Borodino (village), Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast
{{Short description|Village in Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast, Russia}}
{{Other places3|Borodino (disambiguation){{!}}Borodino}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Borodino
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| settlement_type = Village
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| pushpin_map = Russia Moscow Oblast#Russia
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| coordinates = {{coord|55|32|N|35|49|E|display=inline,title}}|
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Russia
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| unit_pref = Metric
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File:Borodino principal monument.jpg
File:Borodino Memorial 2009.JPG Obelisk in Borodino]]
File:Flag of Borodinskoe (Moscow oblast).png
File:Borodino Church (2012-06-10).JPG
Borodino ({{langx|ru|Бородино}}, {{IPA|ru|bərədʲɪˈno|IPA}}) is a village in Mozhaysky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located {{convert|13|km|sp=us}} west of Mozhaysk.
The village is famous as the location of the Battle of Borodino that took place on 7 September 181226 August in the Julian calendar then used in Russia. as part of the Napoleonic Wars during the French invasion of Russia. The Borodino Battlefield ({{lang|ru|Бородинское поле}}) is now part of the State Borodino War and History Museum and Reserve. The reserved area is {{convert|109.7|km2|sp=us}}; the area of the protected zone is {{convert|645|km2|sp=us}}.
History
Archaeological evidence suggests that the area around Borodino was settled around 500 BC by the Finnish, and then Slavic tribes. The well-preserved earthworks of a fort dating from about 200 BC, located near the village of {{ill|Gorki, Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast|lt=Gorki|ru|Горки (деревня, Можайский городской округ)|vertical-align=sup}}, represent the earliest known military-historical construction in the Borodino area. However, the earliest written mention of the village of Borodino that has been found was in the 17th century.
Borodino's lands were attached to the Moscow principality at the beginning of the 14th century and were at the boundary with Lithuanian territory along the Old Smolensk Road. The peasants farming the land cultivated winter rye, spring barley, oats, summer wheat, flax, hemp, and buckwheat. The farms were assessed as "fair" to "average". Women, except for fieldwork, were engaged in spinning flax and wool, weaving and knitting, for home use. During the Time of Troubles the area suffered from bandits and raiders, and even until the end of the 18th century much of the area was still abandoned.{{Cite web |last=Gorbunov |first=Alexander V. [Горбунов, Александр В.] |script-title=ru:Здесь, на полях Бородина… |language=ru |publisher=The State Borodino Military History Museum-Reserve |url=http://www.borodino.ru/download.php?file_id=843 |access-date=3 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404045452/http://www.borodino.ru/download.php?file_id=843 |archive-date=4 April 2017 |url-status=dead }}
According to some reports the hamlet of Borodino was first mentioned in the Mozhayskie scribe books in 1601. During the Time of Troubles the village was described as having a "churchyard on the Tsar's sovereign land on the Voinka River (река Воинка) with the Church of the Exaltation of the Cross of the Lord and the chapel of St. Nicholas",{{Cite web |script-title=ru:сельского поселения Бородинское |trans-title=Rural settlement of Borodino |language=ru |publisher=Administration of Borodino Official Website |url=http://www.spborodinskoe.ru/index.php?area=1&p=static&page=istorspr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315015616/http://www.spborodinskoe.ru/index.php?area=1&p=static&page=istorspr |archive-date=15 March 2017 |url-status=dead |access-date=3 April 2017 }}{{Cite web|script-title=ru:Смоленский храм |publisher=Moscow Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church |language=ru |url=http://www.mepar.ru/eparhy/temples/?temple=401 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331111204/http://www.mepar.ru/eparhy/temples?temple=401 |archive-date=31 March 2017 |url-status=live}} and further "in the church, images and candles and books and every church structure had secular parishioners".{{Cite web |last=Gorbunov |first=Alexander V. [Горбунов, Александр В.] |script-title=ru:Село Бородино как объект культурного наследия |language=ru |publisher=The State Borodino Military History Museum-Reserve |url=http://www.borodino.ru/download.php?file_id=158 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033916/http://www.borodino.ru/download.php?file_id=158 |archivedate=5 March 2016 }}
Prior to the construction of its own church at Borodino, people from the area were parishioners of the church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, which was on the other side of the Kolocha River at the confluence of the Stonets and Prudki creeks.{{Cite web|script-title=ru:История деревни Бородино |trans-title=History of the village of Borodino |language=ru |publisher=BankGorodov |url=http://www.bankgorodov.ru/place/derevnya_borodino_mojaiskii-raion_ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812223046/http://www.bankgorodov.ru/place/derevnya_borodino_mojaiskii-raion_ |archive-date=12 August 2016 |url-status=live}} This church with a chapel (the lower church) in honour of St. Nicholas, Archbishop of Myra was destroyed in the Time of Troubles, probably in 1609. After that, the locals were parishioners in the church of the Assumption in the village Semenov also having a lower chapel of St. Nicholas. There is no further history of this church following the middle of the 17th century.
During the 1941 Battle of Moscow, the field was the place of a severe clash between the Soviet and German forces.
Notes and references
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Sources
- [http://www.borodino.ru/ Official website of the State Borodino War and History Museum and Reserve] {{in lang|en|ru}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20170406022904/http://diaryrh.ru/historical-photos/borodino/ The celebration of the centennial anniversary of Victory in the Patriotic war of 1812. Emperor Nicholas II on Borodinsky celebrations 1912.]
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