Bogotá Metro

The construction of the Metro de Bogotá has been the subject of debates and studies since the 1940s when the collapse of the Bogotá Tramways made the need for a modern form of mass transport for the fast-growing metropolis evident. It has been suggested that the track routes of the defunct Bogotá Savannah Railway be utilized for the city's new metro system. Currently Bogotá has no rail service and its public transport system relies on the bus rapid transit system TransMilenio.

General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla began the process of contracting the studies of the metro with NYCTA. However, due to the coup that deposed his government, the project stagnated. In 1955, the city's government opted for bus-based transportation.

In 1981, Fedesarrollo performed a series of studies to estimate the cost of five lines. The project consisted of a 92 Km "main" line, with a construction period of five years for the first line, and an average cost of USD $797 millions. Nevertheless, due to the possibility of the 1986 World Cup being held in Colombia, the Armero tragedy and the Palace of Justice siege, the project was archived.

In 1987, six countries proposed alternatives to build the metro. In 1988, during Virgilio Barco's city government, it was announced that negotiations to construct the metro were being held with the Italian firm Intermetro.{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-15752519|title=Siete décadas de planes y ni un kilómetro de metro|date=14 May 2015}}

In 1990, the city government and the national government agreed on the technical and juridical aspects of the metro, however a consensus about the financing method was not reached. More than thirty options to finance the system, including a tax on gas.{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-36064|title=Del Metro De Bogotá Ya Hay Centímetros|author=El Tiempo|date=13 December 1990}} Due to these difficulties and the economical and social instability of the country at that time, the project was postponed indefinitely.

In 1991, Jaime Castro created the Metro de Bogotá company, he contracted feasibility, financing and construction studies.

In 1996, the mayor Antanas Mockus along with JICA released the Santafé de Bogotá Transportation Plan.{{Cite journal|url=|title=Informe Final (Informe Principal)|last=Agencia de Cooperación Internacional de Japón|date=1996|journal=Estudio del Plan Maestro de Transporte Urbano de la Ciudad de Santafé de Bogotá en Colombia|publisher=Chodai Co. Ltd en asociación con Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd|access-date=|doi=|pmid=}}

In 1996, Law 336: National Transportation Statute was passed. This law, commonly called "the metro law", mandates that the national government must contribute to the construction of a metropolitan rail system in Bogotá.{{Cite web|url=http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=351|title=Compilación de la Legislación Aplicable al Distrito Capital :: RÈgimen Legal de Bogotá}}

During 1996 and 1997, the National Planning Department (DNP) hired Fedesarrollo to define the financial and institutional strategy of the Sistema Integrado de Transporte Masivo (SITM - Mass Transit Integrated System) and the first metro line. The national government had already promised to cover 70% of the total cost, however the amount presented by Fedesarrollo was considered "too high".

In 1999, Colombia's economy went through a recession, which cut most of the funds destined for investing. Additionally, the crisis of the Social Security Institute (ISS) caused the government to invest heavily in it, to prevent its collapse. Since the government could not use the ISS's reserves to cover the deficits, it was forced to search for private investment, impacting interest rates. This caused the metro to be postponed again, since Bogotá was in need of a mass transit system after the collapse of the tramways and trolleybuses, a BRT system (Transmilenio) was constructed.{{cite web|url=http://www.idu.gov.co/sist_trans/primera_linea_metro.htm|title=Primera línea del Metro|author=Instituto de Desarrollo Urbano|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040812035536/http://www.idu.gov.co/sist_trans/primera_linea_metro.htm|archive-date=12 August 2004}}

After the inauguration of the BRT, the metro project did not progress and was commonly used as a political tool to catch voters in local elections.

