Broadclough

The Goidelic Celts occupied the area around Broadclough and wolves were encountered in the hills around the clough as late as the 13th century.{{cite web|url=http://www.wildrossendale.co.uk/Whitworth-History.html |title=Whitworth History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222121316/http://www.wildrossendale.co.uk/Whitworth-History.html |archive-date=22 December 2015 }}

Broadclough is said to be the site where a Danish chieftain was killed in a battle between the Danes and Saxons. His grave is said to be at a farm near Stubbylee, which is located around 1 1/2 miles south of Broadclough.{{cite web | url=https://link4life.org/images/pdfs/local-history-books/history-of-rochdale-fishwick/chapter-xx-miscellany-pages529-540.pdf | title=History of the Parish of Rochdale | publisher=The Rochdale Press | access-date=16 March 2018 | archive-date=17 September 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917135747/https://link4life.org/images/pdfs/local-history-books/history-of-rochdale-fishwick/chapter-xx-miscellany-pages529-540.pdf | url-status=dead }}

In January 2024 a Viking gaming piece or weight was found in Broadclough, which contained symbols including runes on its base. {{cite web | url=https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/1144421 | title=Record ID: LANCUM-D1FD22 - EARLY MEDIEVAL weight }}

File:Broadclough Dykes.jpgThe village is made more significant because there exists what has been argued to be the most important archaeological site in the East Lancashire area, namely Broadclough Dykes. It has been claimed that in the 10th century, the Anglo-Saxons battled against Gaels and Norsemen at Broadclough,{{citation|url=http://www.whitworth.gov.uk/local-info-indiv.php?id=127&name=Town%20Overview|author=Whitworth Town Council|publisher=whitworth.gov.uk|title=Town Overview|access-date=28 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624043143/http://www.whitworth.gov.uk/local-info-indiv.php?id=127&name=Town%20Overview|archive-date=24 June 2013|url-status=dead}}{{citation|url=http://www.rossendale.gov.uk/info/200064/local_history_and_heritage/218/a_brief_history_of_rossendale/2|publisher=rossendale.gov.uk|author=Rossendale Borough Council|title=A Brief History of Rossendale; Bacup|page=2|access-date=17 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318031530/http://www.rossendale.gov.uk/info/200064/local_history_and_heritage/218/a_brief_history_of_rossendale/2|archive-date=18 March 2014|url-status=dead}} with some arguing this was the setting for the site of, or an encampment of an army before the Battle of Brunanburh.{{citation | url=https://visitbacup.com/broadclough-dykes-lancashires-most-important-unresolved-archeological-site/ | title=Broadclough Dykes: Lancashire's Most Important Unresolved Archeological Site? | publisher=Bacup Business Association | access-date=23 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922142558/https://visitbacup.com/broadclough-dykes-lancashires-most-important-unresolved-archeological-site/ | archive-date=22 September 2019 | url-status=dead }}

Although the Dykes near Dykes House Farm have been studied, there are other earthworks that have yet to be studied. These include those that run next to the Roman road and Lane Head Farm,{{cite web | url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/14163820.FLASHBACK__Lancashire_hit_by_some_of_the_worst_blizzards_for_20_years/ | title=Lancashire hit by some of the worst blizzards for 20 years | date=23 December 2015 | publisher=Lancashire Telegraph }} Bacup Old Road and Plantation View in neighbouring Weir.{{cite web | url=http://oldfieldsofhistory.blogspot.co.uk/2014/10/the-mystery-of-broadclough-dykes-was.html | title=The Mystery of Broadclough Dykes - Was Bacup a Viking Stronghold? | publisher=Old Fields of History}} In addition there are other properties which aren't associated with the Dykes such as Dikes Barn Farm{{cite web | url=http://www.zoopla.co.uk/property/dikes-barn-farm/burnley-road/stacksteads/bacup/ol13-8rq/27179892 | publisher=Zoopla | title=Dikes Barn Farm }} which suggest there may be other locations in Broadclough that need to be analysed.

Others have suggested these are of Roman rather than Saxon origin,{{cite book | url=http://ukga.org/england/Lancashire/towns/Bacup.html | title=Bacup}} whilst others believe it is a cross dyke, perhaps sharing its history with other neolithic features in the area, such as the nearby neolithic settlement at Tooter Hill, from which the dykes are highly visible.{{cite web | url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=38141 | title=Broadclough Dykes, Bacup, Lancashire }}

The prevailing train of thought places Broadclough Dykes as an ancient structure, however, there is a suggestion that it may actually have an industrial origin as open-cast site for extraction of fireclay, from beneath an exposed coal seam.{{cite web | url=http://heritagephotoarchive.co.uk/p1025672741/h4FD77954#h4fd78182 | title=HRS 4064 Broadclough dike | publisher=Heritage Photo Archive & Heritage Image Register }} Whilst the industrial nature of the dyke is a possibility, Thomas Newbigging, in his 1887 book Historical Sketch of the Forest of Rossendale, reported the farmer from Dykes House Farm confirmed the undulating and pitted land closer to the turnpike, and behind what is now Broadclough Mill, is invariably made up of loose soil and is of a filled-up character, containing fragments of stick, bark and other substances that where not normally found in the natural deposits,{{cite web | url=https://www.hslc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/19-3-Newbigging.pdf | title=Historical Sketch of the Forest of Rossendale }} suggesting the soils dug out of the dyke had been used to construct defences further down the slope.

