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Botlikh language

{{Short description|Northeast Caucasian language}}

{{use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Botlikh

| nativename = {{lang|bph|буйхалъи мицIцIи}}/{{tlit|bph|bujxałi mic’c’i}}

| states = North Caucasus

| region = Southwestern Dagestan[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=RUE&seq=10 Ethnologue language map of European Russia, with Botlikh shown in the inset with reference number 9]

| ethnicity = 3,788 Botlikh people (2020)

| speakers = 5,073

| date = 2020 census

| ref = [https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab7_VPN-2020.xlsx 7. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НАИБОЛЕЕ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПО РОДНОМУ ЯЗЫКУ]

| familycolor = Caucasian

| fam1 = Northeast Caucasian

| fam2 = Avar–Andic

| fam3 = Andic

| fam4 = Akhvakh–Tindi

| fam5 = Karata–Tindi

| fam6 = Botlikh–Tindi

| iso3 = bph

| glotto = botl1242

| glottorefname = Botlikh

| map = File:Northeast Caucasus languages map en.svg

| mapcaption = {{legend|#E681FF|Botlikh}}

| map2 = Lang Status 60-DE.svg

| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Botlikh is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)}}}}

| altname = Botlix

| script = unwritten
(transcribed using Cyrillic script)

| dia1 = Botlikh proper

| dia2 = Miarso

| pronunciation = {{IPA|cau|bujχaɬi mits’ːi|}}

| speakers2 = {{circa|8,000}} (2012){{Cite web |date=2022-05-21 |title=Ботлихский язык |url=https://bigenc.ru/c/botlikhskii-iazyk-d00034 |access-date=2024-10-03 |website=Большая российская энциклопедия |language=ru}}

}}

Botlikh (also spelled Botlix) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken by the Botlikhs in the villages of Botlikh (Buikhe), Miarso and Ashino, as well as in Chontaul, Ankho and in {{Ill|Batlakhatli|ru|Батлахатли}},{{Cite web |title=Ботлихский язык {{!}} Малые языки России |url=https://minlang.iling-ran.ru/lang/botlikhskiy-yazyk |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=minlang.iling-ran.ru}} in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,000 people, according to the 2020 census.

Dialects

Botlikh has two dialects, being Botlikh proper and Miarso. Differences in phonology and morphology are small, and the two are mutually intelligible.

Phonology

= Vowels =

Botlikh has five basic vowels. Vowels can also be long or nasalized.{{Cite web |title=Грамматика ботлихского языка {{!}} Малые языки России |url=https://minlang.iling-ran.ru/grammar/grammatika-botlikhskogo-yazyka |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=minlang.iling-ran.ru}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Botlikh vowels

!

!Front

!Back

Close

|{{IPAlink|i}}

|{{IPAlink|u}}

Mid

|{{IPAlink|e}}

|{{IPAlink|o}}

Open

|

|{{IPAlink|a}}

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+Botlikh consonants

! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |

! rowspan="3" |Labial

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Dental

! colspan="4" |Alveolar

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Palatal

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Velar

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Uvular

! rowspan="3" |Pharyngeal

! rowspan="3" |Glottal

class="small"

! colspan="2" |central

! colspan="2" |lateral

class="small"

!lenis

!fortis

!lenis

!fortis

!lenis

!fortis

!lenis

!fortis

!lenis

!fortis

!lenis

!fortis

rowspan="3" |Plosive

!voiced

|{{IPAlink|b}} {{angle bracket|б}}

|{{IPAlink|d}} {{angle bracket|д}}

|

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|{{IPAlink|ɡ}} {{angle bracket|г}}

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voiceless

|{{IPAlink|p}} {{angle bracket|п}}

|{{IPAlink|t}} {{angle bracket|т}}

|

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|{{IPAlink|k}} {{angle bracket|к}}

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ejective

|

|{{IPAlink|tʼ}} {{angle bracket|тӀ}}

|

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|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|kʼ}} {{angle bracket|кӀ}}}}

|

|

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|q͡χʼː}} {{angle bracket|къ}}}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ʔ}} {{angle bracket|ъ}}

rowspan="3" |Affricate

!voiceless

|

|{{IPAlink|t͡s}} {{angle bracket|ц}}

|{{IPAlink|t͡sː}} {{angle bracket|цц}}

|{{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}} {{angle bracket|ч}}

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|t͡ʃː}} {{angle bracket|чч}}}}

|

|{{IPAlink|t͡ɬː}} {{angle bracket|лӀ}}

|

|

|

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|k͡xː}} {{angle bracket|кк}}}}

|

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|q͡χː}} {{angle bracket|хъ}}}}

|

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ejective

|

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|t͡sʼ}} {{angle bracket|цӀ}}}}

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|t͡sʼː}} {{angle bracket|цӀцӀ}}}}

|{{IPAlink|t͡ʃʼ}} {{angle bracket|чӀ}}

|{{IPAlink|t͡ʃʼː}} {{angle bracket|чӀчӀ}}

|

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|t͡ɬʼː}} {{angle bracket|кь}}}}

|

|

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|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|k͡xʼː}} {{angle bracket|кӀкӀ}}}}

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voiced

|

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|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|d͜ʒ}} {{angle bracket|дж}}}}

