Bomis

Jimmy Wales left a study track at Indiana University as a PhD candidate to work in finance before completing his doctoral dissertation.Edemariam 2011, p. 27Long 2012, p. 5 In 1994 Wales was hired by Michael Davis, CEO of finance company Chicago Options Associates, as a traderChozick 2013, p. MM28 focusing on futures contracts and options. Wales was adept at determining future movements of foreign currencies and interest rates; he was successful in Chicago, became independently wealthy, and was director of research at Chicago Options Associates from 1994 to 2000.Doran 2006, p. 49McNichol 2007PC Quest 2012 He became acquainted with Tim Shell from email lists discussing philosophy.Craig 2013, p. 84

Wales wanted to participate in the online-based entrepreneurial ventures which were increasingly popular and successful during the mid-1990s. His experience (from gaming in his youth) impressed on him the importance of networking. Wales was interested in computer science, experimenting with source code on the Internet and improving his skill at computer programming. In his spare time after work at Chicago Options Associates, Wales constructed his own web browser. While at the firm, he noted the successful 1995 initial public offering of Netscape Communications.{{Sfn |Barnett|2005|p=62}}

{{multiple image

|title=Bomis founders

|total_width=400

|width1=2048|height1= 3072|image1=Jimmy-wales-frankfurt2005-alih01.jpg|caption1=Jimmy Wales|alt1=Man with short beard in a red shirt

|width2=147|height2=223|image2=Tim Shell Wikimedia cropped to collar.jpg|caption2=Tim Shell|alt2=Dark-haired man in black shirt

|width3=2848|height3=4288|image3=Michael_E._Davis.jpg|caption3=Michael Davis|alt3=Light-haired man with goatee

|footer=Bomis was founded by Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell, and Michael Davis.

|caption_align=center

}}

Wales co-founded Bomis in 1996,{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Kyle |title=Wikipedia Was Started With Revenue From Soft-Core Porn |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/wikipedia-bomis-2013-6 |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}} with business associates Tim Shell,Zittrain 2008, p. 133Meyer 2012 and his then-manager Michael Davis,Seybold 2006, p. 250DiBona 2005 as a for-profit corporation with joint ownership.Lee 2013, p 91The Hamilton Spectator 2008, p. A14 Wales was its chief manager.Friedman 2007, p. 121 In 1998 he moved from Chicago to San Diego to work for Bomis,Mangu-Ward 2007Pink 2005 and then to St. Petersburg, Florida (where the company subsequently relocated).Mehegan 2006

The staff at Bomis was originally about five employees. Its 2000 staff included programmer Toan Vo, Andrew McCague and system administrator Jason Richey; Wales employed his high-school friend and best man in his second wedding, Terry Foote, as advertising director.The Economist 2008 In June 2000, Bomis was one of five network partners of Ask Jeeves.Du Bois 2000, p. 33 The majority of the revenue that came in to Bomis was generated through advertising. The most successful time for Bomis was during its venture as a member of the NBC web portal NBCi; this collapsed at the end of the dot-com bubble.

Although Bomis is not an acronym, the name stemmed from "Bitter Old Men in Suits"Isaacson 2014, The Daily Beast (as Wales and Shell called themselves in Chicago). The site began as a web portal, trying a number of ideas (including serving as an access point for information about Chicago). It later focused on male-oriented content, including information on sporting activities, automobiles, and women.The Globe and Mail 2012, pp. 89–91Weinberger 2008, p. 138Shirky 2009

{{multiple image

| title = Bomis Babes

| total_width = 200

| height1 = 350

| image1 = Silvia_Saint_001.jpg

| caption1 = Silvia Saint

| alt1 = Young woman in blond braids, wearing a white T-shirt

| height2 = 350

| image2 = Deanna Merryman 3 cropped.jpg

| caption2 = Deanna Merryman

| alt2 = Young woman with blond hair to shoulders, wearing a white T-shirt

| footer = Silvia Saint and Deanna Merryman in Bomis {{nowrap|t-shirts}}Bomis Magazine (March 2, 2000)Bomis Magazine (March 1, 2000)Cadenhead 2005Daughn 2000

| caption_align = center

}}

Working from the Open Directory Project,Gillmor 1999 Bomis created and maintained hundreds of webrings on topics related to lad culture. In 1999 the company introduced the Bomis Browser, which helped users block online pop-up ads.Wright 1999 Its webring on Star Wars was considered a useful resource for information on Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999).Soriano 1999, p. 2E Additional webrings included sections helping users find information on the 1942 film Casablanca,Merlock 2000, p. 33 Hunter S. Thompson,Chester R (July 23, 1998), p. 25 Farrah Fawcett,Ward 2000, p. 8 Geri Halliwell of the Spice Girls,LaPointe 1998, p. F10 and the 1998 film Snake Eyes.Chester R (October 1, 1998), p. 21 "Bomis: The Buffy the Vampire Slayer Ring", devoted to Buffy the Vampire Slayer, organized over 50 sites related to the program.QNP 1998, p. 17 Sheila Jeffreys noted in her Beauty and Misogyny that in 2004 Bomis maintained "The Lipstick Fetish Ring", which helped users with a particular attraction to women in makeup.Jeffreys 2005, pp. 60, 181

Bomis became successful after it focused on X-rated and erotic media.Kuchinskas 2009Szpilma 2014 Advertising generated revenue which enabled the company to fund other websites,Stöcker 2010Bhaskar 2013, pp. 158–159 and the site published suggestive pictures of professional models.Spirrison 2006, p. 62 In addition to Bomis the company maintained nekkid.com and nekkid.info, which featured pictures of nude women.Nekkid.info 2002 About ten percent of Bomis' revenue was derived from pornographic films and blogs.Business Insider 2013Schiff 2006

The website included a segment devoted to erotic images, "Bomis Babes",Hansen 2005Miller 2007, p. 17 and a feature enabled users to submit recommended links to other sites appealing to a male audience. Peer-to-peer services provided by the site helped users find other websites about female celebrities, including Anna Kournikova and Pamela Anderson. In the Bomis Babes section was the Bomis Babe Report, begun in 2000, with pictures of porn starsRosenzweig 2013Rosenzweig 2006Hutcheon 2007 in a blog format. The Bomis Babe Report produced original erotic material,{{Sfn |Barnett|2005|p=62}} including reports on pornographic film actors and celebrities who had posed nude. It was referred to as The Babe Report for short.Elliott 2007, p. 22

Wales referred to the site's softcore pornography as "glamour photography",Howe 2008, pp. 58–60Beveridge 2007, p. 68 and Bomis became familiar to Internet users for its erotic images.Semuels 2008, p. E4Bergstein (March 26, 2007)Kopytoff 2007, p. C1 During this period Wales was photographed steering a yacht with a peaked cap, posing as a sea captain with a female professional model on either side of him. In the photograph, the women were wearing panties and T-shirts advertising Bomis.Forman 2010

A subscription section, Bomis Premium, provided access to adult content and erotic material;Blakely 2005 A three-day trial was US$2.95.Schilling 2012

While Bomis Babes provided nude images of females to subscribers, Bomis Premium featured lesbian sexual practices and female anatomy. Bomis created the Babe Engine, which helped users find erotic material online through a web search engine.Henderson 2008, p. 500 According to Bomis advertising director Terry Foote, 99 percent of searches on the site related to nude women.

