Booya (ship)

De Lauwers was a designed for coastal and near-sea trading taking advantage of the compact auxiliary internal combustion engines, in conjunction with the traditional sailing ship design of a three-masted schooner. The engine not only ensured that voyages could be scheduled more reliably, but enabled the steel hull to have flat bottom and shallower draught, enabling the ship to carry more cargo and enter more small ports and rivers. Under sail alone, such a profile would be less manageable.{{cite web |title=De Wadden - Keep the home fires burning |url=https://www.ww1britainssurvivingvessels.org.uk/vessels/de-wadden.html |publisher=National Historic Ships UK |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822223549/https://www.ww1britainssurvivingvessels.org.uk/vessels/de-wadden.html |archive-date=22 August 2023 |location=Greenwich}} As built, she measured {{GRT|254}} and {{NRT|192}}192 , with a length of {{convert|117.5|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}, breadth of {{convert|24.5|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} and depth of {{convert|10.2|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}.{{cite book |title=Lloyd’s Register of Shipping - Vol.II Steamers, Supplement |date=1919 |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/HECROS1920ST/ROS1920ST%20Combined/page/n1300/mode/1up |access-date=1 September 2023}} The {{convert|130|bhp|kW|abbr=on}} 2-cylinder oil engine was made by Steywal Motorfabriek of Overschie.

The shipyard of Gebroeders Van Diepen of Waterhuizen, near Groningen, Netherlands, built De Lauwers and her two sister ships, De Wadden and De Dollart, for the Nederlandsche Stoomvaart Maatschappij (Netherlands Steamshipping Company). They were able to take advantage of the unique trading conditions the Dutch had during the First World War due to their neutrality, giving the opportunity to trade with both Germany and the Allies.{{Cite web |title=First World War: Britain’s surviving vessels |url=https://www.ww1britainssurvivingvessels.org.uk/vessels/de-wadden.html |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=First World War: Britain’s surviving vessels |language=en}}

De Lauwers was registered in Amsterdam and entered service in 1917 with Dutch code Letters PJBT. In 1920, she became known as the Argosy Lemal after she was purchased and registered by the Argosy Shipping and Coal Company in Newcastle-on-Tyne in England.{{cite web |last1=Reynolds |first1=Steve |title=The Schooner BOOYA 4.0 |url=http://seadragon.podzone.org/nletters/january2008.htm |website=Newsletter |publisher=Marine Life Society of South Australia |access-date=1 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019182651/http://www.mlssa.asn.au/nletters/january2008.htm |archive-date=19 October 2009 |location=Adelaide |date=January 2008|url-status=live}} In 1923, she was brought to Australia and was purchased by Yorke Shipping Pty Ltd and subsequently played an active role in coastal shipping working numerous ports including Port Adelaide and Hobart.[http://nt.gov.au/nreta/heritage/ntregister/declared/booya/booyashipwreck.pdf Booya 1917 to 1974] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926185514/http://nt.gov.au/nreta/heritage/ntregister/declared/booya/booyashipwreck.pdf |date=26 September 2009 }} (2009). Department of Natural Resources, Environment and The Arts. Retrieved on 8 June 2009. That company later became a subsidiary of the Adelaide Steamship Company.

