Bolivarian Forces of Liberation

Following the 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts by Hugo Chávez and his co-conspirators, the FBL formed in 1992 as a left-wing nationalist militia to defend against potential entry of Colombian paramilitary brigades and "invasion by imperialist forces".{{cite web|url = http://www.eud.com/2005/07/19/pol_art_19104E.shtml|title = Aseguran que 4 mil hombres de la FBL operan en el Alto Apure|publisher = El Universal|date = 19 July 2005}} Prior to the election of Hugo Chávez, it was alleged that the FBL had been involved with student movements, including Utopía, a leftist student movement that was led by Hugo Cabezas and Tareck El Aissami at the University of the Andes.{{cite book|last1=Brownfield|first1=William |author-link1=William Brownfield|title=Chavez's New Cabinet: A Look At Some New Ministers|date=26 January 2007|publisher=Embassy of the United States, Caracas|pages=1–4}}File:Venezuela - Apure - Alto Apure.svg, where the Bolivarian Forces of Liberation are located, just north of Colombia.]]

Following the rise of Hugo Chávez and the establishment of his Bolivarian Revolution, the FBL began to support Chávez.{{cite book|last1=Hudson|first1=Rex A.|title=Country Profile: Venezuela|date=1 April 2005|publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress|location=Washington, D.C.|page=28}} Following the election of Hugo Chávez, the FBL grew 50% by 2005, amounting to about 4,000 members located in Alto Apure, Apure according to a Venezuelan government source speaking to El Universal. The FBL also operated with the complicity of the local chavista government of Apure, with chavista mayor Jorge Rodríguez being the head of Alto Apure. The Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress wrote at the time that the FBL worked with the leftist Colombian guerrilla group, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia People's Army (FARC), to kidnap and extort Venezuelans near the Colombia-Venezuela border. The FBL was also tasked with fighting against "intervention by U.S. and other foreign forces".

In 2007, the group was accused by a priest in Guasdualito of having recruited young people to become child soldiers, an accusation which was rejected by FBL spokespeople.{{cite web|url = http://ipsnoticias.net/nota.asp?idnews=40472|title = Violencia y silencio fronterizos|author = Humberto Márquez|publisher = IPS|date = March 2007|access-date = 2010-09-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110720093221/http://ipsnoticias.net/nota.asp?idnews=40472|archive-date = 2011-07-20|url-status = dead}} In a 2008 report by The Guardian, it is stated that President Chávez had been using the FBL "for the purpose of defending the motherland in case of American invasion", and that "Farc gave military training to the Bolivarian Forces of Liberation".{{cite news|last1=Carlin|first1=John|title=Revealed: Chávez role in cocaine trail to Europe|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/feb/03/venezuela.colombia|accessdate=15 February 2017|work=The Guardian|date=2 February 2008}} There were rumors in 2009 that the group was in the process of disbanding, though the FBL denied this claim.{{cite web | url=http://fuerzasbolivarianasdeliberacion.blogspot.com/2009_07_01_archive.html | title=Comunicado: Las FBL no están en proceso de desactivación | publisher= Bolivarian Forces of Liberation | date=18 July 2009 | accessdate=19 September 2016}}

Although relatively supportive of former Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez for his commitment to anti-imperialism, the group grew disgruntled with the direction of the Bolivarian Revolution after his death in 2013, citing president Nicolas Maduro's policy of currency intervention as nothing more than a tactic that would delay an economic crisis.{{cite web | url=http://fuerzasbolivarianasdeliberacion.blogspot.com/2014_04_01_archive.html | title=FBL: En Miraflores se fragua un nuevo pacto contra el pueblo trabajador | publisher= Bolivarian Forces of Liberation | date=29 April 2014 | accessdate=19 September 2016}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|last1=Hudson|first1=Rex A.|title=Country Profile: Venezuela|date=1 April 2005|publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress|location=Washington, D.C.|page=28}}

• [http://fuerzasbolivarianasdeliberacion.blogspot.com/ Official FBL website]
• [https://twitter.com/FBLVenezuela?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw Official FBL Twitter]

Category:Communism in Venezuela

Category:Communist militant groups

Category:Guerrilla movements in Latin America

Category:Military history of Venezuela

Category:Organizations of the Bolivarian Revolution

Category:Paramilitary organizations based in Venezuela

Category:Political history of Venezuela

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