File:Bomis-staff-summer-2000.jpg

Bomis is best known for supporting the creation of free-content online-encyclopedia projects Nupedia and Wikipedia. Tim Shell and Michael Davis continued their partnership with Wales during the 2000 Nupedia venture. Larry Sanger met Jimmy Wales through an e-mail communication group about philosophy and objectivism, and joined Bomis in May, 1999. Sanger was a graduate student working towards a PhD degree in philosophy, with research focused on epistemology;Anderson 2012, pp. 136–138Lievrouw 2011, pp. 202–205 he received his degree from Ohio State University,Moody 2006, p. 5 moving to San Diego to help Bomis with its encyclopedia venture.Reagle 2010 At the time Sanger joined Bomis the company had a total workforce of two employees with help from programmers.

Sanger and Wales began Nupedia with resources from Bomis; at the beginning of 2000, the company agreed to provide early financing for Nupedia from its profits.Lessig 2009, pp. 156–157 Nupedia went live in March, when Wales was CEO of Bomis;Myers 2006, p. 163 Sanger was Nupedia's editor-in-chief.Seitz 2011, p. A3Gobillot 2011, pp. 84–86 Nupedia's reading comprehension was intended for high-school graduates, and Bomis set its goal: "To set a new standard for breadth, depth, timeliness and lack of bias, and in the fullness of time to become the most comprehensive encyclopedia in the history of humankind."Frauenfelder 2000, p. 110Rollins 2000, p. 1786

Although Bomis began a search for experts to vet Nupedia articles, this proved tedious. In August 2000 Nupedia had more than 60 academics contributing to the peer-review process on the site, most with doctorates in philosophy or medicine.School Library Journal 2000, p. S6 Scholars wishing to contribute to Nupedia were required to submit their credentials via fax for verification. At that time, Bomis was attempting to obtain advertising revenue for Nupedia and the company was optimistic that it could fund the project with ad space on Nupedia.com.

Wikipedia began as a feature of Nupedia.com on January 15, 2001,Curley 2012, pp. 35–38 later known as Wikipedia Day.Chozick 2013, p. 9 Someone working from the office.bomis.com server created the first edit to the website,Starling rclog the creation of HomePage with the text "This is the new WikiPedia!"{{cite web |title=HomePage |author=office.bomis.com |date=January 15, 2001 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HomePage&oldid=908493298 |website=Wikipedia |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation |access-date=August 5, 2019}}{{efn|Wales would claim to have made the first edit to Wikipedia with "Hello, World!", but no such edit survives in archives and it has been speculated that it was made to a test wiki that was later deleted.}} It was originally intended only to generate draft articles for Nupedia, with finished articles moved to the latter. Wikipedia became a separate site days after the Nupedia advisory board opposed combining the two. In September 2001, Wales was simultaneously CEO of Bomis and co-founder of Wikipedia;Meyers 2001, p. D2 Sanger was chief organizer of Wikipedia and editor-in-chief of Nupedia.Richardson 2004, p. 339

Nupedia was encumbered by its peer-review system, a seven-step process of review and copyediting, and Wikipedia grew at a faster rate.Twose 2007, p. 5 In November 2000, Nupedia had 115 potential articles awaiting its peer-review process. By September 2001, after a total investment of US$250,000 from Bomis, Nupedia produced 12 articles;{{Sfn |Barnett|2005|p=62}}Koerner 2006, pp. 115–117 from 2000 through 2003, Nupedia contributors produced a total of 24 finalized articles. Wikipedia had about 20,000 articles and versions in 18 languages by the end of 2001.

Bomis originally planned to make Wikipedia profitable,Finkelstein (September 24, 2008) providing staffing and hardware for its initial structure; Wikipedia would not have survived without this early support. Bomis provided web servers and bandwidth for the projects, owning key items such as domain names. Wales used money from Bomis to maintain the Wikipedia servers in Tampa, Florida.

As the cost of Wikipedia rose with its popularity, Bomis' revenues declined as a result of the dot-com crash.Slater 2011, p. B3 In late 2000 Bomis had a staff of about 11 employees, but by early 2002 layoffs reduced the staff to its original size of about five. Sanger was laid off in February 2002;The Star 2007 from January 15, 2001, through March 1, 2002, he was the sole paid editor of Wikipedia. Sanger stepped down from his dual roles as chief organizer of Wikipedia and editor-in-chief of Nupedia on March 1, 2002, feeling unable to commit to these areas on a volunteer basis and a dearth of "the habit or tradition of respect for expertise" from high-ranking Wikipedia members. He continued contributing to community discussions, optimistic about Wikipedia's future success.Duval 2010Peterson 2002, p. C1

After Sanger's departure, Wikipedia was managed by Wales and a burgeoning online community. Although Wales thought advertising was a possibility, the Wikipedia community was opposed to business developmentPoe 2006 and Internet marketing was difficult in 2002. Wikipedia remained a for-profit venture (under the auspices of Bomis) through the end of 2002. By then it had moved from a .com domain name to .org, and Wales said that the site would not accept advertising.Kleeman 2007, p. 4

Material from Nupedia was folded into WikipediaWaters 2010, pp. 179–180 and it was discontinued by 2003.Mahadevan 2006, p. 15Hasan 2011

{{multiple image

| title = Wikimedia Foundation Board beginnings

| total_width = 500

| width1 = 1865

| height1 = 611

| image1 = 2006 Bomis founders 06.jpg

| caption1 = The first Wikimedia Foundation Board consisted of the three Bomis founders.

| alt1 =

| width2 = 4288

| height2 = 2848

| image2 = WM2006 0044.jpg

| caption2 = Board members in 2004

| alt2 = Dark-haired man in black shirt

| footer = In 2004, community elections added two Wikipedia contributors to the board; Bomis' three founders retained their seats.

| caption_align = center

}}

By 2003 Wikipedia had grown to 100,000 articles in its English-language version, and it became difficult for Bomis to continue financially supporting the project.Kleinz 2011 With Wikipedia a drain on the company's resources, Wales and Sanger decided to fund the project on a non-profit basis. Bomis laid off most of its employees to continue operating, since Wikipedia was not generating revenue. The company owned Wikipedia from its creation through 2003, and Wales used about $100,000 of Bomis' revenue to fund Wikipedia before the decision to shift the encyclopedia to non-profit status.Hickman 2006

In June 2003 Wikipedia was transferred to a nascent non-profit organization, the Wikimedia Foundation, which was formed as a charitable institution to supervise Wikipedia and its associated wiki-based sites.Middleton 2009 When the foundation was established, its staff began to solicit public funding and Bomis turned Wikipedia over to the non-profit. All Bomis-owned hardware used to run Wikipedia-associated websites was donated to the Wikimedia Foundation, and Wales transferred Wikipedia-related copyrights from Bomis to the foundation. It was first headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida,Ayers 2008 where Bomis was located. The foundation shifted Wikipedia's dependence away from Bomis, allowing it to purchase hardware for expansion.Heise Online (January 15, 2006)

The Wikimedia Foundation board of trustees was initially composed of Bomis' three founders: Jimmy Wales and his two business partners, Michael Davis and Tim Shell.Lih 2009Kleinz 2004, p. 38 Shell and Davis were appointed to the board by Wales, but after Wikipedia community members complained that the board was composed of appointed individuals, the first elections were held in 2004. Two community members, Florence Devouard and Angela Beesley, were elected to the board of trustees.