Before Bacup rose in significance and before deafforestation, Broadclough historically sat in the Forest of Rossendale's Newchurch township,{{cite web | url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/lancs/vol6/pp437-441 | title=Townships Newchurch | publisher=British History Online}} being a clough within the Bacup Booth.{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofforesto00newb/historyofforesto00newb_djvu.txt | title=History of the Forest of Rossendale | date=6 January 1893 }} Broadclough Hall at Lower Broadclough was the seat of the Whittaker family, one of the most important families in the Forest of Rossendale, who held the position of Greave of the Forest as a quasi-hereditary title from around 1515. Considered the only "ancient hall" in Rossendale, Broadclough Hall was originally built around 1596,{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcountyp01bain | page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofcountyp01bain/page/276 276] | quote=broadclough. | title=History of the County Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster | publisher=Fisher | last1=Baines | first1=Edward | year=1836 }} with a coach house believed to date from circa 1750 featuring a rare recessed/rebated frontage with veranda.{{cite web | url=http://www.rightmove.co.uk/property-for-sale/property-27403133.html | title=Broadclough Coach House | publisher=Rightmove}}{{ cite web | url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-185594-coach-house-c25-metres-to-rear-of-broadc#.VstIB_mLTIU | title=Coach House C25 Metres to Rear of Broadclough Hall | publisher=British Listed Buildings }} The hall had a number of notable visitors including Beatrix Potter and John Wesley. Whilst there is a date-stone of 1666 over the former side door, the present building was built in 1816, being the third hall to be built on the site, although it is likely a building had existed on or near the site previously.{{cite web | url=http://www.bacuptimes.co.uk/index_htm_files/Broadclough%20Hall.pdf | title=Broadclough Hall | publisher= Bacup Times}}

Whilst many of Broadclough's buildings were built by the Whittakers of Broadclough Hall, a family by the name of Lord grew to become a significant property owner and there are a number of listed buildings within Broadclough that are associated with them, as well as a number of place names (including Lord's Court and Lord's Barn).{{cite web | url=http://www.bacuptimes.co.uk/index_htm_files/Heath%20Hill%20House.pdf | title=Heath Hill House | publisher= Bacup Times}} Broadclough Farm, Higher Broadclough Barn and Dikes House Farm have date-stones associated with John Lord, with dates of 1697, 1729 and 1737, whilst Broadclough Mill features a date-stone - with the initials of his namesake descendant - which is dated 1835. Furthermore, Broadclough Farm has a stone trough dated 1877 built into a garden wall, although this trough was discovered near the barn and moved to its current location in 1982.{{Cite book|title=Stories In Stone|last=Taylor|first=John B.|publisher=Coxton Printing Xo. Ltd|year=1988|isbn=0-9514167-07|pages=17, 18, 20, 22, 43}}

After over a hundred years of trading and having lost its licence in 1959, in 1971, Broadclough's pub, the Roebuck (opposite Lord's Court), was demolished as part of the Bacup slum clearance, allowing Burnley Road to be straightened.{{cite web | url=http://www.bacuptimes.co.uk/publife.htm | title=Publife | publisher= Bacup Times}} Whilst The Roebuck is generally considered to be Broadclough's only pub, some argue the Irwell pub sits at the outer edge of the village.{{cite web | url=https://whatpub.com/pubs/LAE/578/irwell-inn-broad-clough | title=Irwell Inn Broad Clough | publisher=WhatPub}}

Higher Broadclough (at Broadclough Farm and Step Row) was originally the furthest point of the road that is now A671 before it turned 90 degrees and headed up through the farm yard, past the notable Step Row and up the road that is now Bacup Old Road. There is also an old bridge (extant but no longer in use) which probably predates the 18th century and which sits 10 yards south east of Dog Pits Lane bridge, having once served to connect Bacup Old Road to Todmorden Old Road before the turnpike was built.{{cite web | url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-185606-old-bridge-c10-metres-south-east-of-dog-#.Vst9uvmLTIU | title=Old Bridge C10 Metres South-East of Dog Pits Lane Bridge over River Irwell | publisher=British Listed Buildings }}

