Borate mineral
{{Short description|Mineral which contains a borate anion group}}
File:Londonite-Tourmaline-120977.jpg tourmaline. Londonite is an unusual caesium-rich heptaborate.[http://www.mindat.org/min-7082.html Londonite] at Mindat.org]]
The Borate Minerals are minerals which contain a borate anion group. The borate (BO3) units may be polymerised similar to the SiO4 unit of the silicate mineral class. This results in B2O5, B3O6, B2O4 anions as well as more complex structures which include hydroxide or halogen anions.Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius Hurlbut, Jr., Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley, 20th ed., 1985 pp. 343 - 347 {{ISBN|0-471-80580-7}} The [B(O,OH)4]− anion exists as well.
Many borate minerals, such as borax, colemanite, and ulexite, are salts: soft, readily soluble, and found in evaporite contexts. However, some, such as boracite, are hard and resistant to weathering, more similar to the silicates.
There are over 100 different borate minerals.[http://webmineral.com/strunz/V.shtml Webmineral.Com], Strunz group V/G - V/L Borate minerals include:
Nickel–Strunz Classification -06- Borates
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). This list uses it to modify the Classification of Nickel–Strunz (mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication). Note that although Nickel–Strunz division letters were traditionally based on the number of boron atoms in a mineral's chemical formula (06.A are monoborates, 06.B are diborates, etc.), the IMA has reclassified borate minerals based on the polymerisation of the borate anion.
;Abbreviations:
- REE: rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
- PGE: platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
- * : discredited (IMA/CNMNC status)
- ? : questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status)
Regarding 03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V[5,6] Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
- neso-: insular (from Greek {{lang|el|νῆσος}} {{transl|el|nêsos}}, "island")
- soro-: grouped (from Greek {{lang|el|σωρός}} {{transl|el|sōrós}}, "heap, pile, mound")
- cyclo-: rings of (from Greek {{lang|el|κύκλος}} {{transl|el|kúklos}}, "circle")
- ino-: chained (from Greek {{lang|el|ίνα}} {{transl|el|ína}}, "fibre", [from Ancient Greek {{lang|el|ἴς}}])
- phyllo-: sheets of (from Greek {{lang|el|φῠ́λλον}} {{transl|el|phúllon}}, "leaf")
- tekto-: three-dimensional framework (from Greek {{lang|el|τεκτονικός}} {{transl|el|tektōnikós}}, "of building")
;Nickel–Strunz code scheme{{colon}} NN.XY.##x:
- NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
- X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
- Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
## x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number; x an add-on letter
= Class: borates =
- 06. Alfredstelznerite
- 06.A Monoborates
- 06.AA BO3, without additional anions; 1(D): 05 Sassolite; 15 Nordenskioldine, 15 Tusionite; 35 Jimboite, 35 Kotoite; 40 Takedaite
- 06.AB BO3, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.: 05 Hambergite, 10 Berborite, 15 Jeremejevite; 20 Warwickite, 20 Yuanfuliite; 25 Karlite; 30 Azoproite, 30 Bonaccordite, 30 Fredrikssonite, 30 Ludwigite, 30 Vonsenite; 35 Pinakiolite; 40 Blatterite, 40 Orthopinakiolite, 40 Takeuchiite, 40 Chestermanite; 45 Hulsite, 45 Magnesiohulsite, 45 Aluminomagnesiohulsite; 50 Hydroxylborite, 50 Fluoborite; 55 Shabynite, 55 Wightmanite; 60 Gaudefroyite, 65 Sakhaite, 70 Harkerite; 75 IMA2008-060, 75 Pertsevite; 80 Jacquesdietrichite, 85 Painite
- 06.AC B(O,OH)4, without and with additional anions; 1(T), 1(T)+OH, etc.: 05 Sinhalite; 10 Pseudosinhalite; 15 Béhierite, 15 Schiavinatoite; 20 Frolovite; 25 Hexahydroborite; 30 Henmilite; 35 Bandylite; 40 Teepleite; 45 Moydite-(Y); 50 Carboborite; 55 Sulfoborite; 60 Luneburgite; 65 Seamanite; 70 Cahnite