In November 1942, the Commonwealth Government requisitioned Argosy Lemal and she played an important role in the US Army Small Ships Section, functioning as a radio communication vessel in the Arafura and Timor Seas during World War II.[http://cas.awm.gov.au/photograph/302944 AWM Collection Record: 302944] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614220521/http://cas.awm.gov.au/photograph/302944 |date=14 June 2012 }} (2008). Australian Auxiliary Schooner Argosy Lemal. Retrieved on 10 June 2009.[http://www.smh.com.au/news/news/diving-near-booya-wreck-a-possibility/2007/07/17/1184559766796.html Diving near Booya wreck a possibility] (2007). Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 17 June 2009. The crew of 12 was made up of Australians, Americans, Norwegians, Scandinavians, Scots, and English personnel.Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology (2007, p. 8). [http://www.aima.iinet.net.au/publications/newsletters/docs/NLv26n1y07.pdf Historic photos of life aboard the Booya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218105223/http://www.aima.iinet.net.au/publications/newsletters/docs/NLv26n1y07.pdf |date=18 February 2011 }}. Retrieved on 9 June 2009. As operations against the enemy began in the island and ocean areas northward from Australia in 1942, amphibious communications became necessary. The SWPA chief signal officer, General Spencer B. Akin, created a small fleet that served as relay ships from forward areas to headquarters. Their function and number soon expanded when they took aboard the forward command post communications facilities as the Army's CP fleet. The small communications ships, part of the U.S. Army's Small Ships Section of Australian, acquired vessels known officially as the "catboat flotilla,"{{cite book |title=United States Army in World War II-The Technical Services-The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas |last=Bykofsky |first=Joseph Raynor |author2=Larson, Harold |year=1990 |publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army |page=452 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-18/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031213220/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-18/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 October 2011 |access-date=19 February 2012}} proved so useful in amphibious actions that Army elements in SWPA operations continually competed to obtain their services. The first Australian vessels acquired by General Akin to be converted during the first half of 1943 by Australian firms into communications ships,{{cite book | last = Masterson | first = Dr. James R. | year = 1949 | pages = 570–571 | url = http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/ref/collection/p4013coll11/id/903 | title = U. S. Army Transportation in the Southwest Pacific Area 1941–1947 | location = Washington | publisher = Transportation Unit, Historical Division, Special Staff, U. S. Army | format = PDF | access-date = 4 May 2013 | archive-date = 30 September 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140930021237/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm/ref/collection/p4013coll11/id/903 | url-status = dead }} were the Harold (S-58, CS-3), an auxiliary ketch, and Argosy Lemal (S-6).These initial ships would be joined by the U.S. sailing ships Volador and Geoanna. From Milne Bay, the vessels then served at Port Moresby, at Woodlark, and in the Lae-Salamaua area through mid-1943.{{cite book |title=United States Army in World War II-The Technical Services-The Signal Corps: The Outcome (Mid-1943 Through 1945) |last=Thompson |first=George Raynor |author2=Harris, Dixie R. |year=1991 |publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army |pages=262, 259–265, 275–288 |url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-18/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111031213220/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/010/10-18/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 October 2011 |access-date=19 February 2012}}

A graphic account of some of the vicissitudes of the Argosy Lemal and its mixed crew came from S/Sgt. Arthur B. Dunning, Headquarters Company, 60th Signal Battalion. He and six other enlisted men of that unit were ordered aboard her on 9 September 1943, at Oro Bay, New Guinea, to handle Army radio traffic. The commander of the ship reported to naval authorities, not to General Akin. After six months' service along the New Guinea coast, the skipper was removed for incompetence. His replacement was no better. Among other things, he obeyed to the letter Navy's order forbidding the use of unshielded radio receivers at sea. Since the Signal Corps receivers aboard the ship were unshielded and thus liable to radiate sufficiently to alert nearby enemy listeners, the men were forbidden to switch them on in order to hear orders from Army headquarters ashore. As a consequence, during a trip in the spring of 1944 from Milne Bay to Cairns, Australia (on naval orders), the crew failed to hear frantic Signal Corps radio messages to Argosy Lemal ordering her to return at once to Milne Bay to make ready for a forthcoming Army operation. On the way to Australia the skipper, after a series of mishaps attributable to bad navigation, grounded Argosy hard on a reef. Most of the crew already desperately ill of tropical diseases, now had additional worries. The radio antennas were swept away along with the ship's rigging, and help could not be requested until the Signal Corps men strung up a makeshift antenna. Weak with fevers and in a ship on the verge of foundering, they pumped away at the water rising in the hold and wondered why rescue was delayed till they learned that the position of the ship that the skipper had given them to broadcast was ninety miles off their true position. As they threw excess cargo overboard, "some of the guys", recorded Dunning, "were all for jettisoning our skipper for getting us into all of this mess." Much later, too late for the need the Signal Corps had for the ship, the Argosy Lemal was rescued and towed to Port Moresby for repairs to the vessel and medical attention to the crew, many of whom were by then, according to Dunning, "psycho-neurotic." Besides Dunning, a radio operator, there were T/4 Jack Stanton, also a radio operator; T/Sgt. Harold Wooten, the senior non-commissioned officer; T/4 Finch and T/5 Burtness, maintenance men; and T/5 Ingram and Pfc. Devlin, code and message center clerks. Dunning described the Argosy as a 3-mast sailing vessel with a 110-horsepower auxiliary diesel engine. "She was the sixth vessel," he wrote, "to be taken over by the Small Ships Section of the U.S. Army, her primary purpose was handling [radio] traffic between forward areas and the main USASOS headquarters."

After the war, she was purchased by the Middle East Trading Company in 1949 and renamed Ametco (acronym for Australian Middle East Trading Co). The Ametco sank at Low Wooded Island off the Queensland coast, but was salvaged in poor condition, and taken to Melbourne for repairs. She was purchased in 1952 by shipping company MB Crouch & Co Limited, who renamed her Clair Crouch, after the owner's daughter. The Clair Crouch traded around the Australian coast until 1958 when she was converted to carry sulphuric acid between Port Pirie and Port Lincoln in South Australia.