Parliament enacted the Rochdale to Burnley Turnpike Trust in 1755, which extended the main road through the village to Weir, via a huge embankment running between Higher Broadclough to Deerplay Moor, making Burnley much more accessible to road traffic.{{cite web | url=http://www.link4life.org/discover/local-history-online/trade-industry-and-transport/transport-travel/packhorse-tracks-turnpikes-and-tall-houses | title=Packhorse, Tracks, Turnpikes and Tall Houses | publisher=Link 4 Life | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318022535/http://www.link4life.org/discover/local-history-online/trade-industry-and-transport/transport-travel/packhorse-tracks-turnpikes-and-tall-houses | archive-date=18 March 2014 | df=dmy-all }}File:River Irwell at Broadclough - geograph.org.uk - 673870.jpg The turnpike tolls on the road were abolished on 14 August 1880.{{cite web | url=http://www.bacuptimes.co.uk/newsarticles2.htm | publisher=Bacup Times }}

The section of Burnley Road that runs through Broadclough has become an accident blackspot,{{cite web | url=http://www.lancsfirerescue.org.uk/2012/12/rtc-in-weir-bacup-at-1604-hrs/ | title=RTC in Weir Bacup at 1604hrs | publisher=Lancashire Fire and Rescue | access-date=9 March 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162310/http://www.lancsfirerescue.org.uk/2012/12/rtc-in-weir-bacup-at-1604-hrs/ | archive-date=2 April 2015 | url-status=dead }}{{cite news | url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/northwest/4699614.Woman_cut_free_after_Bacup_crash/ | title=Woman Cut Free After Bacup Crash | newspaper=Lancashire Telegraph | date=23 October 2009 | publisher= Woman Cut Free After Bacup Crash}}{{cite web | url=http://www.accringtonobserver.co.uk/news/local-news/teen-driver-in-death-crash-1267238 | title=Teen Driver In Death Crash | date=29 June 2005 | publisher= Teen Driver In Death Crash}} where speeding is seen as a problem on the road, with people into Broadclough from Weir often driving like they're still in open countryside according to local residents whilst Councillor Jimmy Eaton said: "It's not that long ago that a lady was killed not so far away from where this accident took place, and that wasn't the first. There have been many accidents along that stretch in recent times and I'm very concerned that there will be another fatality if something isn't done." The County Councillor has gone on to spearhead residents' calls for the creation of a bypass with the suggestion of utilising elements of the old highway Bacup Old Road.{{cite news | url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/northwest/11172039.UPDATED__Man_fighting_for_life_after_Bacup_crash/ | title=UPDATED: Man fighting for life after Bacup crash | newspaper=Lancashire Telegraph | date=26 April 2014 | publisher= Bolton News}}

There have been several attempts to further develop Broadclough; however, to date these have been refused on several grounds, with the main concerns have been the impact on the open countryside and moorlands and of Burnley Road, on which there has been a large number of accidents. The land on the boundary of Weir, adjacent to Broadclough Farm and Northern Primary School, has had several attempts at development including a 61-home plan{{cite web | url=http://www.rossendalefreepress.co.uk/news/local-news/plans-build-61-homes-rejected-1707815 | title=Plans Build 61 Homes Rejected | date=21 February 2008 | publisher= Rossendale Free Press}} as well as an 80-bed residential care unit{{cite web | url=http://www.rossendale.gov.uk/planningApplication/3069 | title=Specialist Dementia Unit Refused | publisher= Rossendale Planning Department}} which was refused locally and had an appeal dismissed by the planning inspectorate.{{cite web|url=http://broadcloughfarm.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/DECISION.pdf |title=Decision on Dementia Care Home |publisher=Planning Inspectorate |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714181734/http://broadcloughfarm.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/DECISION.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}

In June 2014 the police announced they would be monitoring the A671 between Weir and Bacup (which passes through Broadclough) as it has become an accident blackspot with a high number of accidents which have resulted in serious injury and even deaths.{{cite news|url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/northwest/11308062.Police_monitoring_Bacup_Weir_accident__blackspot_/ | title=Police Monitoring Bacup Weir Accident Blackspot | work=The Bolton News | date=29 June 2014 }}

Broadclough is served by the TransDev Rosso Number 8 bus between Burnley and Bacup, with stops near York Street, Northern Primary School, Broadclough Mill and Meadows Mill.{{cite web | url=http://www.lancashirebus.co.uk/times?routeID=100 | title=8 BURNLEY TO BACUP AND RAWTENSTALL }}

