Bramley Fall stone
{{Short description|Type of stone}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox mine
| name = Bramley Fall Quarry
| image = Old quarry, Bramley Fall Park - geograph.org.uk - 842184.jpg
| width = 250px
| caption = Old quarry, Bramley Fall Park
| pushpin_map = United Kingdom Leeds
| pushpin_mapsize = 250px
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = The quarry's position in Leeds
| pushpin_image =
| pushpin_label = Bramley Fall quarry
| pushpin_label_position =
| coordinates = {{coord|53|49|22|N|1|37|26|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| place = Near Horsforth Leeds
| subdivision_type = County
| state/province = West Yorkshire
| country = England
| products = Millstone Grit
| discovery year = 13th century
| closing year = {{circa|1930}}
| owner = B. Whitaker and sons, 4 Albion Street, Leeds in 1927
}}
Bramley Fall Stone belongs to the Millstone Grit series, of the Namurian stage of the Carboniferous Period. It is one of the cheapest and best-adapted English stones for extensive engineering works, docks, locks and railways, and for large millstones, grindstones, engine-beds and foundations. The stone was formerly quarried at or near the village of Bramley, Leeds. Evidence of the quarries, which were discontinued around 1930, remain in Bramley Fall Park. A similar Millstone Grit stone also occurs over an extensive area at Calverley where Ann Husler ran a quarrying business in the 19th century, and at Ilkley and Pateley in Yorkshire. A somewhat similar stone, which can be very coarse, approaching a conglomerate is found at Weetwood, Meanwood and Horsforth. Similar Millstone Grits have also been quarried in Derbyshire.{{cite web|url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/82|title=Building stone quarried at Bramley, England|publisher=Powerhouse Museum|accessdate=7 December 2020}}
Properties
File:Old Gate - HM Prison Leeds.jpg
The attraction of Bramley Fall stone that it is comparatively easy to quarry in large blocks. It has considerable strength and weathers well. The stone can withstand shock, making it ideal for engine beds and defensive works, such as the Napoleonic Martello Towers around the south-eastern coast of England. The mean crushing strain of this stone is (upon a 6-inch cube) 265.7 tons per foot super. It is resistant to water and tends to strengthen on exposure, making it particularly suitable for canal and harbour engineering work.
Quarrying today
File:Black Hill Quarry (geograph 2768229).jpg
The modern main source of Bramley Fall stone is the Blackhill Quarry operated by Mone Bros Ltd at Kings Road, Eccup, Bramhope, Leeds. The quarry is next to Golden Acre Park. In 2011, four thousand tonnes of Bramley Fall sandstone, sourced at Blackhill, was used to widen Blackfriars Bridge when the new railway station was being constructed.{{cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/bramley-falls-place-philip-mone|title=Bramley Fall's into place|author=Philip Mone|accessdate=7 December 2020}}
Architectural use of Bramley Fall stone
Bramley Fall stone is a generic term and unless its source can be shown to come from the Bramley quarries, it can refer to stone sourced over a wider area around Leeds and as far as Knaresborough in North Yorkshire.
Examples of the use of Bramley:
- Kirkstall Abbey
- Euston Arch
- Leeds Town Hall
- Leeds Corn Exchange
- Armley Gaol. Constructed in 1847 in a turreted Gothic Style to designs of the architects William Belton Perkin and Elisha Backhouse.{{Historic England|num=1256248|desc=Armley Prison: Entrance Rand And Flanking Walls|accessdate=7 December 2020}} The stone was supplied by John Husler from the Weetwood Quarry.{{cite news|title=Local quarry contract for Armley Gaol|work=Leeds Intelligencer|date=30 March 1844}}
- Westminster Bridge, London (1854–1862). Stone supplied by Ann Husler from the Weetwood Quarry.{{cite book|title=Survey of London|chapter=Westminster Bridge|volume=23 Lambeth: South Bank and Vauxhall|publisher=London County Council|pages=66–68|year=1951|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol23/pp66-68}}
- Port of Dover Seaward facing exterior
- Valley Bridge, Scarborough
Further reading
- {{cite book |last1=Dimes |first1=Francis G. |last2=Mitchell |first2= Murray |title=The Building Stone Heritage of Leeds |year=2006 |publisher=Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society}}