Bone Spring Formation
{{Short description|Geologic formation in Texas and New Mexico, US}}
{{Infobox rockunit
| name = Bone Spring Formation
| image =
| caption =
| type = Formation
| age = {{Geological range|Kungurian}}
| period = Kungurian
| prilithology = Limestone
| otherlithology = Shale, sandstone
| namedfor = Bone Spring Canyon
| namedby = Blanchard and Davis
| year_ts = 1929
| region = Texas
New Mexico
| country = United States
| coordinates = {{coord|31.8508|N|104.9817|W|display:inline}}
| unitof =
| subunits =
| underlies = Cutoff Shale
| overlies =
| thickness = {{convert|1000|meters|feet|abbr=on}}
| extent =
| area =
| map = {{Location map+ | United States#Texas
| relief = 1
| width = 250
| float = center
| places =
{{Location map~ | United States#Texas
| lat_deg = 31.8508
| lon_deg = -104.9817
| mark = Red pog.svg
| marksize = 12
}}
}}
| map_caption =
}}
The Bone Spring Formation is a geologic formation found in the Delaware Basin in Texas and New Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Leonardian Age of the Permian Period.{{sfn|Kues|Giles|2004}}
Description
The formation consists of dark gray deep marine limestone interbedded with shale and sandstone{{sfn|Kues|Giles|2004}} interpreted as turbidites.{{sfn|Mazzullo|1995}} The total thickness is about {{convert|1000|meters|feet|sp=us}}. The base of the formation is largely concealed in the subsurface, and the formation is overlain by the Cutoff Shale.{{sfn|Kues|Giles|2004}} The formation grades laterally into the Victorio Peak Formation.{{sfn|Kues|Giles|2004|p=100}}
{{anchor|Avalon Shale}}
The uppermost shale beds of the formation have been assigned to the Avalon Shale.{{sfn|Nester|Schwartz|Bishop|Garcia-Barriuso|2014}}
Fossils
The formation contains fossils of the brachiopods Productus leonardensis, Marginifera cristobalensis, Pugnoides texanus, P. bidentatus, and Composita mexicana; the ammonites Peritrochia erebus, Paracelites elegans, Agathiceras texanum, and Perrinites.{{sfn|Sellards|1933}}
History of investigation
The formation was first designated the Bone Springs Limestone by Blanchard and Davis in 1929.{{sfn|Blanchard|Davis|1929}} It has subsequently been demoted to membership as the Bone Canyon Member of the Leonard Formation,{{sfn|King|King|1929}} renamed the Bone Spring Limestone,{{sfn|King|1934}} and most recently redesigned the Bone Spring Formation.{{sfn|Kues|Giles|2004}} The Cutoff Shale was removed as a separate formation in 1964.{{sfn|Hayes|1964}}
Economic geology
The sandstones of the Bone Spring Formation are important petroleum reservoirs with estimated reserves in 1997 of 300,000–375,000 bbl.{{sfn|Montgomery|1997}}{{sfn|Schwartz|Starr|Meier|Stolte|2018}} The formation lies deep in the subsurface in the Delaware Basin, where its shale facies is known as the Avalon Shale.{{sfn|Stolz|Franseen|Goldstein|2015}}
See also
Footnotes
{{reflist}}
References
- {{cite journal |last1=Blanchard |first1=W. Grant Jr. |last2=Davis |first2=Morgan J. |title=Permian Stratigraphy and Structure of Parts of Southeastern New Mexico and Southwestern Texas |journal=AAPG Bulletin |date=1929 |volume=13 |doi=10.1306/3D93286E-16B1-11D7-8645000102C1865D}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Hayes |first1=Philip Thayer |title=Geology of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico |journal=U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper |series=Professional Paper |date=1964 |volume=446 |doi=10.3133/pp446|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc784465/ |doi-access=free }}
- {{cite journal |last1=King |first1=Philip B. |last2=King |first2=Robert E. |title=Stratigraphy of Outcropping Carboniferous and Permian Rocks of Trans-Pecos Texas |journal=AAPG Bulletin |date=1929 |volume=13 |doi=10.1306/3D93286B-16B1-11D7-8645000102C1865D}}
- {{cite journal |last1=King |first1=P. B. |title=Permian stratigraphy of trans-Pecos Texas |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |date=31 August 1934 |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=697–798 |doi=10.1130/GSAB-45-697}}
- {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Kues |first1=B.S. |last2=Giles |first2=K.A. |year=2004 |title=The late Paleozoic Ancestral Rocky Mountain system in New Mexico |editor1-last=Mack |editor1-first=G.H. |editor2-last=Giles |editor2-first=K.A. |encyclopedia=The geology of New Mexico. A geologic history: New Mexico Geological Society Special Volume 11 |pages=95–136 |isbn=978-1-58546-010-6}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Mazzullo |first1=S. J. |title=Permian Stratigraphy and Facies, Permian Basin (Texas—New Mexico) and Adjoining Areas in the Midcontinent United States |journal=The Permian of Northern Pangea |date=1995 |pages=41–60 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-78590-0_3|isbn=978-3-642-78592-4 }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Montgomery |first1=Scott L. |title=Permian Bone Spring Formation: Sandstone Play in the Delaware Basin, Part II-Basin |journal=AAPG Bulletin |date=1997 |volume=81 |doi=10.1306/3B05BB0A-172A-11D7-8645000102C1865D}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Nester |first1=Peter |last2=Schwartz |first2=Kenneth |last3=Bishop |first3=James |last4=Garcia-Barriuso |first4=Maria |title=The Avalon Shale: Tying Geologic Variability to Productivity in a Burgeoning Shale Play in the Delaware Basin of Southeast New Mexico |journal=Proceedings of the 2nd Unconventional Resources Technology Conference |date=2014 |doi=10.15530/URTEC-2014-1922929}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Schwartz |first1=Kenneth |last2=Starr |first2=Allison |last3=Meier |first3=Holly |last4=Stolte |first4=Natasha |title=Review of the First Bone Spring Hybrid Play in the Delaware Basin, West Texas and Southeast New Mexico |journal=Proceedings of the 6th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference |date=2018 |doi=10.15530/urtec-2018-2901606|isbn=978-0-9912144-5-7 }}
- {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Sellards |first1=E.H. |year=1933 |title=The pre-Paleozoic and Paleozoic systems in Texas, Part 1 |editor1-last=Sellards |editor1-first=E.H. |editor2-last=Adkins |editor2-first=W.S. |editor3-last=Plummer |editor3-first=F.B |encyclopedia=The geology of Texas |volume=1 |publisher=University of Texas |pages=15–238}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Stolz |first1=Dustin J. |last2=Franseen |first2=Evan K. |last3=Goldstein |first3=Robert H. |title=Character of the Avalon Shale (Bone Spring Formation) of the Delaware Basin, West Texas and Southeast New Mexico: Effect of Carbonate-rich Sediment Gravity Flows |journal=Proceedings of the 3rd Unconventional Resources Technology Conference |date=2015 |doi=10.15530/urtec-2015-2154681|isbn=978-0-9912144-2-6 }}
Category:Permian geology of Texas
Category:Permian formations of New Mexico
Category:Limestone formations of the United States