File:Broadclough Mill, Bacup.jpg

There were around 50 farms owned by the Whittaker family in the Broadclough area in the 17th century however the industrial history of the area rapidly progressed with Broadclough becoming one of the first areas to industrialise, firstly through water mills off the River Irwell, notably those off Dog Pits Lane, opposite Broadclough Farm/ behind Lord's Court and Higher Broad Clough Mill, which was also known as the Owd Engine/Old Engine.{{PastScape|mnumber=1585356 | mname=Higher Broad Clough Mill | accessdate=30 August 2015}} These early mills were quickly replaced by steam powered spinning mills including the early 19th century Broadclough Mill and Meadows Mill.{{cite web | url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-185595-broadclough-mill-lancashire | title=Broadclough Mill, Lancashire | publisher= British Listed Buildings}}{{cite web | url=http://www.bacuptimes.co.uk/watergaselectric.htm | title=Water, Gas & Electric | publisher= Bacup Times}}

File:Broadclough Mill - geograph.org.uk - 673868.jpgThe Grade 2 Broadclough Mill was built in 1824 as a successful water powered woollen mill which became steam powered by the 1830s, becoming a cotton spinning mill following enlargement and was later separated out into business units which is how it operates today.{{cite web | url=http://www.rossendale.gov.uk/planx_downloads/Heritage_Statement_4.pdf | title=Broadclough Mill Heritage Statement | publisher=Rossendale Council | access-date=24 January 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129211442/http://www.rossendale.gov.uk/planx_downloads/Heritage_Statement_4.pdf | archive-date=29 January 2016 | url-status=dead }} Broadclough Mill is the traditional starting point of the Bacup and Stacksteads Carnival parade which takes place each year in June.{{cite web | url=http://www.wherevent.com/detail/Az-Kabile-Bacup-and-Stacksteads-Carnival-Sunday-June-2016 | title=AZ Kabile Bacup and Stacksteads Carnival Sunday June 2016 | publisher=Where Event}}

File:Meadows Mill - geograph.org.uk - 673876.jpgThere was also a colliery in the village known as Broadclough Colliery Coal Mine which was owned by George Hargreaves & Co, was operational by 1894 employing 3 men underground and one above ground{{cite web | url=http://www.dmm.org.uk/company/h1008.htm | title=George Hargreaves & Co. | publisher=Durham Mining Museum }} however was disused by 1931.{{cite web | url=http://www.aditnow.co.uk/mines/Broadclough-Colliery-Coal-Mine/ | title=Broadclough Colliery Coal Mine | publisher= aditnow.co.uk}} Broadclough has one of the most significant gravity mine water discharges in the UK which flows from the Old Meadows mine area of Broadclough, through the Broadclough Minewater Treatment Works to the River Irwell close to Broadclough Mill.{{cite web | url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/356530/List_of_Sites_-__Operated.csv/preview | title=List of Mine Water Treatment Sites Operated | publisher=Coal Authority }}{{cite web | url=https://www.imwa.info/docs/imwa_1999/IMWA1999_Laine_581.pdf | title=Remediation of the Old Meadows Gravity Minewater Discharge }}

Broadclough Residents' Group is currently in the process of developing a plan to plant trees on former industrial or built areas of the hamlet to preserve an understanding of the area's industrial past. In September 2015 it was announced the Broadclough Residents' Group had been awarded almost 500 saplings by the Woodland Trust to plant around the area.

The geography of Broadclough is central to the development of the settlement. It is a three-sided valley which is cut through at the northeast end by the River Irwell which runs the length of Broadclough.{{cite web | url=http://www.springhillhistory.org.uk/resources/industralisation/Mannex-1854.pdf | title=Mannex History and Directory of Mid-Lancashire 1854 | publisher=Springhill History}} There is a trig point on the summit of Brex Height above Broadclough which marks the extent of the village's hinterland to the west.{{cite web | url=http://www.yourlocalweb.co.uk/lancashire/bacup/pictures/1825213-the-trig-point-on-brex-height/ | title=The Trig Point on Brex Height }} The Trig Point pillar built in May 1948 and was last maintained by the OS in October 1979.{{cite web | url=http://trigpointing.uk/info/user-logs.php?u=44 | title=Logged visits for Clochandighter | publisher=Trig Pointing UK }} Brex Height is also the 12th highest summit in the West Pennines at 409 m (1342 ft).{{cite web | url=http://www.mypennines.co.uk/west-pennine-moors/summits/index.html | title=West Pennine Moors Summits }}

• List of mills in Lancashire
• Battle of Brunanburh
• List of United Kingdom locations: Bro-Bron

{{Geographic location

| title = Neighbouring towns, villages and places

| Northwest = Crawshawbooth

| North = Weir

| Northeast = Cliviger

| West = Haslingden

| Centre = Broadclough

| East = Todmorden

| Southwest = Stacksteads

| South = Bacup

| Southeast = Shawforth

}}

{{reflist|30em}}

{{commons category|Broadclough}}

{{Rossendale}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Villages in Lancashire

Category:Geography of the Borough of Rossendale

Category:Linear earthworks