Blandford fly

{{Short description|Species of fly}}

{{For|the bottled ale|Hall & Woodhouse#Other brands}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}

{{Globalize|date=March 2012}}

{{Speciesbox

| taxon = Simulium posticatum

| authority = Meigen, 1838

| synonyms = *S. austeni Edwards, 1915

• S. pseudoreptans Enderlein, 1935
• S. venustum Old World authors
• S. verecundum Old World authors

{{cite journal

| author = Peter H. Adler & Roger W. Crosskey

| year = 2009

| title = World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory

| pages = 109 (Dead link)

| url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/blackflies/SimulidIntro.html

}}

}}

The Blandford fly (Simulium posticatum) is a species of black fly. It is a biting insect found in Europe, Turkey and western Siberia. It spends its larval stage in the weedbeds of slow flowing rivers and when the fly emerges, the female seeks a blood meal before mating. It usually bites the lower legs causing pain, itching and swelling. Scratching the irritated areas can lead to breaks in the skin, after which infection may set in.

The Blandford fly's English common name derives from a major outbreak of people being bitten around the town of Blandford Forum in Dorset, England, in the 1960s and 1970s.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hereford-worcester-13427628|title=Herefordshire bite allergies blamed on Blandford fly|publisher=BBC|accessdate=June 27, 2012|date=2011-05-17}} In a four-week period during the spring of 1972, some 600 people were estimated to have visited their doctors in Blandford to be treated for insect bites.{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A6756519 |title=The Blandford Fly |publisher=BBC |work=Guide to Life, The Universe and Everything |accessdate=2008-07-01}}

In the late 1980s, Dorset County Council asked the Institute for Freshwater Ecology (now the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology), then based in Wareham, Dorset, to investigate a means of ameliorating the problem. They suggested using a biological, bacterial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), which was sprayed into the weed beds, resulting in the destruction of 80–90% of the Blandford fly larvae and a corresponding reduction in the numbers of people bitten.[http://www.pesticides.gov.uk/PSD_PDFs/Evaluations/101_bti_(1).pdf Evaluation of Bti] - Advisory Committee on Pesticides 1994 Indeed, it is reported that the number of people bitten has dropped to less than one hundredth of those affected in 1989.{{cite news |url=http://www.north-dorset.gov.uk/news/blandford_fly_may04.doc |title=Blandford fly bites minimised following river treatment |publisher=North Dorset District Council |date=2004-05-27}}{{Dead link|date=March 2012}}

Recently, the fly has begun affecting people in other parts of southern England, including built up areas, probably encouraged by garden water features.