Bontebok

{{speciesbox

| name = Bontebok

| image = Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) (30573334994).jpg

| image_caption = Bontebok in Bontebok National Park, South Africa.

| status = VU

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite iucn |author=Radloff, F. |author2=Birss, C. |author3=Cowell, C. |author4=Peinke, D. |author5=Dalton, D. |author6=Kotze, A. |year=2017 |title=Damaliscus pygargus ssp. pygargus |page=e.T6236A50185717 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T6236A50185717.en}}

| status2 = CITES_A2

| status2_system = CITES

| status2_ref = {{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}

| taxon = Damaliscus pygargus

| authority = (Pallas, 1767)

| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies

| subdivision =

D. p. pygargus
D. p. phillipsi

}}

The bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus) is an antelope found in South Africa, Lesotho and Namibia. D. pygargus has two subspecies; the nominate subspecies (D. p. pygargus),{{MSW3|id=14200523}} occurring naturally in the Fynbos and Renosterveld areas of the Western Cape, and the blesbok (D. p. phillipsi) occurring in the Highveld.

The bontebok is related to the common tsessebe.

Description

Image:Bontebok00.jpg

The bontebok is a tall, medium-sized antelope. They typically stand {{convert|80|to|100|cm|in|abbr=on}} high at the shoulder and measure {{convert|120|to|210|cm|in|abbr=on}} along the head and body. The tail can range from {{convert|30|to|60|cm|in|abbr=on}}. Body mass can vary from {{convert|50|to|155|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Males are slightly larger and noticeably heavier than females.Burnie, D. and Wilson, D.E. (eds.), Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. DK Adult (2005), {{ISBN|0789477645}} The bontebok is a chocolate brown colour, with a white underside and a white stripe from the forehead to the tip of the nose, although there is a brown stripe across the white near the eyes in most blesbok. The bontebok also has a distinctive white patch around its tail (hence the Latin name), while this patch is light brown/tan in the blesbok. The horns of the bontebok are lyre-shaped and clearly ringed. They are found in both sexes and can reach a length of half a metre.

Habitat

Blesbok live in the Highveld, where they eat short grasses, while bontebok are restricted to the coastal Fynbos and the Renosterveld.(Skead, 1980) They are diurnal, though they rest during the heat of the day. Herds may contain only males, only females, or be mixed, and do not exceed 40 animals for bontebok or 70 for blesbok.

File:Bontebok with calf.jpg

Behavior

File:Buntbock 8426.jpg

Bontebok are not good jumpers, but they are very good at crawling under things.{{citation needed|date=March 2025}} Mature males form territories and face down other males in displays and occasionally fight them.

Conservation

Bontebok were once extensively killed as pests, and by the early 20th century were reduced to a wild population of just 17 individuals. The species was saved from certain extinction when Dutch farmer Alexander van der Bijl corralled the remaining individuals into a fence, which they were unable to jump out of. In 1931, this herd of 17 was transferred to Bontebok National Park, which was established for the explicit purpose of conservation of the species. By the time the park was relocated to better suit the needs of the bontebok in 1961, the herd had grown to 61 members. Today, their population is estimated to range from 2,500 to 3,000, all descendants of the original herd of 17 members.{{Cite web|title=Bontebok Can't Jump: The Most Dramatic Conservation Success You've Never Heard About|date=8 July 2015 |url=https://blog.nature.org/science/2015/07/08/bontebok-cant-jump-the-most-dramatic-conservation-success-youve-never-heard-about/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427131408/https://blog.nature.org/science/2015/07/08/bontebok-cant-jump-the-most-dramatic-conservation-success-youve-never-heard-about/ |archive-date=2022-04-27 }}

While Bontebok are extinct in their natural habitat, they have increased in population to the point where they are now very abundant and avidly farmed, because they are popular quarry for hunters and are easy to sustain.

In culture

The bontebok is the provincial animal of Western Cape.{{Cite web|title=Symbols of the Province of the Western Cape|url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2009/11/wcsymbols%5B1%5D.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430085958/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/Text/2009/11/wcsymbols%5B1%5D.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-30 }}