Box and Block Test
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| name = Box and Block Test
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| purpose =manual dexterity measure
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| synonyms = BBT
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In rehabilitation medicine, the Box and Block Test is a functional test used in upper limb rehabilitation.{{Cite journal|last1=Marcus|first1=Shelley|last2=מרכוס|first2=שלי|date=1992-01-01|title=הערכות לתפקוד היד: סקירה ספרותית / Functional Evaluation of The Hand: a Critical Review|jstor=23460030|journal=IJOT: The Israeli Journal of Occupational Therapy / כתב עת ישראלי לריפוי בעיסוק|volume=1|issue=4|pages=E104–E112}} While often referred to as the Box and Blocks test, the original article refers to the test as the Box and Block Test. The test is used to measure the gross manual dexterity of a patient or a person using an upper limb prosthetic device.{{Cite journal|last1=Hebert|first1=Jacqueline S.|last2=Lewicke|first2=Justin|last3=Williams|first3=Thomas R.|last4=Vette|first4=Albert H.|date=2014-01-01|title=Normative data for modified Box and Blocks test measuring upper-limb function via motion capture|journal=Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development|volume=51|issue=6|pages=918–932|doi=10.1682/JRRD.2013.10.0228|issn=1938-1352|pmid=25356979|doi-access=free}}{{Cite journal|last1=Haverkate|first1=Liz|last2=Smit|first2=Gerwin|last3=Plettenburg|first3=Dick H.|date=2016-02-01|title=Assessment of body-powered upper limb prostheses by able-bodied subjects, using the Box and Blocks Test and the Nine-Hole Peg Test|journal=Prosthetics and Orthotics International|volume=40|issue=1|pages=109–116|doi=10.1177/0309364614554030|issn=1746-1553|pmid=25336050|url=http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6cb734fc-5d5e-45f0-b4b7-42bdde07eaae}}
The test consists of a box with a partition in the middle. The box is placed on the table with blocks placed on one side of the partition. The test subject is given 60 seconds to move as many blocks as possible from one side of the partition to the other, using only the tested hand (the subject's own hand or a prosthetic device operated by the subject).{{cite web|url=http://www.rehabmeasures.org/PDF%20Library/Box%20and%20Blocks%20Test%20Instructions.pdf|title=Box and Block Test Instructions|website=www.rehabmeasures.org|publisher=Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago|access-date=16 June 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221123223/http://www.rehabmeasures.org/PDF%20Library/Box%20and%20Blocks%20Test%20Instructions.pdf|archivedate=21 December 2016}} The number of displaced blocks is a measure of the gross manual dexterity, where a higher number of displaced blocks indicates better fine motor skill. The outcome can be compared to reference values from healthy test subjects{{cite journal|last1=Mathiowetz|first1=Virgil|last2=Volland|first2=Gloria|last3=Kashman|first3=Nancy|last4=Weber|first4=Karen|title=Adult norms for the Box and Block Test of manual dexterity|journal=Am J Occup Ther|date=1985|volume=39|issue=6|pages=386–391|pmid=3160243|doi=10.5014/ajot.39.6.386|doi-access=free}} or from tests performed with a prosthesis,{{cite journal|last1=Haverkate|first1=Liz|last2=Smit|first2=Gerwin|last3=Plettenburg|first3=Dick H|title=Assessment of body-powered upper limb prostheses by able-bodied subjects, using the Box and Blocks Test and the Nine-Hole Peg Test|journal=Prosthetics and Orthotics International|doi=10.1177/0309364614554030|pmid=25336050|url=http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid%3A6cb734fc-5d5e-45f0-b4b7-42bdde07eaae/|volume=40|year=2016|issue=1 |pages=109–16}} enabling the measurement of progression of gross hand dexterity during rehabilitation.{{cite web|title=Rehab Measures: Box and Block Test|url=http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=917|website=www.rehabmeasures.org|publisher=Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago|accessdate=16 June 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502084438/http://www.rehabmeasures.org/Lists/RehabMeasures/DispForm.aspx?ID=917|archivedate=2 May 2016}}