Bounoura
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Bounoura
|other_name =
|native_name = بونورة
|native_name_lang = ar
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Commune and town
|motto =
|image_skyline = Ksar de Bounoura.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Bounoura ksar.
|image_flag =
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|image_seal =
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|image_map = DZ-47 Bounoura.svg
|mapsize = 200px
|map_caption = Location of Bounoura commune within Ghardaïa Province
|pushpin_map = Algeria
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_mapsize = 300
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Bounoura within Algeria
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Algeria}}
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Ghardaïa Province
|subdivision_type2 = District
|subdivision_name2 = Bounoura District
|subdivision_type3 =
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|unit_pref = Metric
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|population_as_of = 2008
|population_note =
|population_total = 35405
|population_density_km2 =
|timezone = CET
|utc_offset = +1
|coordinates = {{coord|32|28|57|N|3|42|13|E|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 493
|elevation_ft =
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Bounoura ({{langx|ar|{{large|بونورة}}}}, Berber: ⴰⵜ ⴱⵓⵏⵓⵔ, At-Bounour, البونور) is a town and commune in Ghardaïa Province, Algeria. According to the 2008 census it has a population of 35,405,{{cite web|title=Population: Ghardaïa Wilaya|url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w47_p1.pdf|publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie|accessdate=13 February 2013|language=French|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516131832/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w47_p1.pdf|archivedate=16 May 2013}} up from 27,775 in 1998,{{cite web|title=Algeria Communes|url=http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=9 March 2013}} with an annual growth rate of 2.5%. It is effectively a suburb of the provincial capital Ghardaïa.
Bounoura is also the name of one of the ksars of the pentapolis of the M'zab valley, constituting the commune of Bounoura.{{Cite book |last=Côte |first=Marc |title=Guide d'Algérie : paysages et patrimoine |publisher=Média-Plus |year=1996 |isbn=9961-922-00-X |pages=242 |language=French}}
Geography
Bounoura lies on the banks of the Wadi Mzab, an intermittent river in the M'zab valley, just downstream upstream of Ghardaïa. The area has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.{{cite web|title=M'Zab Valley|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/188/|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|accessdate=13 February 2013}}
Transportation
Bounoura is located on the N1 highway, part of the Trans-Sahara Highway, which leads north to Laghouat and south to El Goléa, In Salah and Tamanrasset.
Education
7.0% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 16.0% has completed secondary education.{{cite web|title=Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence.|url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w47_p6.pdf|publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie|accessdate=13 February 2013|language=French|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516131702/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w47_p6.pdf|archivedate=16 May 2013}} The overall literacy rate is 86.3%, and is 95.3% among males (joint highest in the province) and 77.2% among females.{{cite web|title=Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence .|url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w47_p10.pdf|publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie|accessdate=13 February 2013|language=French|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516131804/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w47_p10.pdf|archivedate=16 May 2013}}
Localities
In 1984, the commune of Bounoura is composed of five localities, including Beni Isguen ksar. {{cite web|title=Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'El Oued|url=http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1578.pdf|publisher=Journal officiel de la République Algérienne|accessdate=2 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605183219/http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1578.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-05 |page=1578 |language=French |date=19 December 1984}} From the 1990s, new localities emerged to respond to the housing crisis. This is particularly the case of Tafilelt, Tinemmirine, Tawenza and Tinaâm attached to Bounoura, which were built according to the principles of ksourian architecture, and adapted to the proximity of the desert.{{cite web|title= KSAR TAFILELT, UTOPIE ÉCO-CITOYENNE DEVENUE RÉALITÉ AUX PORTES DU SAHARA ALGÉRIEN|url=https://www.capital.fr/conso/ksar-tafilelt-utopie-eco-citoyenne-devenue-realite-aux-portes-du-sahara-algerien-1280833|publisher=Capital|accessdate=3 April 2018}}{{Cite book |last=Gueliane |first=Nora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rXPnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT178 |title=Les nouveaux ksours de la vallée du M’Zab (1995-2016). De la permanence et des mutations de la solidarité sociale dans leurs réussites et leurs échecs|date=2019|publisher=École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris, France |type=PhD thesis|language=fr}}
{{div col}}
- Bounoura historic ksar
- Beni Izguen from the new highschool and new C.E.M.
- Sidi Abbaz neighbourhood
- Bounoura palm grove
- Beni Isguen historic ksar
{{div col end}}
File:Bounoura 2.jpg|Bounoura ksar.
File:20200201 113052Bounoura.jpg|Great mosque of Bounoura.
File:Rond point Bounoura.jpg|Bounoura roundabout, monument for Moufdi Zakaria.
File:Ksar Beni Isguen 1.jpg|Beni Isguen ksar.
File:Ksar Beni Isguen ciel.png|Beni Isguen ksar from the sky.
File:Tafilelt vue.jpg|View of the new town Tafilelt.
File:Vue Tinemmirine.jpg|View of the new town of Tinemmirine, from the new town of Tafilelt.
File:Tafilelt rue.jpg|Tafilelt street.
File:Tour de Boulila Beni Isguen.jpg|Boulila tower, mosque and 4-fingered iduden, Beni Isguen ksar.
File:Beni Isguen rue.jpg|Beni Isguen ksar street.
File:Place Lala Achou. Marché de Beni Isguen - Ghardaia - Algérie.JPG|Market place, Beni Isguen ksar.
References
{{Portal|Algeria}}
{{Reflist}}
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{{Geographic location
|Centre = Bounoura
|Northeast = El Guerrara
|Southeast =
|South = Mansoura
El Goléa
Tamanrasset
|Southwest = Metlili
|West = Ghardaïa
|Northwest = El Bayadh
}}
{{Ghardaïa Province}}