Brockweir#Village Community Shop

Brockweir is first attested in an annotation on the now lost place-name Pull Brochuail (Welsh pwll ‘pool, lake, pit’ + Welsh personal name Brochfael) in the Book of Llandaff, in a charter dated to c. 620. All later spellings of Brockweir, however, suggest the present place-name is derived from Old English brōc ‘brook’ + wer. Brockweir is located where a small brook meets the Wye; however, there remains the possibility that the first element might be a shortened form of the personal name Brochfael.{{cite book |last1=Davies |first1=Wendy |title=The Llandaff Charters |date=1979 |publisher=The National Library of Wales |location=Aberystwyth}}{{cite web |last1=Kilpatrick |first1=Kelly |title=Medieval Fish Weirs |url=https://waternames.wordpress.com/2017/05/08/medieval-welsh-fish-weirs/ |website=Flood and Flow: Place names and the changing hydrology of English and Welsh rivers |accessdate=20 October 2019 |date=8 May 2017 |quote=‘Flood and Flow’ is a two-year research project funded by the Leverhulme Trust involving the universities of Leicester, Nottingham, Southampton, and Wales.}}

Brockweir has been an important crossing point of the River Wye throughout history, and is approached by a reputedly ancient cross-peninsular trackway. The weir from which the village gets its name is first documented as a gift to Monmouth Priory from Baderon, Lord of Tintern in c 1120; it was held by Tintern Abbey in 1331. The remains of the weir can be seen as shallows under Brockweir bridge. This was obviously a lucrative weir which, coupled with the river crossing, would have made Brockweir an important location; settlement probably sprang up there at an early date.{{cite book |last1=Small |first1=Fiona |last2=Stoertz |first2=Cathy |title=The Forest of Dean Mapping Project, Gloucestershire: A report for the National Mapping Programme |date=2006 |publisher=English Heritage 2006 |page=56 |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/forest-of-dean-mapping-project-nmp/fod_final_doc_web/ |accessdate=22 October 2019}}

The village existed from at least the 13th century, as a hamlet within the parish of Hewelsfield. The oldest existing building, the Malthouse, dates in part from the 15th century and probably formed part of a grange owned by Tintern Abbey. Another house, the Manor House, dates from about 1600, and many other houses date from the 18th century.{{cite web |last1=Baggs |first1=A P |last2=Jurica |first2=A R J |title='Hewelsfield and Brockweir', in A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 5, Bledisloe Hundred, St. Briavels Hundred, the Forest of Dean, ed. C R J Currie and N M Herbert (London, 1996), pp. 150-159 |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/glos/vol5/pp150-159 |website=British History Online |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |accessdate=16 September 2019}}

For centuries many inhabitants of Brockweir were employed in the trade of the river Wye. Among them was John Gethin, who left two boats to his sons in 1571 (one of his sons was probably the John Gethin who was killed on his boat in the Bristol Channel, during an affray with Bristol merchants in 1587). Brockweir was the highest point reached by a normal tide on the Wye, and a key transhipment point where the cargoes of sea-going ships of up to 90 tonnes were transferred onto barges to be sent upstream, and the products of Herefordshire, Monmouthshire and the Forest of Dean (principally iron and timber) were sent back to Bristol and beyond.{{cite book |last1=Coxe |first1=William |title=An Historical Tour in Monmouthshire, Part the Second |date=1801 |publisher=Luke Hansard, Printed for T. Cadell, jun. and W. Davies |location=London |page=351 |url=https://archive.org/details/b22011730_0002/page/n5 |accessdate=1 November 2019}}

Brockweir, approached as much by water as by road, was an isolated community with an independent character. The minister appointed to its new Moravian church in 1832 (see below) described the life of its watermen as being centred on beerhouses, skittle alleys, and cockfighting and said that it had the reputation of a 'city of refuge' for lawless elements. Only one narrow road led into the village, and goods were usually carried by donkeys or by water, with a ferry taking travellers to and from the Welsh bank of the Wye.