In August 2004 Wales was chief executive officer of Bomis,Brooks 2004 and on September 20 Wikipedia reached the million-article mark on an expenditure of $500,000 (most directly from Wales). In November 2004 he told the St. Petersburg Times he no longer controlled Bomis' day-to-day operations, but retained ownership as a shareholder.Krueger 2004, p. 1E In 2005, Tim Shell was CEO of Bomis and one of the board members overseeing Wikipedia.{{Sfn |Barnett|2005|p=62}} Shell remained CEO of Bomis in 2006, becoming vice-president of the Wikimedia Foundation and continuing to sit on its board.Heise Online (October 28, 2006) Bomis co-founder Michael Davis became treasurer of the Wikimedia Foundation that year. Wales told The Sydney Morning Herald in 2007 that although he retained partial ownership of Bomis, "It's pretty much dead." According to the Internet Archive, the Bomis website was last accessible with content in 2010;Bomis.com (February 24, 2010) when accessed in 2013 by the archive, it had a welcome message for PetaBox.Bomis.com (August 15, 2013) When accessed in 2014 by the archive, the website featured a blank white page with a line of text saying "Hello, world!".Bomis.com (August 27, 2014)Bomis.com (October 6, 2014)

{{multiple image

|title=Wikipedia edits about Bomis by Jimmy Wales

|total_width=400

|width1=1096|height1= 630|image1=2005 September 4 Jimbo Wales edits Jimmy Wales about Bomis.jpg|caption1=September 4, 2005|alt1=First of three side-by-side diffs

|width2=1096|height2=908|image2=2005 October 20 Jimbo Wales edits Jimmy Wales about Bomis.jpg|caption2=October 20, 2005|alt2=Second diff

|width3=1151|height3=755|image3=2005 October 28 Jimbo Wales edits Jimmy Wales about Bomis.jpg|caption3=October 28, 2005|alt3=Third diff

|footer=Edits to Wikipedia about Bomis made by Jimmy Wales were publicized by Rogers Cadenhead.

}}

In 2005, Wales made 18 changes to his Wikipedia biography. He removed references to Bomis Babes as softcore pornography and erotica, and Larry Sanger as co-founder of Wikipedia. Wales' actions were publicized by author Rogers Cadenhead, attracting attention from US and UK media.{{efn|Jimmy Wales' edits to Wikipedia to change information about Bomis and remove references to Larry Sanger as co-founder of the site was reported in The Times, Wired, New Statesman,Bernstein 2011, p. 34 Time, the Herald Sun, The New Yorker, and The New York Times.Mitchell 2005}} In 2011, Time listed Wales' 2005 edits in its "Top 10 Wikipedia Moments".Romero 2011

Wikipedia policy warned users not to edit their own biography pages, with its rules on autobiographical editing quoting Wales: "It is a social faux pas to write about yourself." Larry Sanger said, "It does seem that Jimmy is attempting to rewrite history", and began a discussion on the talk page of Wales' biography about historical revisionism.

Wales called his actions fixing mistakes, but after Cadenhead publicized the edits to his biography he expressed regret for his actions.Bergstein (April 2, 2007) In The Times Wales said that individuals should not edit their own Wikipedia biographies, telling The New Yorker that the standard applied to himself as well. Wales warned that the activity should be discouraged because of the potential for bias: "I wish I hadn't done it. It's in poor taste."

Bomis was called the "Playboy of the Internet" by The Atlantic, and the sobriquet was subsequently used by publications including The Sunday Times,The Sunday Times 2011 The Daily Telegraph,Neate 2008 MSN Money,Buckland 2011, p. 1 Wired,Greenwald 2013, p. 82 The Torch Magazine,Lewis 2013 and the 2007 book The Cult of the Amateur by Andrew Keen.Keen 2008, pp. 41–42 Wales considered the "Playboy of the Internet" nickname inappropriate, although he was asked in interviews if his time at Bomis made him a "porn king".Paley Center for Media 2014Tai 2013 The 2010 documentary film about Wikipedia, Truth in Numbers? Everything, According to Wikipedia, discussed this characterization of Wales by journalists.Glosserman 2010, Time index 34:30 Wales, interviewed in the film, called the characterization inaccurate and explained that his company responded to content demand from customers.{{efn|Wales stated in the 2010 documentary Truth in Numbers? Everything, According to Wikipedia: "You know the press has this idea that I am a porn king. I really wasn't a king of anything, frankly, you know? Because at the time, when we looked at it, we were just like, 'Okay, well, this is what our customers will want, let's follow this.'"}} In later interviews, he responded to "porn king" questions by telling journalists to look at a page on Yahoo! about pornography related to dwarfism. According to a 2007 article in Reason, "If he was a porn king, he suggests, so is the head of the biggest Web portal in the world."

The Chronicle of Philanthropy characterized Bomis as "an Internet marketing firm... which also traded in erotic photographs for a while."Jensen 2006 Jeff Howe wrote in his 2008 book, Crowdsourcing: How the Power of the Crowd is Driving the Future of Business, about "one of Wales's less altruistic ventures, a Web portal called Bomis.com that featured, among other items, soft-core pornography." In his 2008 book, The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It, legal scholar Jonathan Zittrain wrote that "Bomis helped people find 'erotic photography', and earned money through advertising as well as subscription fees for premium content." The Guardian described the site as on "the fringes of the adult entertainment industry",Finkelstein (December 18, 2008) and The Edge called Bomis.com an "explicit-content search engine".Chern 2008 Business 2.0 Magazine described it as "a search portal... which created and hosted Web rings around popular search terms – including, not surprisingly, a lot of adult themes."