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rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|{{IPAlink|v}} {{angle bracket|в}}

|{{IPAlink|s}} {{angle bracket|с}}

|{{IPAlink|sː}} {{angle bracket|сс}}

|{{IPAlink|ʃ}} {{angle bracket|ш}}

|{{IPAlink|ʃː}} {{angle bracket|щ}}

|{{IPAlink|ɬ}} {{angle bracket|лъ}}

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|ɬː}} {{angle bracket|лълъ}}}}

|

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|çː}} {{angle bracket|хь}}}}

|{{IPAlink|ɣ}} {{angle bracket|гь}}

|{{IPAlink|xː}} {{angle bracket|хх}}

|{{IPAlink|χ}} {{angle bracket|х}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ʜ}} {{angle bracket|хӀ}}

|{{IPAlink|h}} {{angle bracket|гь}}

voiced

|

|{{IPAlink|z}} {{angle bracket|з}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ʒ}} {{angle bracket|ж}}

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|{{IPAlink|j}} {{angle bracket|й}}

|

|{{IPAlink|x}} {{angle bracket|х}}

|

|{{nowrap|{{IPAlink|ʁ}} {{angle bracket|гъ}}}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ʕ}} {{angle bracket|гӀ}}

|

colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPAlink|m}} {{angle bracket|м}}

|{{IPAlink|n}} {{angle bracket|н}}

|

|{{IPAlink|r}} {{angle bracket|р}}

|

|{{IPAlink|l}} {{angle bracket|л}}

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Orthography

Botlikh is unwritten, and Botlikhs have mostly used Avar as their medium of written communication. When Botlikhs need to write their language, they use the Avar alphabet. The following orthography is used in a Botlikh-Russian dictionary.{{Cite book |last=Alekseev |first=Michail Egorovič |url=https://www.rfbr.ru/rffi/ru/books/o_2121002 |title=Botlichsko-russkij slovarʹ: = Botlikh-Russian dictionary |last2=Azaev |first2=Chalil Gadžimagomedovič |date=2019 |publisher=Academia |isbn=978-5-87444-416-7 |series=Issledovanija i materialy po jazykam Kavkaza |location=Moskva |script-title=ru:Ботлихско-русский словарь}}

class="notatypo" style="font-size:1.4em; border-width:1px; border-style: solid;"

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |А а

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Аᴴ аᴴ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Б б

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |В в

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Г г

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Гъ гъ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Гь гь

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ГӀ гӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Д д

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Дж дж

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |(Е е)

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ж ж

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |З з

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |И и

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Иᴴ иᴴ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Й й

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |К к

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Кк кк

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Къ къ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Кь кь

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |КӀ кӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |КӀкӀ кӀкӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Л л

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Лъ лъ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Лълъ лълъ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ЛӀ лӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |М м

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Н н

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |О о

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |П п

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ПӀ пӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Р р

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |С с

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Сс сс

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Т т

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ТӀ тӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |У у

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Уᴴ уᴴ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Х х

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Хх хх

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Хъ хъ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Хь хь

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ХӀ хӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ц ц

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Цц цц

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ЦӀ цӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ЦӀцӀ цӀцӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ч ч

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Чч чч

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ЧӀ чӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |ЧӀчӀ чӀчӀ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ш ш

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Щ щ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ъ ъ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Э э

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Эᴴ эᴴ

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book |last1=Alekseev |first1=M. |last2=Azaev |first2=X. |year=2019 |title=Botlixsko-russkij slovar' |location=Moscow |publisher=Academia |lang=ru}}
  • {{cite book |first=Adolf |last=Dirr |year=1928 |title=Einführung in das Studium der Kaukasischen Sprachen mit einer sprachenkarte |location=Leipzig |publisher=Verlag der Asia Major |lang=de |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WiE5YAAACAAJ}}
  • {{cite book |last=Gamzatova |first=G. G. |year=2000 |title=Jazyki Dagestana |series=Jazyki Narodov Rossii |location=Machackala |publisher=Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk |lang=ru}}
  • {{cite book |first=Togo E. |last=Gudava |year=1962 |title=ბოთლიხური ენა: გრამატიკული ანალიზი, ტექსტები, ლექსიკონი |trans-title=The Botlikh language: Grammatical analysis, texts, lexicon |location=Tbilisi |publisher=Sak'art'velos SSR mec'nierebat'a akademiis gamomc'emloba |lang=ka}}
  • {{cite book |first=Togo E. |last=Gudava |year=1976 |chapter=Iberijsko-kavkazskie jazyki |title=Jazyki narodov SSSR |volume=IV |location=Moskva |publisher=Nauka |pages=293–306 |lang=ru}}
  • {{cite conference |first1=George |last1=Moroz |first2=Chiara |last2=Naccarato |first3=Samira |last3=Verhees |title=Variation in two dictionaries of Botlikh |conference=Документирование языков и диалектов коренных малочисленных народов России |location=St. Petersburg |date=October 14-16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116013624/https://iling.spb.ru/events/language_documentation2019/moroz_etal.pdf |archive-date=2022-11-16 |url=https://iling.spb.ru/events/language_documentation2019/moroz_etal.pdf |lang=en}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Saidova |first1=P. A. |last2=Abusov |first2=M. G. |year=2012 |title=Botlixsko-russkij slovar' |location=Makhachkala |publisher=IJaLI |lang=ru}}

External links

{{Incubator|bph}}

  • [http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/botlikhs.shtml The peoples of the Red Book: Botlikhs]

{{Northeast Caucasian languages}}

{{Languages of the Caucasus}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Botlikh Language}}

Category:Northeast Caucasian languages

Category:Andic languages

Category:Languages of Russia

Category:Endangered Caucasian languages

Category:Long stubs with short prose

{{NEC-lang-stub}}