Boris Babkin
{{short description|Russian physiologist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Boris Petrovitch Babkin
|honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|size=100%|FRS}}
|image = Boris Babkin.jpg
|image_size = 240px
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1877|1|17|df=y}}
|birth_place =
|death_date = {{death date and age|1950|5|3|1877|1|5|df=y}}
|death_place =
|residence =
|citizenship = British
|nationality = Russian
|ethnicity =
|field = Physiology
|work_institutions = McGill University
|alma_mater = Military Medical Academy
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = Babkin reflex
|author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes = FRS{{Cite journal | last1 = De Burgh Daly | first1 = Ivan | last2 = Komarov | first2 = S. A. | last3 = Young | first3 = E. G. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1952.0002 | title = Boris Petrovitch Babkin. 1877-1950 | journal = Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 8 | issue = 21 | pages = 12–23 | year = 1952 | jstor = 768797| s2cid = 178826891 }}
|religion =
|footnotes =
|signature =
}}
Boris Petrovitch Babkin FRS, M.D., D.Sc, LL.D ({{langx|ru|Бори́с Петро́вич Ба́бкин}}; 17 January 1877 – 3 May 1950) was a Russian-born physiologist, who worked in Russia, England and Canada.{{Cite journal
| title = Boris Petrovitch Babkin
| journal = Journal of Neurophysiology
| volume = 13
| issue = 5
| pages = 389–390
| year = 1950
| pmid = 14774753
| doi=10.1152/jn.1950.13.5.389
| title = Professor Boris Babkin
| journal = Canadian Medical Association Journal
| volume = 20
| issue = 1
| pages = 55
| year = 1929
| pmid = 20317176
| pmc = 1710358
| last1 = Beck | first1 = I. T.
| title = The life, achievements and legacy of a great Canadian investigator: Professor Boris Petrovich Babkin (1877-1950)
| journal = Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology
| volume = 20
| issue = 9
| pages = 579–588
| year = 2006
| pmid = 17001399
| pmc = 2659943
| doi=10.1155/2006/745853
| doi-access = free
| last1 = MacIntosh | first1 = F. C.
| title = Boris Petrovich Babkin 1877-1950
| journal = Revue Canadienne de Biologie
| volume = 10
| issue = 1
| pages = 3–7
| year = 1951
| pmid = 14834628
}}
Career
Babkin graduated from the Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, with a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1904. He held professorships at the Novo-Alexandria Agricultural Institute and the University of Odessa, before being imprisoned and exiled from Russia in 1922, due to his criticism of the October Revolution.
He then spent two years in England, working at University College London under Ernest Starling, before joining Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, as Professor of Physiology.
In 1928 Babkin became a research professor at McGill University, Montreal, under Prof John Tait,{{cite web | url=https://www.mcgill.ca/physiology/about-us/history-department-1821-1949 | title=History of the Department 1821-1949 }} where he spent the remainder of his career. He chaired the Physiology department between 1940 and 1941, following Tait's retirement, and, following his retirement, was invited to become Research Fellow of Neurosurgery by Wilder Penfield; a position he held until his death in 1950.
In 1950, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society for "his work on the digestive glands, conditioned reflexes and the cortical representation of autonomically innervated organs. He demonstrated that a) the three pancreatic enzymes are secreted in parallel, b) sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres innervate different cells in the salivary glands and c) histamine stimulates exclusively gastric parietal cells. His researches not only refuted Heidenhain's theory of "secretory" and "trophic" nerves but led to the conception of the elements of the digestive glands being activated by different nerves and hormones. Author of "Die aussere Sekretion der Verdauungsdrusen" and "Secretory Mechanism of the Digestive Glands""
{{cite web|url = http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=RefNo==%27EC%2F1950%2F01%27&dsqCmd=Show.tcl|archive-url = https://archive.today/20130415190929/http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqSearch=RefNo=='EC/1950/01'&dsqCmd=Show.tcl|url-status = dead|archive-date = 15 April 2013|title = Library and Archive catalogue|publisher = Royal Society|access-date = 14 March 2012}} His personal papers are conserved at the McGill University Library in the collections of the Osler Library of the History of Medicine and the McGill University Archives.{{Cite web|url=https://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/boris-babkin-fonds|title=Boris Babkin Fonds, P099|website=McGill Archival Collections Catalogue}}{{Cite web|url=https://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/boris-petrovich-babkin-fonds|title=Boris Petrovitch Babkin Fonds, MG1071|website=McGill Archival Collections Catalogue}}
Honours
- 1904, Doctor of Medicine, Imperial Military Medical Academy
- 1924, Honorary Doctor of Science, University College London
- 1943, Honorary Doctor of Letters, Dalhousie University
- 1949, Friedenwald Medal, American Gastroenterological Association
- 1950, Fellow of the Royal Society
References
{{Commons category|Boris Babkin}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Babkin, Boris}}
Category:Physiologists from the Russian Empire
Category:Fellows of the Royal Society
Category:White Russian emigrants to Canada
Category:Canadian people of Russian descent
Category:Soviet emigrants to the United Kingdom