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

{{refbegin|colwidth=30em}}

• {{cite book|first=Paul|last=Anderson|pages=136–38|title=Web 2.0 and Beyond: Principles and Technologies|publisher=Chapman and Hall/CRC | year =2012|isbn= 978-1-4398-2867-0}}
• {{cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/howwikipediawork00ayer_0/page/46 46–47, 448–51]|title=How Wikipedia Works: And How You Can Be a Part of It|first1=Phoebe|last1=Ayer|first2=Charles|last2=Matthews|first3=Ben|last3=Yates|publisher=No Starch Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59327-176-3|title-link=How Wikipedia Works}}
• {{cite journal|title=Wiki mania |first=Cynthia |last=Barnett |journal=Florida Trend |volume=48 |issue=5 |date=September 2005 |page=62 |publisher=Trend Magazines |url=http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.asp?a=5617&s=1&d=9/1/2005 |access-date=October 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051122095539/http://www.floridatrend.com/issue/default.asp?s=1&a=5617&d=9%2F1%2F2005 |archive-date=November 22, 2005 |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite news | title = Wikipedia co-founder seeks to start all over again – this time with contributors' real names |first=Brian|last = Bergstein | date =March 26, 2007|work=The Sydney Morning Herald | agency = Associated Press|author-link=Brian Bergstein|url= http://www.smh.com.au/news/Technology/Wikipedia-CoFounder-Seeks-to-Start-Over/2007/03/26/1174761306203.html |access-date=September 30, 2014 | archive-date =October 4, 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141004013229/http://www.smh.com.au/news/Technology/Wikipedia-CoFounder-Seeks-to-Start-Over/2007/03/26/1174761306203.html}}
• {{cite news|first=Brian|last=Bergstein|author-link=Brian Bergstein | work =Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date= April 2, 2007|title = Citizendium founder Sanger says he co-started Wikipedia, but don't tell that to Jimmy Wales| agency= Associated Press| access-date = September 30, 2014 | url = http://www.post-gazette.com/business/technology/2007/04/02/Citizendium-founder-Sanger-says-he-co-started-Wikipedia-but-don-t-tell-that-to-Jimmy-Wales/stories/200704020146 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140930013733/http://www.post-gazette.com/business/technology/2007/04/02/Citizendium-founder-Sanger-says-he-co-started-Wikipedia-but-don-t-tell-that-to-Jimmy-Wales/stories/200704020146 | archive-date =September 30, 2014}}
• {{cite journal|title= Wikipedia's benevolent dictator| first= Jon | last = Bernstein |journal=New Statesman|volume=140|issue= 5038|date = February 3, 2011 |page=34|url= http://www.newstatesman.com/digital/2011/01/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-site | access-date =October 4, 2014 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110205142631/http://www.newstatesman.com/digital/2011/01/jimmy-wales-wikipedia-site|archive-date=February 5, 2011}}
• {{cite news|work=Herald Sun|first=John|last=Beveridge|date=April 26, 2007|title=Looking up your own entry|page=68|publisher=Nationwide News Pty Limited|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite book|pages=158–159|title=The Content Machine: Towards a Theory of Publishing from the Printing Press to the Digital Network|first=Michael |last=Bhaskar|year=2013|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn= 978-0-85728-111-1}}
• {{cite news|archive-date=February 21, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221030824/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article774973.ece|first=Rhys|last=Blakely|title=Wikipedia founder edits himself|date=December 20, 2005|work=The Times|url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article774973.ece|access-date=December 29, 2013}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.bomis.com/magazine/tshirtpics/sylviasaint.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000302121724/http://www.bomis.com/magazine/tshirtpics/sylviasaint.html|work=Bomis Magazine|title=Silvia Saint Bomis T-shirt Gallery|archive-date=March 2, 2000|access-date=January 22, 2014}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.bomis.com/magazine/tshirtpics/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000301180721/http://www.bomis.com/magazine/tshirtpics/index.html|archive-date=March 1, 2000|access-date=January 22, 2014|work=Bomis Magazine|title=Bomis T-shirt Gallery|quote=Welcome to the Bomis.com T-shirt gallery! Please feel free to use any of these images on your own web site. All we ask is that you include a link back to Bomis.com. Thanks! }}
• {{cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224110713/http://www.bomis.com/|url=http://www.bomis.com/|archive-date=February 24, 2010|access-date=January 23, 2014|title=Bomis.Com Home Page|year=2010}}
• {{cite news|access-date=January 23, 2014|url=http://www.bomis.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815153925/http://www.bomis.com/|title=Welcome to the US Petabox|archive-date=August 15, 2013|year=2013}}
• {{cite news|title=Online, interactive encyclopedia not just for geeks anymore|date=August 4, 2004 |work=The Telegraph|location=Nashua, New Hampshire|first=David|last=Brooks|via=NewsBank}}
• {{cite news|work=MSN Money|title=The humble beginnings of CEO big shots: Jimmy Wales|first=Jason|last=Buckland|date=May 12, 2011|url=http://money.ca.msn.com/small-business/gallery/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=27996773&page=1|access-date=January 19, 2014|publisher=Microsoft|page=1|archive-date=March 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110319030805/http://money.ca.msn.com/small-business/gallery/gallery.aspx?cp-documentid=27996773&page=1}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.bullfax.com/?q=node-wikipedia-was-started-revenue-soft-core-porn|access-date=January 19, 2014|work=Business Insider|title=Wikipedia Was Started With Revenue From Soft-Core Porn|date=June 28, 2013|publisher=bullfax.com|archive-date=February 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221219/http://www.bullfax.com/?q=node-wikipedia-was-started-revenue-soft-core-porn}}
• {{cite news|url=http://workbench.cadenhead.org/news/2829/bomis-denuded-erotic-content|title=Bomis Denuded of Erotic Content|first=Rogers|last=Cadenhead|author-link=Rogers Cadenhead|work=Workbench|date=December 20, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003091008/http://workbench.cadenhead.org/news/2829/bomis-denuded-erotic-content|archive-date=October 3, 2008}}
• {{cite news|work=The Edge|date=December 1, 2008|first=Kang Wan|last=Chern|title=Net Value: Building the Wiki brand|publisher=The Edge Communications Sdn. Bhd.|via= LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|title=Jimmy Wales isn't a billionaire; He hasn't capitalized on Wikipedia, but still lives a jet-setter's life|first=Amy|last=Chozick|date=June 29, 2013|work=International Herald Tribune|via=LexisNexis|page=9}}
• {{cite news|work=The New York Times Magazine |first=Amy |last=Chozick |title=Jimmy Wales Is Not an Internet Billionaire |date=June 30, 2013 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/30/magazine/jimmy-wales-is-not-an-internet-billionaire.html |access-date=January 21, 2014 |page=MM28 |archive-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630200950/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/30/magazine/jimmy-wales-is-not-an-internet-billionaire.html |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book|first=Paul|last=Conway|title=SI 410: Ethics and Information Technology|chapter=Week 5b: Lessons of Wikipedia|date=Fall 2010|publisher=University of Michigan|chapter-url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conway-si410-fa10-week5b-wikipedia.pdf|page=7|archive-date=June 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609100117/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Conway-si410-fa10-week5b-wikipedia.pdf}}
• {{cite magazine|title=The Encyclopedic Mind of Jimmy Wales|first=Elise|last=Craig|magazine=Wired|volume=21|issue=4|date=April 2013|page=84|url=https://www.wired.com/2013/03/jimmy-wales-wikipedia/all/|access-date=October 4, 2014|archive-date=April 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409234057/http://www.wired.com/2013/03/jimmy-wales-wikipedia/all/}}
• {{cite book|title=Issues in Cyberspace: From Privacy to Piracy|year=2012|publisher=Britannica Educational Publishing|first=Robert|last=Curley|isbn=978-1-61530-738-8|pages=35–38}}
• {{cite news|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Deanna_Merryman_3.jpg |title=Deanna Merryman 3 |first=Mark |last=Daughn |date=2000 |access-date=October 2, 2014 |publisher=Bomis.com |archive-date=October 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141002204506/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ADeanna_Merryman_3.jpg |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/opensources20con0000unse/page/7 7, 310–334]|title=Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution|first=Chris|last=DiBona|author2=Mark Stone|author3=Danese Cooper|year=2005|publisher=O'Reilly Media|isbn=978-0-596-00802-4|url=https://archive.org/details/opensources20con0000unse/page/7}}
• {{cite news|work=The Times|location=London, England|date=December 23, 2006|title=Curiosity filled the biggest textbook in the world; Factbox|page=49|first=James|last=Doran|publisher=Times Newspapers Limited|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|title=Ask Jeeves bids banner ads adieu, welcomes new method|first=Grant |last=Du Bois|work=eWeek|date=June 12, 2000|page=33|publisher=QuinStreet Enterprise|via=InfoTrac: General OneFile|quote=In addition to 1,800 advertisers in the Ask Jeeves distribution system, 900 of which are active, the company has five network partners-Ask.com and DirectHit.com, both of which are part of Ask Jeeves; Microsoft Corp.'s MSN. com Search; Bomis Inc.'s Bomis.com; and Monetize Media's SuperCyber Search.}}
