Boschniakia rossica
{{short description|Species of plant}}
{{Cleanup|date=August 2020|reason=Extract useful content to add to monotypic genus article, then redirect this page there}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=August 2015}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Boschniakia rossica.jpg
|genus = Boschniakia
|species = rossica
|authority = (Cham. & Schltdl.) B.Fedtsch.
|synonyms =
{{Species list
|Boschniakia rossica var. flavida|Yue Zhang & J.Y.Ma
|Lathraea amentacea|Schltdl. ex Ledeb.
|Lathraea strobilacea|Schltdl. ex Ledeb.
|Orobanche rossica|Cham. & Schltdl.
|Stellara lathraeoides|Fisch. ex Reut.
}}
}}
Boschniakia rossica, commonly known as the northern groundcone, is a holoparasitic plant that lives in the northern latitudes of the northern hemisphere. In the Pacific Northwest Temperate Rainforest, it does not grow south of Prince of Wales Island, beyond that boundary is the Vancouver groundcone habitat. It does not contain chlorophyll, so it must be parasitic to obtain nutrients. It specializes on Alnus species, but can parasitize off of other trees and shrubs such as on Betula (birch), Salix (willow), Vaccinium (blueberry), Picea (spruce), and Chamaedaphne (leatherleaf shrub). This organism is likely to be found at mid elevations alongside rivers and streams, where moisture is abundant. This species propagates itself through water flow. In some places bears are known to have eaten the starchy roots, or tubers, of this plant.
Morphology
Boschniakia rossica grows between six and twelve inches tall, with two or three stems per individual. It has tall slender stalks. The roots grow horizontally from a main bulbous mass. It can vary from very dark maroon to reddish brown in color. This is a perennial plant, and flowers every summer. It can produce up to 300,000 seeds. B. rossica very much looks like a pine cone growing up out of the ground.
Common names
- Poque
- Cao-cong-rong (China)
- Oniku (Japan)
- Orinamudeobusari (Korea)
- Du’iinahshèe (Gwichya Gwich'in)
- Doo’iinahshìh/Tsʼeedichi (Teetå'it Gwich'in)
- Dotsonʼ ggooneeggeʼ (Koyukon, Lower & Central dialects)
- Dotsonʼ chʼecheneʼ (Koyukon, Upper dialect)
- Tulukkam nauligaafa (Inuit)
- Uktschutsch (Kamtschadalis)
Taxonomy
Genetic analyses have been conducted on B. rossica to determine its phylogeny. There are many ways to phylogenetically classify B. rossica, but scientists from Ohio State University have determined that the family Orobanchaceae is estimated to have originated about 52.2 million years ago.{{sfn|Wolfe|Randle|Liu|Steiner|2005}} The strongest bootstrap support is for terminal clades. The most parsimonious tree of Boschniakia forms a grade with Conopholis and Epifagus as well as other species of Orobanche. In this tree, Lindenbergia and Schwalbea are sister taxa. These are still hypotheses, and further research is being conducted.
There are two GenBank numbers referring to Boschniakia rossica: AY911214, and rps2;ITS : DQ403779; AY911214.
=Synonyms=
References
{{Reflist}}
- {{Cite book |editor1-last=Guo |editor1-first=Ji-Xian |editor2-first=Takeatsu |editor2-last=Kimura |editor3-first=Paul P. H. |editor3-last=But |editor4-first=Chung Ki |editor4-last=Sung |title=International Collation of Traditional and Folk Medicine |volume=v.4 |location=River Edge, NJ |publisher=World Scientific |year=2001 |display-editors=1}}
- {{Cite journal |last=Kruckeberg |first=A R |title=Temperate Floras: The North Pacific Connection |journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |year=1983 |pages=591–596 |doi = 10.2307/2398978 |volume=70|issue=4 |jstor=2398978 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/31101 }}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Jeong-Mi |first2=Jean-François |last2=Manen |first3=Alison E. |last3=Colwell |first4=Gerald M. |last4=Schneeweiss |title=A plastid gene phylogeny of the non-photosynthetic parasitic Orobranche (Orobanchaceae) and related genera |journal=Journal of Plant Research |year=2008 |pages=365–376 |doi=10.1007/s10265-008-0169-5 |pmid=18483784 |volume=121|issue=4 |bibcode=2008JPlR..121..365P |s2cid=21356370 }}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Qu |first1=Baihong |last2=Li |first2=Wei |last3=Chen |first3=Yanqiu |last4=Liu |first4=Jisheng |title=Protection versus culture-driven exploitation of wild plant resources: the case on Changbai Mountain |journal=International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology |date=15 July 2011 |volume=18 |issue=5 |pages=404–411 |doi=10.1080/13504509.2011.577196 |bibcode=2011IJSDW..18..404Q |s2cid=86248057 }}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Quan |first1=Jishy |first2=Long |last2=Piao |first3=Huixian |last3=Xu |first4=Tian |last4=Li |first5=Xuezhe |last5=Yin |title=Protective effect of iridoid glucosides from Boschniakia rossica on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats |journal=Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. |volume=73 |issue=4 |year=2009 |pages=849–854 |doi=10.1271/bbb.80757 |pmid=19352025 |doi-access=free }}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Zhenghui |first2=Baojun |last2=Wu |first3=Xianghong |last3=Zhang |first4=Min |last4=Xu |first5=Huimin |last5=Chang |first6=Xiaoyun |last6=Lu |first7=Xiaoyong |last7=Ren |title=Purification of a polysaccharide from Boschniakia rossica and its synergistic antitumor effect combined with 5-Fluorouracil |journal=Carbohydrate Polymers |volume=212 |pages=31–35}}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Wolfe |first1=Andrea D |first2=Christopher P |last2=Randle |first3=Liang |last3=Liu |first4=Kim E |last4=Steiner |title=Phylogeny and Biogeography of Orobanchaceae |journal=Folia Geobotanica |volume=40 |issue=2–3 |year=2005 |pages=115–134 |doi=10.1007/bf02803229|bibcode=2005FolGe..40..115W |s2cid=10759421 }}
- {{Cite journal |last1=Yin |first1=Zong Zhu |first2=Hai Ling |last2=Jin |first3=Xue Zhe |last3=Yin |first4=Tian Zhu |last4=Li |first5=Ji Shu |last5=Quan |first6=Zeng Nan |last6=Jin |title=Effect of Boschniakia rossica on expression of GST_P, p52 and p21ras proteins in early stage of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis and its anti-inflammatory activities in rats |journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology |year=2000 |pages=812–818 |volume = 6 |issue = 6 |doi=10.3748/wjg.v6.i6.812 |pmid = 11819701 |pmc=4728267 |doi-access=free }}
- {{Cite book |last1=Zhang |first1=Zhi-Yun |first2=Nikolai N. |last2=Tzvelev |title=Flora of China |volume=v.18 |chapter=Orobanchaceae |year=1998 |page=239 |chapter-url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200021452 |access-date=December 8, 2013}}
External links
{{Commons}}
- [http://orowiki.org/wiki/Boschniakia_rossica Boschniakia rossica on Orobanchaceae Wiki]
- [http://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/35890023 Boschniakia rossica on Project Noah]
- [http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Boschniakia%20rossica Boschniakia rossica from the Flora of British Columbia]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q6048518}}
Category:Flora of Northeast Asia
Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status
Category:Medicinal plants of Asia
Category:Medicinal plants of North America