Bit-oriented protocol

{{More references|date=February 2024}}

A bit-oriented protocol is a communications protocol that sees the transmitted data as an opaque stream of bits with no semantics, or meaning. Control codes are defined in terms of bit sequences instead of characters. Bit oriented protocol can transfer data frames regardless of frame contents. It can also be stated as "bit stuffing".

Synchronous framing High-Level Data Link Control may work like this:{{cite book |editor1-last=Lam |editor1-first=Simon S. |title=Principles of Communication and Networking Protocols, |date=1984 |publisher=IEEE Computer Society Press |isbn=0-8186-0582-0 |page=67 |url=https://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/lam/Vita/IEEEbook/Chapter2.PDF |access-date=February 11, 2024}}

• Each frame begins and ends with a special bit pattern 01111110, called a flag byte.
• A bit stuffing technique is used to prevent the receiver from detecting the special flag byte in user data e.g. whenever the sender's data link layer encounters 5 consecutive 1 (one) in the data, it automatically stuffs 0 into the outgoing stream.