• {{cite book|pages=74–75, 80–81|title=Next Generation Democracy: What the Open-Source Revolution Means for Power, Politics, and Change|first=Jared|last= Duval|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60819-066-9}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/11484062|access-date=January 18, 2014|title=Brain scan: The free-knowledge fundamentalist|newspaper=The Economist|date=June 5, 2008|publisher=The Economist Newspaper Limited; Technology Quarterly|archive-date=December 3, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203083448/http://www.economist.com/node/11484062}}
• {{cite news|title=Saturday: The Saturday interview: Master of the know-alls|date=February 19, 2011|first=Aida |last=Edemariam|work=The Guardian|page=27|via= LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|first=Tim|last=Elliott|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|location=Sydney|date=January 6, 2007 |title=The world according to Wiki; Digital Living|page=22; Section: Spectrum|publisher= John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd|via= LexisNexis|quote=before in 1996 starting a dot-com called Bomis, whose products included soft porn sites The Babe Report and nekkid.com. (According to The New Yorker, Wales has repeatedly tried to edit out references to pornography in his own Wikipedia entry.)}}
• {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet |title=Read me first: Wikipedia isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says |last=Finkelstein|first=Seth |work=The Guardian |date=September 24, 2008 | location=London|access-date=December 27, 2013|archive-date=September 27, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927064014/http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2008/sep/25/wikipedia.internet}}
• {{cite news|title=Technology: Read me first: Sting in the Scorpions tale is the exposure of Wiki's weakness|first=Seth|last=Finkelstein|date=December 18, 2008|page=2|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/dec/18/wikipedia-jimmy-wales|access-date=September 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207094702/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/dec/18/wikipedia-jimmy-wales|archive-date=December 7, 2013}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.csindy.com/IndyBlog/archives/2010/11/19/the-seven-faces-of-wikipedia|work=Colorado Springs Independent|first=Bill|last=Forman|title=The Seven Faces of Wikipedia|date=November 19, 2010|access-date=January 27, 2014|archive-date=November 24, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124041603/http://www.csindy.com/IndyBlog/archives/2010/11/19/the-seven-faces-of-wikipedia}}
• {{cite journal|title=The New Encyclopedia Salesmen |first=Mark |last=Frauenfelder |journal=The Industry Standard |volume=3 |issue=49 |date=November 27, 2000 |page=110 |url=http://www.thestandard.com/article/display/0,1151,20242,00.html |access-date=October 4, 2014 |archive-date=January 23, 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010123225700/http://www.thestandard.com/article/display/0%2C1151%2C20242%2C00.html |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/worldisflat00thom/page/121 121]|title=The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century|first=Thomas L.|last=Friedman|author-link=Thomas L. Friedman|publisher=Macmillan|year=2007|isbn=978-0-312-42507-4|url=https://archive.org/details/worldisflat00thom/page/121}}
• {{Cite news| last = Gillmor| first = Dan| title = Netizens raise a virtual barn called the 'Open Directory Project'| work = Mercury Center| location = San Jose| access-date =March 6, 2016| date =February 6, 1999| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/19990422082741/http://www.mercurycenter.com/svtech/columns/gillmor/docs/dg020799.htm|url=http://www.mercurycenter.com/svtech/columns/gillmor/docs/dg020799.htm|archive-date=April 22, 1999}}
• {{cite book|pages=89–91|title=The Lunch|author=The Globe and Mail|isbn=978-1-4689-0835-0|publisher=Booktango |year=2012|author-link=The Globe and Mail}}
• {{cite AV media| people =Scott Glosserman, Nic Hill | title =Truth in Numbers? | medium =Documentary film |time=34:30| publisher =Underdog Pictures; GlenEcho Entertainment | location =United States | year =2010 }}
• {{cite book|pages=84–86|title=Leadershift: Reinventing Leadership for the Age of Mass Collaboration|first= Emmanuel |last=Gobillot|publisher=Kogan Page|year=2011|isbn=978-0-7494-6303-8}}
• {{cite journal|title= How Jimmy Wales' Wikipedia Harnessed the Web as a Force for Good|first=Ted|last=Greenwald|journal=Wired|volume=21 |issue=4|date=March 19, 2013|page=82|url=https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2013/03/jimmy-wales-wikipedia/all/|access-date=January 19, 2014|archive-date=April 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409234057/http://www.wired.com/2013/03/jimmy-wales-wikipedia/all/}}
• {{cite news|title=Wikipedia dilemma; Struggling free info site grapples with selling ad space|date=March 15, 2008|page=A14|work=The Hamilton Spectator|publisher=Torstar Syndication Services, a division of Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd.|via=Westlaw|agency=Los Angeles Times}}
• {{cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69880|title=Wikipedia Founder Edits Own Bio|work=Wired News|date=December 19, 2005|first=Evan| last=Hansen|access-date=December 20, 2013|archive-date=August 23, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080823134002/http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2005/12/69880 }}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Wechsel-an-der-Wikimedia-Spitze-112731.html|access-date=February 15, 2014|date=October 28, 2006|title=Wechsel an der Wikimedia-Spitze|work=Heise Online|publisher=Heise Zeitschriften Verlag|language=de|archive-date=June 7, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607080138/http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Wechsel-an-der-Wikimedia-Spitze-112731.html}}
• {{cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wikipedia35milli0000hasa/page/5 5–11]|first=Heather|last=Hasan|title=Wikipedia, 3.5 Million Articles & Counting|year=2011|publisher=Rosen Central|isbn=978-1-4488-5557-5|url=https://archive.org/details/wikipedia35milli0000hasa/page/5}}
• {{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology |page= 500|isbn=978-1-4381-1003-5|first=Harry |last=Henderson |year=2008|publisher=Facts on File}}
• {{cite news|first=Martin|last=Hickman|author2=GeneviAve Roberts|title=Wikipedia under the microscope over accuracy|work=The Independent|location=London, England|date=February 13, 2006|page=12|publisher=Independent Print Ltd.|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/wikipedia-under-the-microscope-over-accuracy-466444.html|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-date=February 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205214139/http://independent.co.uk/news/media/wikipedia-under-the-microscope-over-accuracy-466444.html}}
• {{cite book|pages=58–60|title=Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business|first=Jeff |last=Howe|year=2008|isbn= 978-0-307-44932-0|publisher=Crown Business}}
• {{cite news|first=Stephen|last=Hutcheon|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/web/facts-and-friction/2007/04/21/1176697155451.html|access-date=January 27, 2014|title=Facts and friction|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=April 22, 2007|archive-date=April 25, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425043300/http://www.smh.com.au/news/web/facts-and-friction/2007/04/21/1176697155451.html}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/10/19/you-can-look-it-up-the-wikipedia-story.html|access-date=October 25, 2014|date=October 19, 2014|title=You Can Look It Up: The Wikipedia Story|first=Walter|last=Isaacson|author-link=Walter Isaacson|work=The Daily Beast|archive-date=October 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020023212/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/10/19/you-can-look-it-up-the-wikipedia-story.html}}
• {{cite book|pages=60, 181|title=Beauty and Misogyny: Harmful Cultural Practices in the West|first=Sheila |last=Jeffreys|year=2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-35182-9|author-link=Sheila Jeffreys}}
• {{cite journal|title=Access for All|first=Brennen |last=Jensen|journal=The Chronicle of Philanthropy|volume=18|issue=18|date=June 29, 2006|publisher=Chronicle of Higher Education, Inc.|url=http://philanthropy.com/article/Access-for-All/58278/|access-date=September 30, 2014|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930015805/http://philanthropy.com/article/Access-for-All/58278/|archive-date=September 30, 2014}}
• {{cite journal|url=http://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Qualitaetsoffensive-289422.html|title=Qualitätsoffensive: Freie Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia stellt die Weichen für die Zukunft|journal=C't|publisher=Heinz Heise|first=Torsten |last=Kleinz|access-date=February 15, 2014|language=de|page=38|date=2004|volume=2004 |issue=14|archive-date=March 9, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309040220/http://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Qualitaetsoffensive-289422.html}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/It-s-a-Wiki-World-5-Jahre-Wikipedia-165551.html|access-date=February 15, 2014|title=It's a Wiki World – 5 Jahre Wikipedia|date=January 15, 2006|publisher=Heise Zeitschriften Verlag|language=de|work=Heise Online|archive-date=October 22, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022064144/http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/It-s-a-Wiki-World-5-Jahre-Wikipedia-165551.html}}
• {{cite journal|url=http://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Zehn-Jahre-Wikipedia-1170011.html|access-date=February 15, 2014|first=Torsten|last= Kleinz|title=Zehn Jahre Wikipedia|journal=C't|publisher=Heinz Heise|language=de|date=January 15, 2011|archive-date=January 17, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117115408/http://www.heise.de/ct/artikel/Zehn-Jahre-Wikipedia-1170011.html}}