In 2007, Bogotá City Council approved the budget for year 2008, including the amount to begin with feasibility studies. A week after, the president Álvaro Uribe backed the initiative to build the metro with some conditions: Phase III of Transmilenio must be continued as prevised, and that the metro should be auto-sustainable.{{cite web|url=http://web.presidencia.gov.co/sp/2007/noviembre/03/03032007.html|title=Gobierno está dispuesto a contribuir con Metro de Bogotá, dice Presidente Uribe|access-date=18 August 2008|author=Presidencia de la República|date=3 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821135609/http://web.presidencia.gov.co/sp/2007/noviembre/03/03032007.html|archive-date=21 August 2008}}{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento-2013/MAM-2717155|title=Uribe se sube a la idea del metro|author=El tiempo|date=3 November 2007}}

On March 19, 2008, the public tender for the design of the metro was published by Bogotá's city hall. Initially, 56 firms from 27 countries submitted their request.{{cite web|url=http://www.dinero.com/noticias-transporte/avanza-metro-bogota/51645.aspx|title=Avanza el Metro de Bogotá|access-date=24 June 2009|author=Revista Dinero|date=27 August 2008}} The number decreased to only six in may, and from these, only three complied with the requisites in order to ask funding from the World Bank: Ineco-Metro de Madrid, Davies and Gleave (United Kingdom) and Sener-Transporte Metropolitano de Barcelona, which won the contract.{{cite web|url=http://www.caracol.com.co/nota.aspx?id=663889|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101180724/http://www.caracol.com.co/nota.aspx?id=663889|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 1, 2013|title=Solo tres firmas competirán por los diseños del Metro para Bogotá|access-date=24 June 2009|author=Caracol Radio|date=3 September 2008}} The selected consortium had a one-year term (until June 2009), to determine the outline of the first line, ticket fare, construction cost and the amount that the district and national government would have to pay; construction would start in the second half of 2011. The first line outline must, also, include transfers between the regular buses, BRT and the Bogotá's Savannah commuter rail.{{cite web|url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/articulo147207-transmilenio-metro-y-tren-no-pueden-ser-independientes-uno-del-otro-u|title=Transmilenio, metro y tren no pueden ser independientes uno del otro: Uribe|access-date=24 June 2009|author=El Espectador|date=23 June 2009}}

The first delays occurred when Sener-Transporte Metropolitano de Barcelona, after receiving COP $19 600 million (USD $9.9 million) from the city government, stated that the studies would not be finished before July 20, 2009. The company was granted three extensions to the original term.{{cite web|url=http://www.caracol.com.co/nota.aspx?id=833480|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102031829/http://www.caracol.com.co/nota.aspx?id=833480|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 2, 2013|title=Vuelven a aplazar entrega de estudios del Metro para Bogotá|access-date=24 June 2009|author=Caracol Radio|date=23 June 2009}}{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/aplazan-nuevamente-la-entrega-de-los-estudios-del-metro-de-bogota_5509607-1|title=Aplazan nuevamente la entrega de los estudios del Metro de Bogotá|access-date=24 June 2009|author=Yesid Lancheros|date=23 June 2009|editor=El Tiempo}} The DNP stated that the solution of technical problems was mandatory in order to receive national government funding.{{cite web|url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/articulo146461-gobierno-no-financiara-el-metro-si-no-se-corrigen-problemas-tecnicos|title=Se enreda financiación del Metro por parte de la Nación|access-date=24 June 2009|author=Paula Castillo Lenis|date=18 June 2009|editor=El Espectador}}

File:Metro Bogotá Fase I.png

On August 19, 2009, Sener-Transporte Metropolitano de Barcelona (TMB), determined four routes for the metro: Calle 127 from Carrera 7 to Boyacá Av. in Usaquén district, going southwards through Boyacá Av. until Caracas Av., in Usme district; Primero de Mayo Av.; 68 Av. and; Carrera 13.{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/estan-listos-los-cuatro-corredores-de-donde-saldra-la-primera-linea-del-metro-de-bogota-_5882467-1|title=Están listos los cuatro corredores de donde saldrá la primera línea del Metro de Bogotá|author=Yesid Lancheros|editor=El Tiempo|date=19 August 2009|access-date=29 August 2009}}{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/ARCHIVO/ARCHIVO-5885105-0.pdf|title=Documento PDF anexo|editor=El Tiempo|date=19 August 2009|access-date=29 August 2009}} The city mayor, Samuel Moreno, had previously proposed that the first line should go from Kennedy district, through Ferrocarril Av. until the Sabana Station, from there to downtown Bogotá through Calle 13, then northwards through Carrrera 7, and finally, westwards through Calle 72 until Engativá district.{{cite news |author=Martínez, J. |url=http://www.dinero.com/wf_InfoArticulo.aspx?IdArt=41652 |title=En 2010 se iniciará construcción del metro |newspaper=Revista Dinero |language=Spanish |date=November 19, 2007 |access-date=July 21, 2008 |archive-date=September 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925093415/http://www.dinero.com/wf_InfoArticulo.aspx?IdArt=41652 |url-status=dead }}