- 06.H Unclassified Borates
- 06.HA Unclassified borates: 05 Chelkarite; 10 Braitschite-(Ce); 15 Satimolite; 20 Iquiqueite; 25 Wardsmithite; 30 Korzhinskite; 35 Halurgite; 40 Ekaterinite; 45 Vitimite; 50 Canavesite; 55 Qilianshanite
== Subclass: nesoborates ==
{{maincat|Nesoborates}}
- 06.BA Neso-diborates with double triangles B2(O,OH)5; 2(2D); 2(2D) + OH, etc.: 05 Suanite; 10 Clinokurchatovite, 10 Kurchatovite; 15 Sussexite, 15 Szaibelyite; 20 Wiserite
- 06.BB Neso-diborates with double tetrahedra B2O(OH)6; 2(2T): 05 Pinnoite; 10 Pentahydroborite
- 06.CA Neso-triborates: 10 Ameghinite; 15 Inderite; 20 Kurnakovite; 25 Inderborite; 30 Meyerhofferite; 35 Inyoite; 40 Solongoite; 45 Peprossiite-(Ce); 50 Nifontovite; 55 Olshanskyite
- 06.DA Neso-tetraborates: 10 Borax; 15 Tincalconite; 20 Hungchaoite; 25 Fedorovskite, 25 Roweite; 30 Hydrochlorborite; 35 Uralborite; 40 Numanoite, 40 Borcarite; 60 Fontarnauite
- 06.EA Neso-pentaborates: 05 Sborgite; 10 Ramanite-(Rb), 10 Ramanite-(Cs), 10 Santite; 15 Ammonioborite; 25 Ulexite
- 06.FA Neso-hexaborates: 05 Aksaite; 10 Mcallisterite; 15 Admontite; 20 Rivadavite; 25 Teruggite
== Subclass: inoborates ==
{{maincat|Inoborates}}
- 06.BC Ino-diborates with triangles and/or tetrahedra: 10 Calciborite, 10 Aldzhanite*; 15 Vimsite; 20 Sibirskite, 20 Parasibirskite
- 06.CB Ino-triborates: 10 Colemanite; 15 Hydroboracite; 20 Howlite; 25 Jarandolite
- 06.DB Ino-tetraborates: 05 Kernite
- 06.EB Ino-pentaborates: 05 Larderellite; 10 Ezcurrite; 15 Probertite; 20 Tertschite; 25 Priceite
- 06.FB Ino-hexaborates: 05 Aristarainite; 10 Kaliborite
== Subclass: phylloborates ==
{{maincat|Phylloborates}}
- 06.CC Phyllo-triborates: 05 Johachidolite
- 06.EC Phyllo-pentaborates: 05 Biringuccite, 05 Nasinite; 10 Gowerite; 15 Veatchite, 15 Veatchite-A, 15 Veatchite-p; 20 Volkovskite; 25 Tuzlaite; 30 Heidornite; 35 Brianroulstonite
- 06.FC Phyllo-hexaborates: 05 Nobleite, 05 Tunellite, 05 Balavinskite; 10 Strontioborite; 15 Ginorite, 15 Strontioginorite; 20 Fabianite
- 06.GB Phyllo-nonaborates, etc.: 05 Studenitsite; 10 Penobsquisite; 15 Preobrazhenskite; 20 Walkerite
== Subclass: tektoborates ==
{{maincat|Tektoborates}}
- 06.BD Tektodiborates with tetrahedra: 05 Santarosaite
- 06.DD Tekto-tetraborates: 05 Diomignite
- 06.ED Tekto-pentaborates: 05 IMA2007-047, 05 Tyretskite, 05 Hilgardite, 05 Kurgantaite
- 06.GA Tekto-heptaborates: 05 Boracite, 05 Chambersite, 05 Ericaite; 10 Congolite, 10 Trembathite
- 06.GC Tekto-dodecaborates: 05 Rhodizite, 05 Londonite
- 06.GD Mega-tektoborates: 05 Ruitenbergite, 05 Pringleite; 10 Metaborite
See also
{{Portal|Earth sciences}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
- {{Cite journal |title=The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals |author1=Stuart J. Mills |author2=Frédéric Hatert |author3=Ernest H. Nickel |author4=Giovanni Ferraris |name-list-style=amp |url=http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/Mills%20et%20al%202009%20Groups%20EJM%20October.pdf |journal=Eur. J. Mineral. |year=2009 |pages=1073–1080 |doi=10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994 |volume=21 |access-date=2011-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217063745/http://pubsites.uws.edu.au/ima-cnmnc/Mills%20et%20al%202009%20Groups%20EJM%20October.pdf |archive-date=2011-02-17 |url-status=dead }}
- {{Cite web |title=Nickel–Strunz (Version 10) Classification System |url=http://webmineral.com/strunz/strunz.php |publisher=webmineral.com |first=Jim |last=Ferraiolo }}
- Hr. Dr. Udo Neumann der Uni-Tuebingen ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110128145506/http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/uni/emi/alt/sammlung/SysMin1.htm Systematik der Minerale])
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