• {{cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bestoftechnology0000unse/page/115 115–117]|title=The Best of Technology Writing 2006|first=Brendan I.|last=Koerner|year=2006|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-03195-5|url=https://archive.org/details/bestoftechnology0000unse/page/115}}
• {{cite book|title=The Cult of the Amateur|isbn=978-0-385-52081-2|first=Andrew|last= Keen|author-link=Andrew Keen|year= 2008 |publisher=Random House|pages=41–42|title-link=The Cult of the Amateur}}
• {{cite news|work=The Times|first=Jenny|last=Kleeman|date=March 2, 2007|title=You couldn't make it up|page=4; Section: Features, Times2|publisher=Times Newspapers Limited|location=London, England|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|title=You could look it up|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=July 19, 2007 |first=Verne |last=Kopytoff|page=C1|url=http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/You-could-look-it-up-He-changed-the-world-Eye-2551894.php|access-date=October 1, 2014|archive-date=October 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021013019/http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/You-could-look-it-up-He-changed-the-world-Eye-2551894.php}}
• {{cite news|title=There's no end to it|work=The St. Petersburg Times|location=St. Petersburg, Florida|date=November 8, 2004|first=Curtis|last=Krueger|page=1E|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2004/11/08/news_pf/Floridian/There_s_no_end_to_it.shtml|access-date=September 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041220103645/http://www.sptimes.com/2004/11/08/news_pf/Floridian/There_s_no_end_to_it.shtml|archive-date=December 20, 2004}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/22473.asp|title=Jimmy Wales: Why the recession will not kill digital media|work=iMedia Connection|first=Susan|last=Kuchinskas|date=March 26, 2009|access-date=October 14, 2012|archive-date=March 30, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330002915/http://www.imediaconnection.com/content/22473.asp}}
• {{cite news|work=The Gazette|date=June 10, 1998|title=How to find spicy stuff on the Web|first=Kirk |last=LaPointe|agency=Hamilton Spectator|page=F10; Section: The Web Page|publisher=CanWest Interactive, a division of CanWest Global Communications Corp.|location=Montreal, Quebec, Canada|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite book|page=91|title=Nonprofit Organizations and the Intellectual Commons|first= Jyh-An|last= Lee|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|year=2013|isbn=978-1-78100-157-8}}
• {{cite journal|journal=The Torch Magazine|date=Fall 2013|volume=87|issue=1|first=John P.|last=Lewis|title=Wikipedia: Is it the Library of Babel?|url=http://www.ncsociology.org/torchmagazine/lewis.pdf|access-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201153223/http://www.ncsociology.org/torchmagazine/lewis.pdf|archive-date=February 1, 2014|publisher=International Association of Torch Clubs; North Carolina Sociological Association|issn=2330-9261}}
• {{cite book|title=Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy|isbn=978-0-14-311613-4|first=Lawrence|last=Lessig|author-link=Lawrence Lessig| year=2009|publisher=Penguin Books|pages=156–157}}
• {{cite journal|title=Nupedia Launches Open-Content Model|journal=School Library Journal|volume=46|issue=8|date=August 2000|page=S6|publisher=Library Journals, LLC. A wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc.|via=InfoTrac: General OneFile}}
• {{cite book|pages=202–205|title=Alternative and Activist New Media|first= Leah|last= Lievrouw|year=2011|isbn=978-0-7456-4183-6|publisher=Polity}}
• {{cite book|pages=[https://archive.org/details/wikipediarevolut00liha/page/6 6, 18–20, 28–32, 38–42, 63, 69, 76, 78–79]|title=The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia|first=Andrew|last=Lih|author-link=Andrew Lih|publisher=Hyperion|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4013-0371-6|title-link=The Wikipedia Revolution}}
• {{cite news|first=Camilla|last=Long|date=January 22, 2012|work=The Sunday Times|page=5|title=Hi, I'm the guy who blacked out the world |location=London, England|publisher=Times Newspapers Limited|via= LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|work=The New Straits Times|title=Not everything on Wikipedia is fact|date=March 5, 2006|first=Jeremy |last=Mahadevan|page=15|publisher=New Straits Times Press (Malaysia) Berhad|via= LexisNexis|location=Malaysia}}
• {{cite news|url=http://reason.com/archives/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond|work=Reason|title=Wikipedia and Beyond: Jimmy Wales' sprawling vision|access-date=January 17, 2014|date=June 2007|first=Katherine |last=Mangu-Ward |publisher=Reason Foundation|archive-date=October 6, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006144044/http://reason.com/archives/2007/05/30/wikipedia-and-beyond}}
• {{cite news|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/03/01/8401010/|access-date=January 21, 2014|work=Business 2.0|publisher=CNN|first=Tom|last=McNichol|title=Building a Wiki World|date=March 1, 2007|archive-date=March 2, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070302072909/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2007/03/01/8401010/}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/02/12/bias_sabotage_haunt_wikipedias_free_world/ |first=David |last=Mehegan |title=Bias, Sabotage haunt Wikipedia's Free World |date=February 12, 2006 |access-date=December 27, 2013 |work=The Boston Globe |location=Boston, Massachusetts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060215092304/http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/02/12/bias_sabotage_haunt_wikipedias_free_world/ |archive-date=February 15, 2006 |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite journal|title=Playing It Again and Again: Casablanca's Impact on American Mass Media and Popular Culture|first=Kathy Merlock|last=Jackson|journal=Journal of Popular Film and Television|volume=27|issue=4|date=Winter 2000|page=33|publisher=Taylor & Francis Ltd.|doi=10.1080/01956050009602813|s2cid=191490559}}
• {{cite book|first=Susan|last=Meyer|title=Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia|url=https://archive.org/details/jimmywaleswikipe0000meye/page/29|url-access=registration|pages=[https://archive.org/details/jimmywaleswikipe0000meye/page/29 29–35, 56–58, 84–86]|year=2012|publisher=Rosen Pub Group|isbn=978-1-4488-6912-1}}
• {{cite news|first=Peter|last=Meyers|work=The New York Times|date=September 20, 2001|page=D2|title=Fact-driven? Collegial? This site wants you|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html|access-date=January 21, 2014|archive-date=April 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415232001/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/20/technology/fact-driven-collegial-this-site-wants-you.html}}
• {{cite news|title=Feature – The world of wikinomics|work=Computer Weekly|volume=203|date=January 13, 2009|publisher=TechTarget|url=http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/The-world-of-wikinomics|access-date=October 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127122610/http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/The-world-of-wikinomics|archive-date=November 27, 2012|first=Chris|last=Middleton}}
• {{cite news|first=Nick|last=Miller|work=The Age|date=April 25, 2007|title=The wisdom of one|page=17|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/in-depth/the-wisdom-of-one/2007/04/24/1177180647120.html|access-date=September 30, 2014|archive-date=May 9, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070509153744/http://www.theage.com.au/news/in-depth/the-wisdom-of-one/2007/04/24/1177180647120.html}}
• {{cite news|first=Dan|last=Mitchell|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/24/technology/24online.ready.html|date=December 24, 2005|access-date=January 19, 2014|title=What's Online: Insider Editing at Wikipedia|archive-date=September 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930022254/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/24/technology/24online.ready.html}}
• {{cite news|first=Glyn |last=Moody|title=Technology: Inside IT: This time, it'll be a Wikipedia written by experts|date=July 13, 2006|page=5| url =https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia |work=The Guardian|location=London, England|archive-date=December 14, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214111418/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/13/media.newmedia}}
• {{cite journal|title=Wikimmunity: fitting the Communications Decency Act to Wikipedia|first=Ken S. |last=Myers|journal=Harvard Journal of Law & Technology|volume=20|issue=1 |date=Fall 2006|page=163|publisher=Harvard Law School|url=http://jolt.law.harvard.edu/articles/pdf/v20/20HarvJLTech163.pdf|access-date=October 4, 2014|archive-date=February 21, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221141400/http://jolt.law.harvard.edu/articles/pdf/v20/20HarvJLTech163.pdf}}
• {{cite news | first = Rupert | last = Neate | title = Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales goes bananas | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/3399843/Wikipedia-founder-Jimmy-Wales-goes-bananas.html |work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London | date= October 7, 2008 | access-date = October 1, 2013 |archive-date=November 10, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081110041546/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/3399843/Wikipedia-founder-Jimmy-Wales-goes-bananas.html}}
