Book of the Cock
{{short description|Geʽez passion gospel}}
{{italic title}}
The Book of the Cock (alternatively the Ethiopic Book of the Cock or the Book of the Rooster;{{efn-ua|Crowley suggested it be called The Homily and Teaching of our Fathers the Holy Apostles.{{sfn|Crowley|1985|p=20}}}} Geʽez: {{lang|gez|Mäṣḥafä Dorho}}, መጽሐፈ፡ ዶርሆ፡; French: {{lang|fr|Le Livre du Coq}}{{sfnm|1a1=Crowley|1y=1985|1p=21|2a1=Le Quellec|2y=2017|2p=342|3a1=Piovanelli|3y=2003|3p=432|4a1=Suciu|4y=2015|4p=251}}) is a Geʽez narrative of the passion of Jesus (a passion gospel). It was likely written in the fifth or sixth centuries and is based on an earlier version in Arabic or Greek. It has contemporary use among some Ethiopian Christians.
Description and contents
The Book of the Cock is a Geʽez narrative of the passion of Jesus (a passion gospel).{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|p=427}} It is likely based on a {{lang|de|vorlage}} (an earlier version) in Arabic{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|pp=427–428}} or Greek.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2009|p=226}} It was probably written in the 400s or 500s.{{efn-ua|{{harvnb|Piovanelli|2003|p=428}}, gives the date as either the fifth or sixth centuries. {{harvnb|Piovanelli|2009|p=226}}, gives the date as between 451 and 479. {{harvnb|Kelley|2015|p=15}}, gives the date as the fifth century.}} It uses material from the four gospels (Mark, Luke, Matthew, and John) and various other sources.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|p=431}}
It describes the final three days of Jesus's life, including a sequence where he reanimated a previously roasted rooster that He sent to spy on Judas Iscariot when he (Judas) was plotting to betray Jesus.{{efn-ua|This rooster gives the book its name.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|p=432}}}}{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|p=429}} The rooster informed Jesus and his disciples of the plan.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|p=429}} Among other events, the Book of the Rooster describes Saul of Tarsus' participation in the arrest, abuse and crucifixion of Jesus, the betrayal of Jesus by a female relative of Judas, a debate between Pilate and Herod about the culpability of Jesus, Mary's grief, John the Evangelist{{sfn|Crowley|1985|p=20}} witnessing the crucifixion of Jesus, the conversations Jesus had with the two thieves he was crucified alongside – Gestas (Awsēmobyā) and Demas (Salikonilidākki) – and references to other miracles that Jesus performed during his life.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|pp=430–431}}
The rooster may be based on the Ziz of Jewish mythology, a giant bird.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2009|p=229}}
Like the Gospel of Judas from the second century, the Book of the Rooster attempts to explain the betrayal of Judas before the Last Supper – an act which is traditionally seen as abrupt or lacking reason.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2009|pp=222–223}}
History and cultural importance
In the nineteenth century, the cockerel sequence was thought to be a complete story; in 1985, biblical scholar Roger Crowley wrote that it was a sequence within a larger narrative.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|p=433}}
Biblical scholar Pierluigi Piovanelli describes the Book of the Cock as a "quasi-canonical" book with prominent contemporary use in the Christian community in Ethiopia.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|p=433}} Over half of the existing manuscripts of the text (or manuscripts preserving a portion of the text) reside in Ethiopian libraries, and it has been used alongside other Christian texts during Ethiopian Holy Week activities.{{sfn|Piovanelli|2003|pp=434–435}}
Notes and references
=Notes=
{{notelist-ua}}
=Citations=
{{reflist}}
=Works cited=
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite journal |last=Crowley |first=Roger W. |title=The so-called "Ethiopic Book of the Cock" – Part of an apocryphal passion gospel, The Homily and Teaching of our Fathers the Holy Apostles |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=117 |issue=1 |date=1985 |pages=16–22 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00154905|s2cid=162813973 }}
- {{cite book |last=Kelley |first=Nicole |chapter=The fragmentation and inversion of empire in the Christian apocryphal acts |title=Sacred scripture and secular struggles |editor-last=Meconi |editor-first=David Vincent |publisher=Brill |date=2015 |series=The Bible in Ancient Christianity |isbn=9789004304567}}
- {{cite journal |last=Le Quellec |first=Jean-Loïc |author-link=:fr:Jean-Loïc Le Quellec |title=A version of the Comparative Denial in the manuscript 'Aqd al-Gahwar |journal=Fabula |volume=58 |issue=3–4 |date=2017 |pages=335–342 |doi=10.1515/fabula-2017-0029}}
- {{cite journal |last=Piovanelli |first=Pierluigi |title=Exploring the Ethiopic Book of the Cock, an apocryphal passion gospel from late antiquity |journal=Harvard Theological Review |volume=96 |issue=4 |date=2003 |pages=427–454 |doi=10.1017/S0017816003000518|s2cid=162634709 }}
- {{cite book |last=Piovanelli |first=Pierluigi |chapter=Rabbi Yehuda versus Judas Iscariot |title=The Codex Judas papers |editor-last=DeConick |editor-first=April D. |editor-link=April DeConick |publisher=Brill |date=2009 |series=Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies |isbn=9789004181403}}
- Piovanelli, Pierluigi. “Livre du Coq.” Pages 137–203 dans Tome 2 d' Écrits Apocryphes Chrétiens. Edited by Pierre Geoltrain and Jean-Daniel Kaestli. Bibliothèque de la Pléiade 516. Paris: Gallimard, 2005.
- {{cite journal |last=Suciu |first=Alin |author-link=Alin Suciu |title=The recovery of the lost fragment preserving the title of the Coptic Book of Bartholomew |journal=Apocrypha |volume=26 |date=2015 |pages=239–259 |doi=10.1484/J.APOCRA.5.109951}}
{{refend}}
- The_Ethiopic_Book_of_the_Cock_2024_An_English_translation, https://www.academia.edu/123597409/The_Ethiopic_Book_of_the_Cock_2024_An_English_translation
- Ethiopic Book of the Cock Resources, https://www.nasscal.com/e-clavis-christian-apocrypha/book-of-the-rooster/
Category:5th-century Christian texts