Blitzar
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Distinguish|Blitzer (disambiguation){{!}}blitzer}}
{{short description|Hypothetical type of neutron star}}
In astronomy, blitzars are a hypothetical type of neutron star, specifically pulsars that can rapidly collapse into black holes if their spinning slows down. Heino Falcke and Luciano Rezzolla proposed these stars in 2013 as an explanation for fast radio bursts.{{cite journal |author1=Heino Falcke |author2=Luciano Rezzolla |year=2014 |title=Fast radio bursts: The last sign of supramassive neutron stars |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=562 |page=A137 |arxiv=1307.1409 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201321996 |bibcode=2014A&A...562A.137F |s2cid=32284857}}
Overview
These stars, if they exist, are thought to start from a neutron star with a mass that would cause it to collapse into a black hole if it were not rapidly spinning. Instead, the neutron star spins fast enough so that its centrifugal force overcomes gravity. This makes the neutron star a typical but doomed pulsar whose strong magnetic field radiates energy away and slows its spin.
Eventually the weakening centrifugal force is no longer able to halt the pulsar from collapsing into a black hole. At that moment, part of the pulsar's magnetic field outside the black hole is suddenly cut off from its vanished source. This magnetic energy is instantly transformed into a burst of wide spectrum radio energy.{{refn|name="Thornton"|
{{cite journal
|last1=Thornton |first1=D. |last2=Stappers |first2=B.
|last3=Bailes |first3=M. |last4=Barsdell |first4=B.
|last5=Bates |first5=S. |last6= Bhat |first6=N.D.R.
|last7=Burgay |first7=M. |last8= Burke-Spolaor |first8=S.
|last9=Champion |first9=D.J. |last10=Coster |first10=P.
|last11=d'Amico |first11=N. |last12=Jameson |first12=A.
|last13=Johnston |first13=S. |last14=Keith |first14=M.
|last15=Kramer |first15=M. |last16=Levin |first16=L.
|last17=Milia |first17=S. |last18=Ng |first18=C.
|last19=Possenti |first19=A. |last20=van Straten |first20=W.
|display-authors=6
|date=5 July 2013
|title=A population of fast radio bursts at cosmological distances
|journal=Science
|volume=341 |issue=6141 |pages=53–56
|doi=10.1126/science.1236789 |arxiv= 1307.1628
|bibcode= 2013Sci...341...53T |pmid=23828936
|s2cid= 206548502
}}
As of January 2015, seven{{cite press release |title=Extremely short, sharp flash of radio waves from unknown source in the universe, caught as it was happening |date=2015-01-19 |website=ScienceDaily |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150119083254.htm |access-date=2016-03-03}} radio events detected so far might represent such possible collapses; they are projected to occur every 10 seconds within the observable universe. Because the magnetic field had previously cleared the surrounding space of gas and dust, there is no nearby material that will fall into the new black hole. Thus there is no burst of X-rays or gamma rays that usually happens when other black holes form.
If blitzars exist, they may offer a new way to observe details of black hole formation.{{cite web |author1=Falcke, Heino |author2=Rezzolla, Luciano |title=Blitzars: Fast radio bursts from supramassive rotating neutron stars |department=Astronomy |publisher=Radboud University |place=Nijmegen, NL |url=http://www.astro.ru.nl/~falcke/PR/blitzar/ |access-date=8 July 2013}}
References
{{reflist|refs=
{{cite press release
|title=Afscheidsgroet van een stervende ster |lang=nl
|date=4 July 2013
|publisher=Radboud University
|place=Nijmegen, NL
|url=http://www.ru.nl/@894031/afscheidsgroet/
|access-date=26 July 2015
}}
{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{cite press release
|title=Mysterious radio flashes may be farewell greetings from massive stars collapsing into black holes
|date=July 2013
|website=ScienceDaily
|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130705101626.htm
}}
{{cite press release
|title=Cosmic radio bursts point to cataclysmic origin
|date=July 2013
|website=ScienceDaily
|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130705102031.htm
}}
}}
{{star}}
{{Neutron star}}