Bromadiolone

{{more citations needed|date=October 2014}}

{{chembox

| ImageFile=Bromadiolon Grundstruktur V2.svg

| ImageSize=200px

| IUPACName=3-[3-[4-(4-Bromophenyl)phenyl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropyl]-2-hydroxychromen-4-one

| OtherNames=Broprodifacoum; Bromatrol

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| ChemSpiderID = 10606098

| ChEMBL = 1165553

| InChI = 1/C30H23BrO4/c31-23-16-14-20(15-17-23)19-10-12-22(13-11-19)26(32)18-25(21-6-2-1-3-7-21)28-29(33)24-8-4-5-9-27(24)35-30(28)34/h1-17,25-26,32-33H,18H2

| InChIKey = OWNRRUFOJXFKCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

| CASNo=28772-56-7

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = J2FR050NM5

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| PubChem=34322

| SMILES = Brc1ccc(cc1)c2ccc(cc2)C(O)CC(C\3=C(/O)c4ccccc4OC/3=O)c5ccccc5

| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}

| KEGG = C18596

}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| C=30 | H=23 | Br=1 | O=4

| Appearance=

| Density=

| MeltingPt=

| BoilingPt=

| Solubility=

}}

|Section3={{Chembox Hazards

| MainHazards= 50px50px

| FlashPt=

| AutoignitionPt =

| NFPA-H = 4

| NFPA-R = 0

| NFPA-F = 1

| NFPA-S =

}}

}}

File:Rattenvergifwaarschuwing edit.JPG of the Scheldt river in Steendorp, Belgium]]

Bromadiolone is a potent anticoagulant rodenticide. It is a second-generation 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative and vitamin K antagonist, often called a "super-warfarin" for its added potency and tendency to accumulate in the liver of the poisoned organism. When first introduced to the UK market in 1980, it was effective against rodent populations that had become resistant to first generation anticoagulants.

The product may be used both indoors and outdoors for rats and mice.

It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.{{Cite web | publisher = Government Printing Office | title = 40 C.F.R.: Appendix A to Part 355—The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities | url = http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2008/julqtr/pdf/40cfr355AppA.pdf | edition = July 1, 2008 | access-date = October 29, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120225051612/http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2008/julqtr/pdf/40cfr355AppA.pdf | archive-date = February 25, 2012 | url-status = dead }}

Toxicity

File:Bromadiolone paste.jpg

Bromadiolone can be absorbed through the digestive tract, through the lungs, or through skin contact. The pesticide is generally given orally.[http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest88_e.htm Bromadiolone] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061221043656/http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest88_e.htm |date=December 21, 2006 }} The substance is a vitamin K antagonist. The lack of vitamin K in the circulatory system reduces blood clotting and will cause death due to internal hemorrhaging.

Poisoning does not show effects for 24 to 36 hours after it is eaten and can take up to 2–5 days to cause death.{{Clarification needed|date=June 2018}}

Following are acute {{LD50}} values for various animals (mammals):

  • rats 1.125 mg/kg b.w.
  • mice 1.75 mg/kg b.w.
  • rabbits 1 mg/kg b.w.
  • dogs > 10 mg/kg b.w. (oral MTD){{Cite web |url=http://www.liphatech.com/uploads/files/pdf/US/Literature/vet_guide_pmd.pdf |title=The Veterinarian's Guide to accidental rodenticide ingestion by dogs & cats |access-date=2016-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709113537/http://www.liphatech.com/uploads/files/pdf/US/Literature/vet_guide_pmd.pdf |archive-date=2016-07-09 |url-status=dead }}
  • cats > 25 mg/kg b.w. (oral MTD)

Chemistry

The compound is used as a mixture of four stereoisomers. Its two stereoisomeric centers are at the phenyl- and the hydroxyl-substituted carbons in the carbon chain of the substituent at the 3 position of the coumarin.

class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align:center"
class="hintergrundfarbe6"

! Bromadiolone

File:(R,S)-Bromadiolon V1.svg
(1R,3S)-isomer
File:(S,R)-Bromadiolon V1.svg
(1S,3R)-isomer
File:(R,R)-Bromadiolon V1.svg
(1R,3R)-isomer
File:(S,S)-Bromadiolon V1.svg
(1S,3S)-isomer

Antidote

Vitamin K1 is used as antidote.{{Cite web|date=|title=Bromadiolone (Bromone, Maki) Chemical Profile 1/85|url=http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/rodent/rodent_A_L/bromadiolone/bromad_prf_0185.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-24|website=Pesticide Management Education Program, Cornell University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904205329/http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/rodent/rodent_A_L/bromadiolone/bromad_prf_0185.html|archive-date=2019-09-04}}

See also

References