• {{cite news|date=January 14, 2002|title=This is Nekkid.info|work=Nekkid.info|url=http://nekkid.info/|access-date=September 30, 2014|archive-date=January 14, 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020114205719/http://nekkid.info/}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item/?q=Ayn+Rand+&p=1&item=104050 |access-date=January 19, 2014 |title=Truth in Numbers: The World According to Wikipedia – Summary |work=Paley Center for Media |publisher=paleycenter.org |year=2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930173409/http://www.paleycenter.org/collection/item/?q=Ayn%20Rand%20&p=1&item=104050 |archive-date=September 30, 2014 |url-status=dead }}
• {{cite news|title=People Who've Shaped The Internet|work=PC Quest|date=January 3, 2012|publisher=Athena Information Solutions Pvt. Ltd.|via=Westlaw}}
• {{cite journal|url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.03/wiki.html|access-date=January 21, 2014|journal=Wired News|volume=13|issue=3|date=March 2005|title=The Book Stops Here |first=Daniel H.|last=Pink|publisher= Condé Nast Digital|archive-date=March 4, 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050304025027/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.03/wiki.html}}
• {{cite news|title=Encyclopedias go digital Educational tomes shrink in size, but grow in number |date=May 6, 2002 |first=Kim|last=Peterson|work=U-T San Diego|page=C1|publisher=Union-Tribune Publishing Co.|via=NewsBank}}
• {{cite news| first = Marshall| last = Poe| title = The Hive| url =https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/09/the-hive/305118/?single_page=true| work = The Atlantic Monthly| date = September 2006| access-date =December 27, 2013|publisher=The Atlantic Monthly Group|archive-date=October 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026045223/http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/09/the-hive/305118/?single_page=true}}
• {{cite news|work=Courier Mail|location=Queensland, Australia|date=November 19, 1998|title=Buffy slays 'em|author=QNP|page=17; Section: What's on|publisher=Nationwide News Pty Limited|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|work=Courier Mail|location=Queensland, Australia|date=July 23, 1998|title= Synthetic high|author=Chester R|page=25; Section: What's on|publisher=Nationwide News Pty Limited|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|title=More like snake oil|work=Courier Mail|location=Queensland, Australia|date=October 1, 1998|author=Chester R|page=21; Section: What's on|publisher=Nationwide News Pty Limited|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite book|title=Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia|first=Joseph Michael|last= Reagle|pages=35–36, 41, 120|publisher=The MIT Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-262-01447-2}}
• {{cite book|page=339|title=Anarchitexts: A Subsol Anthology|first=Joanne |last=Richardson|year=2004|publisher=Autonomedia|isbn= 978-1-57027-142-7}}
• {{Cite journal|title=Nupedia|first=Deborah|last= Rollins|journal=Booklist|volume= 96|issue=18 |date=May 15, 2000|page=1786|publisher=American Library Association}}
• {{cite magazine|first=Frances |last=Romero |magazine=Time |date=January 13, 2011 |url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2042333_2042334_2042587,00.html |access-date=January 19, 2014 |title=Top 10 Wikipedia Moments – World Wide Wiki: Who Founded Wikipedia? |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110030812/http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C2042333_2042334_2042587%2C00.html |url-status=live }}
• {{cite journal|url=http://chnm.gmu.edu/essays-on-history-new-media/essays/?essayid=42|title=Can History Be Open Source?|first=Roy|last=Rosenzweig|journal=The Journal of American History|volume=93|issue=1|date=June 2006|pages=117–146|access-date=January 17, 2014|doi=10.2307/4486062|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425130754/http://chnm.gmu.edu/essays-on-history-new-media/essays/?essayid=42|archive-date=April 25, 2010|jstor=4486062|url-access=subscription}}
• {{cite book|title=Clio Wired: The Future of the Past in the Digital Age|isbn=978-0-231-52171-0|first=Roy |last=Rosenzweig |year= 2013|pages=54, 81, 258–261|publisher=Columbia University Press}}
• {{cite magazine|url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/07/31/060731fa_fact|first=Stacy|last=Schiff|author-link=Stacy Schiff|title=Annals of Information: Know It All – Can Wikipedia conquer expertise?|magazine=The New Yorker|date=July 31, 2006|access-date=January 19, 2014|quote=Four years later, he moved to San Diego, where he used his savings to found an Internet portal. Its audience was mostly men; pornography—videos and blogs—accounted for about a tenth of its revenues.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930011944/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/07/31/know-it-all|archive-date=September 30, 2014}}
• {{cite news|first=Patrick|last=Seitz|title=The Wizard of Wikipedia Click: Jimmy Wales sparked the go-to information site|work=Investor's Business Daily|date=June 15, 2011|page=A3|publisher=Investor's Business Daily, Inc.|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|title=Wikipedia experiences growing pains – Business plan "unsophisticated" Many wonder if site can avoid selling ads |date=March 17, 2008 |first=Alana |last=Semuels|agency=Los Angeles Times|work=The Seattle Times|page=E4|via=NewsBank}}
• {{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/outsideinnovatio0000seyb/page/250 250]|title=Outside Innovation: How Your Customers Will Co-Design Your Company's Future|first=Patricia B.|last=Seybold|year=2006|publisher=HarperBusiness|isbn=978-0-06-113590-3|url=https://archive.org/details/outsideinnovatio0000seyb/page/250}}
• {{cite book|chapter=Chapter 5: Personal Motivation Meets Collaborative Production|title=Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations|first= Clay |last=Shirky|author-link=Clay Shirky|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2009|isbn=978-0-14-311494-9|title-link=Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations}}
• {{cite news|title=The man with all the answers|first=Joanna|last=Slater|work=The Globe and Mail|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc.|date=January 15, 2011|page=B3|location=Toronto, Canada|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|work=USA Today|date=February 26, 1999|title=The faithful have a galaxy of Web sites to visit|first=Csar G.|last= Soriano|page=2E|publisher=Gannett Company, Inc.|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|title=For the record, Wikipedia has some roots in Chicago |work=Chicago Sun-Times|location=Chicago, Illinois|date=December 4, 2006 |first=Brad|last=Spirrison|page=62|publisher=Chicago Sun-Times, Inc.|via=NewsBank}}
• {{Cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegelwissen/0,1518,715592,00.html|language=de|access-date=October 14, 2012|work=Der Spiegel|date=August 31, 2010|title=Eine Weltmacht im Netz|first=Christian|last=Stöcker|archive-date=September 10, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100910020849/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegelwissen/a-715592.html}}
• {{cite news|title=Spotlight : Lawrence Mark "Larry" Sanger|date=April 2, 2007|work=The Star|location=Amman, Jordan|publisher=Al Bawaba (Middle East) Ltd.|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Spotlight+%3A+Lawrence+Mark+%22Larry%22+Sanger.-a0183540400|access-date=September 30, 2014}}
• {{cite news|work=The Sunday Times|title=Mr Know-It-All is giving up billions|date=January 16, 2011|page=23|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/comment/profiles/article510905.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006084713/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/comment/profiles/article510905.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 6, 2014|access-date=September 30, 2014|url-access=subscription}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Features/2010/10/03/The-encyclopaedia-salesman/|access-date=January 19, 2014|title=Features: The encyclopaedia salesman|work=The Star|publisher=Star Publications|date=June 19, 2013|first=Elizabeth|last=Tai}}
• {{cite news|title=Mr Wikipedia's knowledge quest|first=Helen|last=Twose|date=November 10, 2007|work=The New Zealand Herald|location=Auckland, New Zealand|page=5|publisher= APN Newspapers Pty Ltd.|via=WestLaw}}
• {{cite news|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|location=Sydney|date=September 9, 2000 |title= Living in the '70s; R2 The '70s Reviews|first=Cotton |last=Ward|page=8; Section: Computers, Icon|publisher=John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd|via=LexisNexis}}
• {{cite news|language=de|work=Basler Zeitung|oclc=183307820|location=Basel, Switzerland|title=Ich will kein Diktator sein|first=Daniel W. |last=Szpilma|date=September 1, 2014|access-date=September 27, 2014|publisher=Basler Zeitung Medien|url=http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wissen/bildung/Ich-will-kein-Diktator-sein/story/31641515|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905182358/http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wissen/bildung/Ich-will-kein-Diktator-sein/story/31641515|archive-date=September 5, 2014}}
• {{cite book|pages=179–180|title=The Everything Guide to Social Media|first=John K.|last=Waters|year=2010|publisher=Adams Media|isbn=978-1-4405-0631-4}}
• {{cite book|page=[https://archive.org/details/everythingismisc00davi/page/138 138]|title=Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder|first=David|last=Weinberger|author-link=David Weinberger|publisher=Holt|isbn=978-0-8050-8811-3|year=2008|title-link=Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder}}
• {{cite news|work=Toronto Star|date=April 8, 1999|title='Webbies' honour best of the Internet|first=Robert|last=Wright|publisher=Toronto Star Newspapers, Ltd.|via= LexisNexis}}
• {{cite book|title=The Future of the Internet—And How to Stop It |url=https://archive.org/details/futureoftheinternetandhow00zitt |page= [https://archive.org/details/futureoftheinternetandhow00zitt/page/n142 133]|isbn=978-0-300-14534-2|first=Jonathan|last=Zittrain|author-link=Jonathan Zittrain |year= 2008 |publisher=Yale University Press}}