A week after, mayor Moreno and president Uribe revealed officially the metro project: A subway beginning at Portal Américas, through Villavicencio Av., Primero de Mayo Av., Ferrocarril del Sur Av., Calle 22, Colon Av., Carrera 7, Carrera 13 and Carrera 11 until Calle 127.{{cite web|url=http://www3.terra.com.co/noticias/articulo/html/acu24562-uribe-y-moreno-definen-la-primera-linea-del-metro.htm|title=Uribe y Moreno definen la primera línea del Metro|editor=Terra Colombia|date=27 August 2009|access-date=29 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721171642/http://www.terra.com.co/noticias/articulo/html/acu24562-uribe-y-moreno-definen-la-primera-linea-del-metro.htm|archive-date=21 July 2013}} The cost of the first line was COP $13,9 billion pesos (USD $3.9 million). It consisted of 27 Km., 20 of them underground. The final cost would be financed 70% by the national government, and also with future earnings of the metro.{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/gobierno-nacional-autoriza-300-mil-millones-de-pesos-anuales-para-metro_7777597-1#vinculoComentar|title=Gobierno Nacional autoriza 300 mil millones de pesos anuales para metro y TransMilenio|author=El Tiempo}} The cost differs from other similar projects, such as the Quito Metro in Ecuador due to Bogotá's complex soil.{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/multimedia/especiales/transporte-en-ecuador-el-metro-de-quito-estara-listo-en-el-2018/14980737|title=El metro de Quito estará listo en el 2018|editor=El Tiempo|date=8 February 2015|access-date=10 February 2015}}

In September 2009, Bogotá's mayor Samuel Moreno, announced that the system might be in operation by 2016.{{cite news|date=June 28, 2010|title=Gobierno Nacional autoriza 300 mil millones de pesos anuales para metro y TransMilenio|newspaper=El Tiempo|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-7777597}}File:Sistema Transmimetro.png

In 2010, fiscal troubles besieged the city during Moreno's tenure and critics condemning Moreno's "improvisation" in the contracts arose from the congress.{{cite web|url=http://www.semana.com/noticias-desarrollo-urbano/despelote-disenos-para-metro-bogota/124916.aspx|title=Despelote en diseños para Metro en Bogotá|author=Semana.com|date=9 June 2009|access-date=24 June 2009}} Moreno was arrested for improprieties in the appropriation of city contracts for public works projects, this was part of the Carrusel de la Contratación scandal.{{Cite web | url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/articulo-266979-pliego-de-cargos-contra-samuel-moreno-carrusel-de-contratacion |title = Samuel Moreno, suspendido por tres meses del cargo|date = 2011-05-03}} This threw the fiscal feasibility of the Metro project into doubt and the project was paralyzed. As of 2011, the administration of the new mayor Gustavo Petro announced that it would push for construction to start in 2013, he also stated that the metro should go to the northwestern Suba District, the most populous in the city.{{Cite web | url=http://www.radionacionaldecolombia.gov.co/index.php?option=com_topcontent&view=article&id=24160:administracion-petro-aspira-dejar-lista-troncal-de-tm-por-la-boyaca-y-grandes-avances-en-el-metro&catid=1:noticias | title=Radio Nacional de Colombia}}