In 1964, she was sold to the Mornington Island Fishing Company and renamed Booya. She was used as a mother ship and fuel supply vessel for the Northern prawn fleets, but became laid up in 1965/66 until she was sold again in 1968 (some sources say 1971) to the Denham Island Transport Company, trading cargo mainly between Dili and Darwin.

On the evening of 24 December 1974, Booya was moored near Fort Hill wharf with four crew and one guest on board. As Cyclone Tracy approached Darwin, she – and all other vessels – were ordered off the wharves and instructed to find safe anchorage.[http://www.aima.iinet.net.au/publications/newsletters/docs/NLv25n3y06.pdf Cyclone Tracy and the Schooner Booya] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090913170120/http://www.aima.iinet.net.au/publications/newsletters/docs/NLv25n3y06.pdf |date=13 September 2009 }} (2006). Australasian Institute for Maritime Archaeology. Newsletter: Volume 25, Number 23. Retrieved on 10 June 2009. Booya was last seen at about 8.00pm leaving Fort Hill wharf.Reynolds, Steve (2005). Marine Life Society of South Australia Inc: [http://www.mlssa.asn.au/nletters/april2005.htm Cyclone Tracy Shipwrecks] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019181908/http://www.mlssa.asn.au/nletters/april2005.htm |date=19 October 2009 }}. Newsletter April 2005. Retrieved on 10 June 2009.[http://web2.entity1.com/PFES/index.cfm?fuseaction=viewMediaRelease&pID=1879&y=2003&mo=12 Divers continue Booya search]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (2003). NT Police Fire & Emergency Services: Media Release. Retrieved on 10 June 2009. At the time of her loss, she was 35.8 metres long and had a gross register tonnage of 262 tons. For the next 29 years she remained missing, presumed sunk with the loss of all lives in the huge seas whipped up by Cyclone Tracy's 300 km/h winds.

On 22 October 2003, divers discovered the wreck by chance in Darwin Harbour, lying on her starboard side in about 20 metres of water, five nautical miles (9 km) from shore. Her exact location was given as {{coord|12|23.381|S|130|46.281|E|display=inline|format=dms}}. The discovery and subsequent identification of the Booya led to a coronial inquiry.[https://web.archive.org/web/20101121173741/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2004/09/10/1196881.htm Inquest to be considered for Booya wreckage] (2004). ABC News. Retrieved on 17 June 2009. The Northern Territory Government signed an instrument re-declaring the wreck site subject to an Interim Conservation Order, under the Heritage Conservation Act ensuring an exclusion zone over the wreck.[http://newsroom.nt.gov.au/2004/20040202_booya.shtml Protection of "Booya" wreck site extended] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022234334/http://newsroom.nt.gov.au/2004/20040202_booya.shtml |date=22 October 2009 }} (2004). NT Government: Media Release. Retrieved on 10 June 2009. In 2005, Booya and the surrounding area was declared a 'heritage site'.[http://nt.gov.au/nreta/heritage/ntregister/declared/booya/booya_plan.pdf Interim Management Plan for the Wreck of the Booya] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926185651/http://nt.gov.au/nreta/heritage/ntregister/declared/booya/booya_plan.pdf |date=26 September 2009 }}. (2007). Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts. Retrieved on 11 June 2009. Despite a thorough search of the Booya by police divers, no human remains were found; however some personal effects, able to be identified by relatives of the deceased persons, were retrieved.Cavenagh, Greg (2005) [http://www.nt.gov.au/justice/ntmc/docs/judgements/2005/ntmc016.html Inquest into the Deaths of Raymond Curtain et al]. Coroner's Court of Darwin. Retrieved on 11 June 2009. The Coroner's Court concluded that the vessel sank due to strong winds and high seas created by Cyclone Tracy and that the crew perished at sea late on 24 or early on 25 December 1974.

Official Numbers were a forerunner to IMO Numbers.

Argosy Lemal had the UK Official Number 144888 and used the Code Letters KGHS from 1930 and VJDF from 1933.

• HMAS Arrow (P 88)

{{reflist|group=Note}}

{{Reflist | 2}}

• [https://nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/204373/booya-brochure.pdf Official wreck site brochure]
• [http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/usarmy/usarmysmallships.htm US Army Small Ships Section United States Army Services Of Supply (USASOS) In Australian Waters During WW II]

{{1974 shipwrecks}}

{{Australian historic shipwrecks with a protected zone|state=collapsed}}

{{Recreational dive sites|wresit}}

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Category:1917 ships

Category:1974–75 Australian region cyclone season

Category:Shipwrecks of the Northern Territory

Category:Maritime incidents in 1974

Category:Underwater diving sites in Australia

Category:Darwin, Northern Territory in World War II

Category:Ships of the United States Army

Category:South West Pacific theatre of World War II

Category:Fishing ships of Australia

Category:Australian Shipwrecks with protected zone

Category:Cyclone Tracy