide forms upon heating an intimate mixture of iodine and bismuth powder:{{cite book |last1= Watt|first1=George W.|last2=Hakki|first2=Wafai W.|last3=Choppin|first3=Gregory R.|chapter=Bismuth(III) Iodide |title= Inorganic Syntheses |series= Inorganic Syntheses |year= 1953 |volume= 4 |pages= 114–116 |doi= 10.1002/9780470132357.ch38|isbn=978-0-470-13163-3 }}{{Citation | last1 = Erdmann | first1 = Hugo | author-link = Hugo Erdmann | last2 = Dunlap | first2 = Frederick Leavy | year = 1900 | title = Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis | location = New York | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | page = 76 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IxlIAAAAIAAJ&q=%22Bismuth+iodide%22&pg=PA76 | access-date = 2008-06-19 }}
:2Bi + 3I2 → 2BiI3
BiI3 can also be made by the reaction of bismuth oxide with aqueous hydroiodic acid:{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|page=559}}
:Bi2O3(s) + 6HI(aq) → 2BiI3(s) + 3H2O(l)
Reactions
Since bismuth(III) iodide is insoluble in water, an aqueous solution can be tested for the presence of Bi3+ ions by adding a source of iodide such as potassium iodide. A black precipitate of bismuth(III) iodide indicates a positive test.
{{Citation
| last1 = Bruno
| first1 = Thomas J.
| last2 = Svoronos
| first2 = Paris D. N.
| year = 2003
| title = Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis
| publisher = CRC Press
| isbn = 0-8493-1573-5
| page = 549
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AFY2gKwh4AsC&q=%22Bismuth(III)+iodide%22&pg=PA549
| access-date = 2008-06-19
}}
Bismuth(III) iodide forms iodobismuth(III) anions when heated with halide donors:
{{Citation
| last = Norman
| first = Nicholas C.
| year = 1998
| title = Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
| publisher = Springer
| isbn = 0-7514-0389-X
| pages = 168–70
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vVhpurkfeN4C&q=%22Bismuth(III)+iodide%22&pg=PA187
| access-date = 2008-06-19
}}
:2 NaI + BiI3 → Na2[BiI5]
Bismuth(III) iodide catalyzes the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Bi(III) is also used in a Barbier type allylation of carbonyl compounds in combination with a reducing agent such as zinc or magnesium.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Bismuth compounds}}
{{Iodides}}