On May 5, 2013, mayor Petro announced the "final agreement" for the construction of the metro.{{cite web|url=http://www.elnuevosiglo.com.co/articulos/5-2013-ingenier%C3%ADa-b%C3%A1sica-del-metro-en-18-meses.html|title=Ingeniería básica del Metro en 18 meses|access-date=16 September 2014|author=El Nuevo Siglo.co|date=4 May 2013|archive-date=14 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014132243/http://www.elnuevosiglo.com.co/articulos/5-2013-ingenier%C3%ADa-b%C3%A1sica-del-metro-en-18-meses.html|url-status=dead|quote=...se anunció que el miércoles se firmará el contrato de ingeniería básica como antesala de la licitación para la construcción de la primera línea del metro de Bogotá}} That agreement would validate the previous studies and the construction would begin in 2014.{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-12789156|title=Se firmó contrato de estudios y diseño de la primera línea del metro|access-date=16 September 2014|author=El Tiempo.com|date=9 May 2013|quote=Es la primera vez en años que el proyecto del metro pesado en Bogotá da un paso en firme.}} Four days after, he signed the final studies for the project. These would be finished 15 months after this date, in September 2014.{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XVWUv9mGV1Q|title=El Metro de Bogotá es una realidad - Palabras del alcalde Gustavo Petro (Youtube)|website=YouTube|date=10 May 2013}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}

On October 7, 2014, Petro presented the final studies for the underground metro.{{Cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/estudios-finales-metro-de-bogota/14651940|title=Metro de Bogotá tendrá trenes sin conductor; obra cuesta 15 billones|access-date=26 September 2016|publisher=El Tiempo}} The estimated cost was COP $15 billion (about USD $7 million), more expensive than the 2009 project.{{Cite news|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/multimedia/fotos/bogot1/primeras-imagenes-del-metro-de-bogota/14651748|title=Fotos: Presentaron los estudios finales para el Metro de Bogotá|access-date=26 September 2016|publisher=El Tiempo}} The estimated inauguration date was 2021. However he could not finish the project before his term in office finished.{{Cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/estudios-finales-metro-de-bogota/14651940|title=Metro de Bogotá tendrá trenes sin conductor; obra cuesta 15 billones - Bogotá - El Tiempo|access-date=28 February 2016|last=Tiempo|first=Casa Editorial El|language=es-CO|website=El Tiempo}}

In 2016, Enrique Peñalosa was elected mayor. On April 4, he announced the design of the stations of the new project. His proposal was an elevated metro, less expensive than the previous metro. On April 25, the city council approved the creation of the Metro de Bogotá company, 70% of the Board Directors will be appointed by the national government and 30% by the local government, it also will have independence from the local government.{{cite news|title=Alcaldía de Bogotá pedirá al Concejo crear la empresa Metro|url=http://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/alcaldia-de-bogota-pedira-al-concejo-crear-empresa-metr-articulo-618719|access-date=25 February 2016|publisher=El Espectador|date=25 February 2016}}

On September 17, 2016, mayor Peñalosa and president Juan Manuel Santos presented the definitive outline of the project: from Portal Américas until Calle 127. It was announced that the metro would be constructed in three phases: first, from Portal Américas through Villavicencio Av., Primero de Mayo Av., NQS Av., Calle 1 until Caracas Av.; the second phase would go through Caracas Av. from Calle 1 up to Calle 72; and the third phase would go from Calle 72 up to Calle 127.

In January 2017, president Santos signed the CONPES document that would set the financing of the project.{{cite news|title=Metro de Bogotá irá desde el Portal Américas hasta la calle 127|url=http://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/trazado-del-metro-de-bogota-desde-portal-americas-hasta-la-calle-127/494055|access-date=17 September 2016|publisher=Revista Semana|date=17 September 2016}}{{cite news|title=Nación aprobó 15 billones para el metro, regiotram y TM para Soacha|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/se-posesiono-gerente-de-la-empresa-metro-de-bogota/16789707|access-date=10 January 2017|publisher=El Tiempo|date=10 January 2017}} In November, the co-financing agreement was approved by the Superior Council of Fiscal Politics (CONFIS).{{cite news|title=Asegurados recursos de la Nación por $15,1 billones para el metro de Bogotá|url=https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/asegurados-recursos-de-la-nacion-por-151-billones-para-el-metro-de-bogota-articulo-722291|access-date=13 November 2017|publisher=El Espectador|date=9 November 2017}}{{cite news|title=El metro sin reversa: Nación y Distrito ponen firma definitiva para financiarlo|url=http://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/gobierno-y-alcaldia-de-bogota-firman-convenio-definitivo-de-financiacion-del-metro/546672|access-date=13 November 2017|publisher=Revista Semana|date=11 November 2017}}