{{refend}}

;Primary sources

• {{cite news|title=Bomis.Com Browser Kills Pop-Up Advertising!|date=March 8, 1999|agency=PR Newswire|location=San Diego, California|page=9941|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bomis.Com+Browser+Kills+Pop-Up+Advertising!-a054029681|access-date=January 17, 2014|archive-date=January 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119051423/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Bomis.Com+Browser+Kills+Pop-Up+Advertising!-a054029681|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite news|title=Upstart Open Content Encyclopedia Threatens to Displace Britannica, Encarta|agency=PR Newswire|date=November 9, 2000|location=San Diego, California|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Upstart+Open+Content+Encyclopedia+Threatens+to+Displace+Britannica,...-a066763343|access-date=January 18, 2014|archive-date=February 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201104123/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Upstart+Open+Content+Encyclopedia+Threatens+to+Displace+Britannica,...-a066763343|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite web|title=Bomis What's New|url=http://www.bomis.com/bomisreport/|access-date=July 14, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118074538/http://www.bomis.com/bomisreport/|archive-date=January 18, 2010}}
• {{Cite web|url=http://www.bomis.com/about/bomis_faq.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724210118/http://www.bomis.com/about/bomis_faq.html|archive-date=July 24, 2008|access-date=October 14, 2012|title=Bomis FAQ|url-status=dead|publisher=Bomis}}
• {{cite web|url=http://www.freedomsnest.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060323230349/http://www.freedomsnest.com/|archive-date=March 23, 2006|title=Freedom's Nest|access-date=October 23, 2011}}
• {{cite news|url=http://www.nekkid.info/ |publisher=Internet Archive |title=Nekkid.info |access-date=December 27, 2013 |date=January 14, 2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140120022941/http://www.nekkid.info/ |archive-date=January 20, 2014 }}
• {{cite news|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2001-October/000657.html|title=A question|work=Wikipedia-l|first=Jimmy|last=Wales|author-link=Jimmy Wales|date=October 28, 2001|access-date=December 30, 2013}}
• {{cite news|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-June/010743.html|title=Announcing Wikimedia Foundation|first=Jimmy|last=Wales|date=June 20, 2003|access-date=December 30, 2013|author-link=Jimmy Wales|work=Wikipedia-l}}

{{Sister project links | wikt= no| commons=Category:Bomis | b=Category:Bomis | n=Bomis | q=Bomis | s=Category:Bomis | v=Category:Bomis | voy= no| species=no | d=Q935818 | mw=no | display=Bomis}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.bomis.com/ Bomis] at the Internet Archive
• Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, at Wikipedia:Meta
• Former Board of Trustees members, at Wikimedia Foundation

{{Wikipediahistory}}

{{Portal bar|Companies|Florida|Internet|Nudity|Erotica and pornography|Human sexuality|United States}}

Category:Defunct online companies of the United States

Category:Online mass media companies of the United States

Category:History of Wikipedia

Category:Companies established in 1996

Category:Companies based in St. Petersburg, Florida

Category:Defunct networking companies

Category:Adult entertainment companies

Category:American erotica and pornography websites

Category:Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia

Category:1996 establishments in Florida

Category:Jimmy Wales