Bola language (Austronesian)
{{Short description|Oceanic language in Papua New Guinea}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Bola
|nativename={{lang|bnp|Bakovi}}
|states=Papua New Guinea
|speakers=14,000
|date=2000 census
|ref=e18
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian
|fam3=Oceanic
|fam4=Western Oceanic
|fam5=Meso-Melanesian
|fam6=Willaumez
|iso3=bnp
|glotto=bola1250
|glottorefname=Bola
}}
Bola, or Bakovi, is an Oceanic language of West New Britain in Papua New Guinea. The Harua (Xarua) dialect developed on a palm plantation.
Phonology
Phonology of the Bola language:{{Cite journal|last=Wiebe|first=Brent|date=August 2004|title=Bola (Bola-Bakovi) Language [BNP] East New Britain & West New Britain Province|url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/14/46/78/144678789960846966219668552667179530791/Bola.pdf|journal=Organised Phonology Data}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Consonant sounds ! ! Labial ! Alveolar ! Velar |
| Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} |{{IPA link|ŋ}} |
|---|
| Plosive
|{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}} |{{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|d}} |{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|g}} |
| Fricative
|{{IPA link|β}} |({{IPA link|s}}) |{{IPA link|ɣ}} |
| Rhotic
| |{{IPA link|r}} | |
| Lateral
| |{{IPA link|l}} | |
{{IPA|/t/}} is realized as {{IPA|/s, ʃ/}} only when occurring in front of {{IPA|/i/}}. The voiced stops {{IPA|/b d ɡ/}} can often sound prenasalized {{IPA|[ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ]}} among various speakers. {{IPA|/ɣ/}} can be pronounced as a glottal fricative {{IPAblink|h}} among younger speakers.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Vowel sounds ! ! Front ! Back |
| High
| {{IPA link|i}} | | {{IPA link|u}} |
|---|
| Mid
| {{IPA link|ɛ}} | | {{IPA link|ɔ}} |
| Low
| |{{IPA link|ɑ}} | |
{{IPA|/i/}} before vowel sounds {{IPA|/ɑ ɛ ɔ u/}} is pronounced as a glide sound {{IPAblink|j}}.van den Berg & Wiebe (2019)
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{Citation |last=van den Berg |first=René |last2=Wiebe |first2=Brent |title=Bola Grammar Sketch |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/69/02/40/69024055998614577724075211921224072564/Bola_grammar_20_03_2019_final.pdf |year=2019 |series=Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages, 63 |place=Ukarumpa |publisher=Summer Institute of Linguistics |isbn=9980-0-4482-9}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160314022246/http://www-01.sil.org/pacific/png/pubs/928474542277/Bola.pdf Organised Phonology Data]
- [https://bible.cloud/ebooks/pdf/BNPWBT/BNPWBT.pdf Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Ruth, Jonah, and the New Testament in the Bola language of Papua New Guinea]
{{Languages of Papua New Guinea}}
{{Meso-Melanesian languages}}
{{Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages}}
Category:Meso-Melanesian languages
Category:Languages of West New Britain Province
{{MesoMelanesian-lang-stub}}