In October 2018, the requisites to participate in the public tender for the metro were published.{{cite news|title=Metro de Bogotá: más de 100 empresas nacionales e internacionales quieren licitar|url=https://conexioncapital.co/metro-bogota-100-empresas-quieren-licitar/|access-date=1 November 2018|agency=Canal Capital|date=1 November 2018}} In November, 102 interested companies assisted to the audience for the requisites in order to participate in the tender.{{cite news|title=102 empresas interesadas en construir la primera línea del metro|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/audiencia-sobre-el-metro-de-bogota-288284|access-date=1 November 2018|publisher=El Tiempo|date=1 November 2018}}{{cite news|title=Empresa Metro expone requisitos para posibles oferentes del proyecto|url=https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/empresa-metro-expone-requisitos-para-posibles-proponentes-articulo-821323|access-date=1 November 2018|publisher=El Espectador|date=1 November 2018}}

In February 2019, seven consortia sent their proposals for the public tender.{{Cite web|url=http://www.bogota.gov.co/temas-de-ciudad/obras-y-desarrollo-urbano/consorcios-para-construir-el-metro-de-bogota|title=Siete consorcios internacionales quieren desarrollar el Metro de Bogotá|access-date=25 February 2019|website=www.bogota.gov.co}} In June 28, Mayor Peñalosa and president Iván Duque opened the public tender.{{cite news|title=¡Histórico! Se abre la licitación del Metro de Bogotá|url=https://conexioncapital.co/historico-se-abre-la-licitacion-del-metro-de-bogota/|access-date=28 June 2019|agency=Canal Capital|date=28 June 2019}}{{cite news|title=Se abre licitación para elegir consorcio a cargo del metro|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/abren-licitacion-para-elegir-consorcio-que-hara-el-metro-de-bogota-381642|access-date=28 June 2019|publisher=El Tiempo|date=28 June 2019}} On the last days of the next month, the public tender for the audit was released.{{cite news|title=Abren convocatoria para interventor del Metro de Bogotá por $317.000 millones|url=https://www.larepublica.co/economia/abren-convocatoria-para-interventor-del-metro-de-bogota-por-317000-millones-2887954|access-date=23 July 2019|publisher=El Espectador|date=23 July 2019}} In August 2019, five consortia were pre-selected after publishing their requisites.{{Cite web|url=https://www.elespectador.com/noticias/bogota/recomposicion-de-consorcios-quedan-cinco-proponentes-para-la-licitacion-del-metro-de-bogota-articulo-876530|title=Recomposición de consorcios: quedan cinco proponentes para la licitación del metro de Bogotá|access-date=19 August 2018|date=19 August 2018|publisher=El Espectador|language=ES}} On October 3, the tender closed and only two firms turned in their proposals: Metro de Bogotá, mostly composed of Mexican capital, and «APCA Transmimetro» composed of Chinese capital.{{cite news|title=¿Cuáles son los dos consorcios que compiten por el Metro de Bogotá?|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/metro-de-bogota-consorcios-y-su-experiencia-que-compiten-por-hacerlo-419288|access-date=9 October 2019|publisher=El Tiempo|date=3 October 2019}} Finally, on October 16, 2019, «APCA Transmimetro» was selected. This consortium was conformed by China Harbour Engineering Company with an 85% share and Xi‘An Metro Company with a 15% share.{{cite news|title=¡Histórico! firmas chinas construirán la primera línea de metro|url=https://www.dinero.com/edicion-impresa/pais/articulo/metro-de-bogota-por-que-los-chinos-le-ganaron-la-licitacion-a-carlos-slim/278163|access-date=17 October 2019|agency=Dinero|date=17 October 2019|archive-date=17 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017131836/https://www.dinero.com/edicion-impresa/pais/articulo/metro-de-bogota-por-que-los-chinos-le-ganaron-la-licitacion-a-carlos-slim/278163|url-status=dead}} On November 27, 2019, the Metro de Bogotá company and «Metro Línea 1 S.A.S» (APCA) signed the USD $4.3 billion contract to design, build, operate and maintain Line 1 of the Bogotá Metro.{{cite web|url= https://www.railjournal.com/regions/central-south-america/chinese-consortium-selected-for-bogota-metro-contract/ |title=Chinese consortium selected for Bogota metro contract|website=International Railway Journal|date=21 October 2019|accessdate=22 October 2019}}