Several chapels, a school, the decline of its trade, and an influx of outsiders to the area gradually changed the character of the village. During the early 20th century several Nonconformist groups, including Quakers, Pentecostalists, and Christian Scientists, held meetings in Brockweir and the surrounding area. The Grade II listed lattice girder road bridge, linking Brockweir to the main Chepstow to Monmouth road (now the A466), was built in Chepstow by Edward Finch & Co., and was opened in 1906.{{cite web |title=Brockweir Bridge |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1393683 |website=Historic England |publisher=Historic England |accessdate=14 November 2019}} La Belle Marie, a wood twin-screw steam boat of 31 tons, was bought by James Dibden of Brockweir in about 1905 and ran on the Wye as a market boat until the First World War. She was then laid up and dismantled; a few remains of the boat were still visible near Brockweir bridge as late as 1934.{{cite book |last1=Farr |first1=Grahame E. |title=Chepstow Ships |date=1954 |publisher=The Chepstow Society}} In 1929 Brockweir Halt was opened on the Wye Valley Railway on the Monmouthshire side of the bridge. The halt closed in 1959.

Trows and barges have been built in Brockweir from at least the eighteenth century. From the mid-1820s, seagoing vessels, including brigs, schooners and barques began to be built in Brockweir, using local timber. The ships were not fitted out in Brockweir – the hulls were floated down to Chepstow or Bristol for fitting out. There were two yards in Brockweir: one owned by John Easton of Hereford; and one owned by Hezekiah Swift of Monmouth, a timber merchant. Swift’s business was continued by his son Thomas. The building of seagoing vessels had ceased by 1850, but the building of small craft continued at Brockweir until the end of the century. The largest recorded Brockweir-built vessel was the barque Constantine, built in 1847, measuring 506 tons and 121 ft. long. Manoeuvring such large hulls down the Wye must have been a difficult business, only possible in times of spate.

File:Flora Klickmann monument.jpg

The writer Flora Klickmann (1867–1958), who wrote several popular books about her experiences of living in the Wye valley near Brockweir, is buried in the churchyard of the Moravian Church.[http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=klicfl Biography of Flora Klickmann at The Orlando Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823165856/http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=klicfl |date=23 August 2017 }} Subscription required, August 2017{{Cite ODNB|id=65981|title=Klickmann [married name Henderson-Smith], (Emily) Flora}}

File:Brockweir Moravian Church - geograph.org.uk - 204791.jpg

In 1831 a Tintern doctor, worried about the spiritual state of the villagers as well as their physical health, wrote about the situation to the Moravian Minister in Bristol, Rev. C F Ramftler. In 1832 Rev. Ramftler held services in Brockweir and received an encouraging response; following which the building of the Moravian Church began, on ground given for the purpose by the Duke of Beaufort, financed by voluntary contributions. Before the church was built, the site, then in the parish of Woolaston, is reported to have been used by the villagers for their ‘rustic sports’—cockfighting, gambling, dancing and quarrelling.{{cite web |title=Brockweir Moravian Church |url=http://moravian.org.uk/congregations-of-the-moravian-church-in-the-british-province/107-western-district/87-brockweir-moravian-church |website=Moravian Church British Province |publisher=Moravian Church, British Province |accessdate=16 September 2019}}{{cite web |last1=Morgan |first1=Kathleen |last2=Smith |first2=Brian S |title='Woolaston: Nonconformity', in A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 10, Westbury and Whitstone Hundreds, ed. C R Elrington, N M Herbert and R B Pugh (London, 1972), pp. 117-118. |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/glos/vol10/pp117-118 |website=British History Online |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |accessdate=16 September 2019}}{{cite book|author=Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall|title=The Book of South Wales, the Wye, and the Coast|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ut4OAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP1|year=1861|publisher=Arthur Hall, Virtue, and Co.|pages=112–113}}

The first minister was Lewis West, who drew congregations of up to 200 people.

The interior was modified in 1902, and now contains good Art Nouveau windows and joinery, including a gallery at the entrance end of the church.{{cite web |title=Moravian Chapel |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1299144 |website=Historic England |publisher=Historic England |accessdate=16 September 2019}}

File:Brockweir Inn.jpg

An inn called the George, on the south side of the road to the river bank, was recorded from 1793 and had changed its name to the New Inn by 1840. In 1840 the village had three other public houses, called, in connexion with its trade, the Ship, the Severn Trow, and the Bristol. There was then also a beerhouse called the Spout north of the village in a row of cottages that was later formed into a single dwelling called Spout House. The Bristol was called the Sloop in 1844. By 1891 the New Inn and another called the Royal Arms were the only public houses in the village; the latter closed after 1959, leaving only the New Inn, which by 1994 had changed its name to the Brockweir inn. The Brockweir Inn is currently (November 2019) closed for renovation.

