Bridge chord
{{For|transitional harmony|Modulation (music)}}
{{Infobox chord|
chord_name=Bridge chord|
first_interval=root|
second_interval=major second|
third_interval=minor third|
fourth_interval=tritone|
fifth_interval=fifth|
sixth_interval=major sixth|
tuning=32:36:38:45:48:54|
forte_number=6-z29|
complement=6-z50
}}
The Bridge chord is a bitonal chord named after its use in the music of composer Frank Bridge (1879–1941). It consists of a minor chord with the major chord a whole tone above (CE{{music|b}}G & DF{{music|#}}A),Payne, Anthony; Foreman, Lewis; and Bishop, John (1976). The Music of Frank Bridge, p. 42. Thames Publishing. {{ISBN|9780905210025}}.Mark Thornton Burnett, Adrian Streete, and Ramona Wray, eds. (2011). The Edinburgh Companion to Shakespeare and the Arts, p. 174. Edinburgh University Press. {{ISBN|9780748635238}}. as well as a major chord with the minor chord a semitone above (CEG & D{{music|b}}F{{music|b}}A{{music|b}}), which share the same mediant (E/F{{music|b}}).{{Failed verification|date=September 2019|reason=Source names the first as the Bridge chord, but not the second.}}Hold, Trevor (2005). Parry to Finzi: Twenty English Song-composers, p.180. Boydell Press. {{ISBN|9781843831747}}.{{Failed verification|date=September 2019|reason=On this page, Hold only says "this section ending in a climax on a bitonal 'Bridge' chord (this time A-flat minor over G major)".}}{{Clarify|reason=Why is this listed as the Bridge chord? Either add cited correlation between the two bichords or omit the second chord. The first is verifiable as a Bridge chord, but I can find no trustworthy sources labeling the second as such.|date=September 2019}} {{audio|Bridge chord mediant on C.mid|Play}}) When inverted, both form eleventh chords (DF{{music|#}}ACE{{music|b}}G = D11{{music|b}}9 and D{{music|b}}F{{music|b}}A{{music|b}}CEG = D{{music|b}}mM7A9A11).
According to Anthony Payne, Paul Hindmarsh and Lewis Foreman, Bridge had strong pacifist convictions, and he was deeply disturbed by the First World War. The Bridge chord appears to have been introduced in the years following the War, as Bridge experimented with more prominent use of dissonance in his musical language and a more structured method of composition. Its first use in his published work is in the Piano Sonata (1921–24).Payne, Anthony, Paul Hindmarsh, and Lewis Foreman. 2001. "Bridge, Frank". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers. The Bridge chord is fairly dissonant, with two minor seconds, two major seconds, one augmented second, and two tritones contained in the chord.