Brachyhypopomus

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image =Brachyhypopomus_janeiroensis_(Rio_Parahiba,_Brazil,_1866).jpg

| image_caption =Brachyhypopomus

| taxon = Brachyhypopomus

| authority = Mago-Leccia, 1994

| type_species = Rhamphichthys brevirostris

| type_species_authority = Steindachner, 1868

}}

Brachyhypopomus is a genus of fish in the family Hypopomidae (bluntnose knifefish) native primarily to tropical and subtropical South America (south to the Río de la Plata Basin), although a single species, B. occidentalis, also occurs in Panama and Costa Rica.{{FishBase genus | genus = Brachyhypopomus | month = June| year = 2017}}Crampton, W.G.R., de Santana, C.D., Waddell, J.C. & Lovejoy, N.R. (2016): Clifford,W,J [http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ni/v14n4/1982-0224-ni-14-04-e150146.pdf A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical electric fish genus Brachyhypopomus (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes: Hypopomidae), with descriptions of 15 new species.] Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (4): e150146. They are found in a wide range of static or slow-flowing freshwater habitats such as edges of rivers, streams, floodplains and swamps, but they are absent from deep river channels (a habitat of many other knifefish). There are both species in well-oxygenated waters and poorly oxygenated waters; those in the latter have adaptions that allow them to survive this like larger gills or the capability of gulping up mouthfuls of air from the water surface.{{cite journal| author1=Carvalho, L.N. | author2=L. Fidelis | author3=R. Arruda | author4=A. Galuch | author5=K. Zuanon | year=2013 | title=Second floor, please: the fish fauna of floating litter banks in Amazonian streams and rivers | journal=Neotrop. Ichthyol. | volume=11 | issue=1 | pages=78–91 | doi=10.1590/S1679-62252013000100010 | doi-access=free }} Brachyhypopomus feed during the night on small invertebrates.

They are small to medium sized knifefish, reaching up to {{convert|12|-|46|cm|in|abbr=on}} in total length depending on the species involved. Overall the various species are similar in general shape, but they do differ in morphometrics and meristics. They vary in general color and pattern, but are well-camouflaged and typically brownish. During the night they change color and become very pale, even species that are dark-colored during the day. Brachyhypopomus are very similar to Microsternarchus and Procerusternarchus.