The Brockweir and Hewelsfield Village Shop and Cafe was set up after the previous village shop closed in 2000. It is a non-profit making community enterprise, staffed by volunteers from the local community, owned and managed by the Brockweir and Hewelsfield Village Shop Association Limited. The Association was first registered on 25 September 2001 under the Industrial and Provident Societies Acts 1965-1978. It is currently registered under the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 as a ‘Registered Society’, Registration Number 29285R. The site includes a café, general store and food outlet, library kiosk, art gallery and IT training suite. It also provides basic postal facilities.{{cite web |title=The Brockweir and Hewelsfield Village Shop Association Limited |url=https://mutuals.fca.org.uk/Search/Society/5381 |website=Mutuals Public Register |publisher=Financial Conduct Authority |accessdate=15 November 2019}}{{cite web |title=Every Local Shop Counts - Brockweir And Hewelsfield Community Shop, Wye Valley |url=http://www.everyactioncounts.org.uk/en/fe/page.asp?n1=230&n2=6&n3=492&n4=363 |website=Every Action Counts |publisher=Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs |accessdate=15 November 2019 |archive-date=2 December 2008 |location=UK Government Web Archive |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20081202182947/http://www.everyactioncounts.org.uk/en/fe/page.asp?n1=230&n2=6&n3=492&n4=363 |url-status=bot: unknown }}

The Village Shop and Cafe was opened by the Prince of Wales in December 2004, when he described the project as "a triumph of community spirit".

The building is traditionally built from local green oak, but it is combined with sustainable technology, and aims to be environmentally friendly. Photovoltaic roof shingles produce electricity, and any excess can be exported back to the national grid. The building also has a geothermal heating system, drawing energy from the ground under the village playing field.

The project cost around £375,000 and support came from many different sources, including the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Countryside Agency. About £20,000 was raised by the sale of bonds, and local fundraising, donations, and volunteer labour added another £10,000.Leaflet produced by the Village Shop (2020) [https://charitybank.org/ Charity Bank] provided a £100,000 bridging loan to get the project going in 2003.

Listed buildings in the village of Brockweir are listed in the table below, with links to the relevant Historic England list entry. Listed buildings in the village Hewelsfield are given in the Wikipedia article on Hewelsfield. For the purposes of the table, 'Brockweir' is taken to include all buildings in the Civil Parish of Hewelsfield and Brockweir to the west of Offa's Dyke; 'Hewelsfield' is taken to include all buildings in the Civil Parish of Hewelsfield and Brockweir to the east of Offa's Dyke.

Brockweir is also home to a notable contemporary building, the eco-home The Outhouse off Hillgay Road to the north of the village. It was designed by architects Loyn & Co and was the winner of several architectural awards, as well as being shortlisted for the 2016 RIBA House of the Year and shortlisted for the RIBA Stirling prize. {{cite news |title=Riba Stirling Prize 2016: Rural concrete house wins people's vote |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-37564778 |work=BBC News |date=6 October 2016 |accessdate=2016-11-24 }}

{{Reflist}}

• [https://forest-of-dean.net/downloads/Stories_Articles/Life_in_Hewelsfield_and_Brockweir_16th_Century.pdf Life in Hewelsfield and Brockweir during the 16th Century]. By J. J. Dicker. Published by the Chepstow Society and the Newport and Monmouthshire Branch of the Historical Association, Chepstow, 1950. Reproduced at the Forest of Dean Family History Trust, with permission from The Chepstow Society, September 2006.
• [https://archive.org/details/cu31924028087272/page/n5 Memorials of the See and Cathedral of Llandaff, derived from the Liber Landavensis, original documents in the British Museum, H. M. Record Office, the Margam Muniments, Etc]. By Walter de Gray Birch. Published by John E. Richards, Neath, 1912. Reproduced at the Internet Archive. The Liber Landavensis is the Latin name for the Book of Llandaff. Pull Brochuail (Brockweir) is referred to in this version of the Book of Llandaff as ‘Pwll Brochuail’.
• [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/glos/vol5/pp150-159 Hewelsfield and Brockweir]. By A P Baggs and A R J Jurica, in A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 5, Bledisloe Hundred, St. Briavels Hundred, the Forest of Dean, ed. C R J Currie and N M Herbert (London, 1996), pp. 150–159. Reproduced at British History Online.

{{Commons category|Brockweir}}

• [https://www.hewelsfieldandbrockweirpc.org/ Hewelsfield and Brockweir Parish Council]
• [http://www.bandhvillageshop.co.uk/ Brockweir and Hewelsfield Village Shop and Café]

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Category:Villages in Gloucestershire

Category:Forest of Dean

Category:River Wye