On January 27, 2020, Bogotá's mayor Claudia López announced studies with Findeter to extend the line up to Calle 100, in order to connect it with TransMilenio.{{cite news|title=Claudia López ampliará la primera línea del metro hasta la calle 100|url=https://www.publimetro.co/co/bogota/2020/01/27/primera-linea-del-metro-hasta-la-calle-100.html|access-date=27 January 2020|publisher=Publimetro|date=27 January 2020}}

In August 2020, the audit consortium was selected.{{cite news|title=Se define el grupo a cargo de la interventoría del metro de Bogotá|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/metro-de-bogota-se-define-quienes-haran-la-interventoria-de-la-construccion-530664|access-date=19 August 2020|publisher=El Tiempo|date=18 August 2020}}

In October 2020, an order was placed with CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles for 30 driverless trains for the system.{{cite web |title=Vehicle supply contract for Bogotá Metro Line 1 Project in Colombia signed |url=http://en.ccccltd.cn/newscentre/CompanyNews2020/202010/t20201020_64843.html |website=China Communications Construction Company Limited |access-date=9 February 2021}} On October 20, the beginning of the contract was signed.{{cite news|last1=Bolaños R.|first1=Laura Fernanda|title=Gobierno, Distrito, Concesionario y Empresa Metro firmaron inicio de obras del metro de Bogotá|url=https://www.larepublica.co/economia/gobierno-distrito-concesionario-y-empresa-metro-firmaron-inicio-de-obras-del-metro-de-bogota-3076763|access-date=20 October 2020|agency=Revista Semana|date=20 October 2020}}

In December 2020, the city hall announced the second line of the metro: from Calle 72 station, westwards through Calle 72, Cali Av., Suba Av. and ALO Av. ending in Suba district.{{cite news|title=Así se planea la expansión de la red del metro de Bogotá hasta Suba|url=https://www.eltiempo.com/bogota/metro-de-bogota-asi-se-planea-construir-la-segunda-linea-detalles-del-proyecto-551188|access-date=26 November 2020|agency=El Tiempo|date=26 November 2020}}

In 2022, president Gustavo Petro (and former mayor of Bogotá), asked the China consortium in charge of the project to evaluate changes from elevated to underground construction while the contract was already advancing. In January 2023 alternatives were presented with a recommendation of no changes on the initial design of Line 1 and only extending 3.9 km this line. President Petro insisted on underground options for the main portion of line 1. Proposed changes, if accepted, were estimated to result in greater costs and important delays.{{cite news|title=Presidente Petro insiste en que el metro de Bogotá sea subterráneo, tras reunión con la alcaldesa Claudia López|url=https://www.infobae.com/colombia/2023/01/26/presidente-petro-insiste-en-que-el-metro-de-bogota-sea-subterraneo-tras-reunion-con-la-alcaldesa-claudia-lopez/|publisher=infobae|date=26 January 2023}}{{cite news|title=Petro no aceptó propuesta de metro de Bogotá subterráneo: Gobierno asumiría billonario costo adicional|url=https://www.valoraanalitik.com/2023/01/26/presidente-gustavo-petro-no-acepto-propuesta-de-metro-de-bogota-subterraneo/|publisher=Valora Analitik|date=26 January 2023}}

• RegioTram
• Medellín Metro
• Integrated Public Transport System (Bogotá) (SITP)

{{reflist}}

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• [http://metrodebogota.gov.co/ Metro de Bogotá] Official Web Site

{{Colombia urban transit}}

{{Rapid transit in Latin America}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bogota Metro}}

Category:Rapid transit in Colombia

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