British German Legion

{{distinguish|King's German Legion}}

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The British German Legion (or Anglo-German Legion) was a group of German soldiers recruited to fight for Britain in the Crimean War. It is not to be confused with the King's German Legion, which was active during the Napoleonic Wars. Great Britain raised a British German Legion of two regiments of light dragoons, three Jäger Corps, and six regiments of light infantry; a British Italian Legion of five regiments of infantry, and a British Swiss Legion of three regiments of light infantry. At the end of the war, the soldiers were entitled to return to their country of origin at the public expense, but some, fearing a hostile reception at home, settled in the Cape of Good Hope.

The head of the Legion was Major General Richard von Stutterheim.{{cite journal|date=December 1975|title=Baron Richard von Stutterheim|url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/vol034jf.html|journal=Military History Journal|publisher=The South African Military History Society|volume=3|issue=4|access-date=2011-03-18}}

The British government funded and gave material support to von Stutterheim to recruit soldiers into the Legion. In March 1855, von Stutterheim began raising the Legion by hiring 200 agents in Germany to recruit soldiers, focusing mostly on port cities. The recruiters would go to taverns, buy beer for young men and recruit them once they were inebriated. It is believed that Stutterheim was paid $40 for each recruit, paying $20 to each recruit and pocketing the other $20, thereby earning himself $120,000 in the process.{{Cite book|title = Ten years in South Africa. Only complete and authentic history of the British German legion in South Africa and the East Indies (1892)|last = Westphal|first = William|publisher = B.S. Wasson & co.|year = 1892|location = Chicago, USA|pages = [https://archive.org/details/tenyearsinsouth00westgoog/page/n25 7]-8|url = https://archive.org/details/tenyearsinsouth00westgoog}}

On 16 July 1856 members of the Legion were involved in a fracas with British soldiers in the Camp at Aldershot in Hampshire which quickly developed into a major riot fought with stones, sticks and bayonets and leading to about 50 men receiving hospital treatment. Though both sides were equally to blame, the men of the British German Legion were billeted at Barrack field in Colchester Garrison,Christodoulou, Glenn. Aldershot and the Crimean War, The Crimean War Research Society, (1985), pg 16 where many married local women.[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=21996 Barracks | A History of the County of Essex: Volume 9 (pp. 251-255)]

It was disbanded in November 1856, having seen little or no military action due to the war having ended. Facing difficulties in repatriation by having served a foreign country, most of the members of the Legion were resettled in the Eastern Cape Colony, in South Africa.{{cite web |url=http://www.eastlondon-labyrinth.com/germans/index.jsp |title=The Eastern Cape's German Settlers: Chapter 3: The German Military Settlers |work=The New Labyrinth of East London Lore |author=Keith Tankard |access-date=2011-04-11 |archive-date=2011-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710164419/http://www.eastlondon-labyrinth.com/germans/index.jsp |url-status=dead }} As a result, to this day there are place names of German origin in the area around King William's Town, including the town of Stutterheim.